距離6月16日四六級考試僅剩下兩周時間，
小編今天為大家準(zhǔn)備的是
名勝古跡主題的翻譯素材，
包含非常多該主題的常用詞匯和表達(dá)，
同學(xué)們一定要抓緊時間復(fù)習(xí)啦！
在接下來的兩周，
小編將繼續(xù)發(fā)布
四六級翻譯考點預(yù)測系列推文，
一定要關(guān)注哦！
長城
長城是世界上最偉大的奇跡之一，1987年被列為聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界文化遺產(chǎn)。1 它宛如一條巨龍， 蜿蜒曲折， 穿越草地、沙漠和高山， 自西向東綿延8,851.8公里（明長城）。2 經(jīng)過兩千多年的滄桑，長城部分城墻已經(jīng)被毀或湮滅。3 但是，由于它建筑雄偉，歷史悠久，長城現(xiàn)今依然是世界上最具吸引力的景點之一。長城始建于春秋戰(zhàn)國時期的燕、趙、秦等國，作為防御工事。秦始皇將各段城墻連接起來，抵御北方部落的侵襲。4 從那時起，長城就成為中華民族的一道豐碑，此后歷朝歷代都在不斷擴(kuò)建和修繕。5 今天我們看到的長城主要建于明代。長城承載著豐富的中國文化，體現(xiàn)了中國人民的智慧和頑強(qiáng)。長城與黃河、長江一起，成為了中華民族的象征。
The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was listed as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987. Like a giant dragon, the Great Wall winds its way across grasslands, deserts and mountains, stretching approximately 8,851.8 kilometers (the Ming walls) from west to east of China. With a history of more than 2,000 years, some of the sections are now in ruins or have disappeared. However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world owing to its architectural grandeur and historical significance. The Great Wall was originally built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period as a defensive project by states including Yan, Zhao, and Qin. Emperor Qinshihuang, founder of the first unified empire in Chinese history, succeeded in his effort to have the walls joined together to fend off the invasions from tribes in the north. Since then, the Great Wall has served as a monument of the Chinese nation. It went through constant extensions and repairs in later dynasties. The Great Wall we see today was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. The Great Wall carries a considerable part of Chinese culture and demonstrates the wisdom and tenacity of the Chinese people. It has become a symbol of the Chinese nation along with the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.
翻譯簡析
1 原文對主語“長城”的說明包含兩個部分，其中前者為次要信息，后者為主要信息。因此在翻譯時沒有將二者譯為并列成分，而是將前者譯為同位語。
2 本句在結(jié)構(gòu)上與第一句相仿，譯文重點突出長城的“蜿蜒曲折”，譯為句子的核心winds its way，其他內(nèi)容則譯為狀語。原文的動詞“穿越”譯為介詞across，這種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換在翻譯中比較常見。
3 “兩千多年的滄?！敝饕搁L城歷史悠久，因而譯作a history of more than 2,000 years。漢語中有些詞意蘊(yùn)豐富，難以緊扣字面意思譯成英文，翻譯過程中應(yīng)重點挖掘其背后信息，重在達(dá)意，不宜過分追求詞藻，舍本逐末。
4 本句中的“秦始皇”，譯文先用音譯，然后用一個同位語作說明，便于外國讀者理解其背后的文化信息。
5 原文雖是一句，但有兩層意思，所以分譯成兩句。
故宮
故宮位于北京市中心，是明清兩代24位皇帝的皇宮。1 故宮首建于明成祖年間，歷時14 年竣工。2 沒有皇帝特許，禁止任何人進(jìn)宮，因此這里又叫“紫禁城”。故宮外觀呈長方形，是世界上最大的宮殿群，占地約72萬平方米，四面環(huán)繞著52米寬的護(hù)城河和10 米高的城墻。3 城墻四面各有一座城門，南北門相距961米， 東西門相隔753米。4 故宮分為兩部分。南部又稱外朝，是皇帝行使最高權(quán)力的地方；北部又稱內(nèi)廷，是皇帝和皇室生活的場所。5 由于黃色是皇族的標(biāo)志，故宮內(nèi)以黃色為主。6 屋頂鋪的是黃色琉璃瓦， 宮里的裝飾品也被漆成黃色。 但是有一個例外，皇帝的書齋文淵閣是黑頂，原因是當(dāng)時人們認(rèn)為黑色代表水，可以滅火。7 故宮用作皇宮約有五百年歷史，藏有大量奇珍古玩。8 1987年，故宮被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)?，F(xiàn)在，故宮已成為全世界最受歡迎的景點之一，對國內(nèi)外游客開放。
Lying at the center of Beijing, the Palace Museum was the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was built during the reign of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, taking 14 years to complete. It was forbidden to enter without special permission of the emperor. Hence it is also named the Forbidden City. Rectangular in shape, the Palace Museum is the world’s largest palace complex, covering an area of some 720,000 square meters, surrounded by a 52-meter-wide moat and 10-meter-high walls. The walls have a gate on each side. The distance between the south and north gates is 961 meters, while the distance between the east and west gates is 753 meters. The Palace Museum is divided into two parts. The southern section, or the Outer Court, was where the emperor exercised his supreme power over the nation. The northern section, or the Inner Court, was where the emperor lived with his royal family. Since yellow is the symbol of the royal family, it is the dominant color in the Palace Museum. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles, and decorations in the palace are also painted yellow. However, there is one exception. Wenyuange, the royal library, has a black roof. The reason is that it was believed black represented water and could extinguish fire. Having been the imperial palace for some 500 years, the Palace Museum houses numerous rare treasures and curiosities. In 1987, the Palace Museum was listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site. The Palace Museum is now one of the most popular tourist attractions worldwide, open to tourists from home and abroad.
翻譯簡析
1 將故宮的地理位置譯為狀語，符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣?！拔挥诒本┦兄行摹币部梢宰g為 Located in the center of Beijing或Situated at the center of Beijing。
2 “明成祖年間”意即明成祖在位期間，故譯作during the reign of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty。遇到類似表達(dá)，可以套用。如“清康熙年間”可譯為during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty。
3 本句信息較多，原文結(jié)構(gòu)較為松散，譯文將“是世界上最大的宮殿群”作為主句，其他信息分別譯為形容詞短語或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，自然緊湊。
4 本句用了分譯法，使譯文表意更清晰。
5 “又稱”這里譯作or，表達(dá)的意思比譯為also called 更簡潔。
6 本句重點講故宮的顏色，所以譯文以黃色為中心組織句子，譯法靈活。“以黃色為主”， 意即黃色是故宮的主色調(diào)，故譯作it is the dominant color。
7 原文中“皇帝的書齋”是“文淵閣”的同位語，譯文中也處理為同位語。此外，本句分譯為兩句，以突出文淵閣的與眾不同。
8 根據(jù)英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，將表時間的概念譯為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語。
兵馬俑
兵馬俑是20世紀(jì)最重大的考古發(fā)掘之一，1987年被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。1 兵馬俑位于西安臨潼， 秦始皇陵以東約1.5公里。2 1974 年，一群農(nóng)民在皇家陵墓附近挖井時挖掘出一些陶器碎片，立即引起了考古學(xué)家的注意，然后才有了兵馬俑這一偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。3 1975年，國務(wù)院授權(quán)有關(guān)部門建立兵馬俑博物館。4 栩栩如生的兵馬俑排成作戰(zhàn)的陣勢，成為博物館最大的亮點。5 博物館分為三個部分： 1號坑、2號坑和3號坑， 按照發(fā)現(xiàn)先后命名。6 其中1號坑最大， 于1979年10月1日國慶節(jié)對公眾開放。7 自2010 年10月1日，兵馬俑博物館和秦始皇陵合并成一個大景區(qū)，即秦始皇陵遺址公園。兵馬俑是世界考古史上最偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一，充分體現(xiàn)了中國古代人民的聰明才智和創(chuàng)造力。
The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses, one of the most significant archeological excavations of the 20th century, were listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987. It is located about 1.5 kilometers east of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in Lintong, Xi’an. In 1974, a group of farmers unearthed some pottery fragments while digging a well nearby the royal tomb. It caught the immediate attention of archeologists and led to the great discovery of the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses. In 1975, the State Council authorized the building of the Museum of Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses. The life-like Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses arranged in battle formations are the star features at the museum. The museum is divided into three sections: No. 1 Pit, No. 2 Pit, and No. 3 Pit. They were tagged in the order of their discoveries. No. 1 Pit is the largest, opened to the public on China’s National Day of 1979. Since October 1, 2010 the Museum of Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses and the Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum have been combined into one large attraction area, Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Park. The Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses, as one of the greatest archeological discoveries in the world, fully demonstrate the extraordinary wisdom and superb creativity of the ancient Chinese people.
翻譯簡析
1 本句譯文把“20世紀(jì)最重大的考古發(fā)掘之一”作為主語的同位語，結(jié)構(gòu)比較緊湊。
2 原文中地點信息的順序為由大到小，由“西安”到“臨潼”再到“秦始皇陵”，譯文則相反，由小到大，這是漢譯英的常用譯法。
3 本句信息較多，英文采用了分譯法，譯為意思完整的兩個句子，清晰明了。
4 本句中的“有關(guān)部門”無實質(zhì)意義，翻譯時可省略。
5 本句重點講栩栩如生的兵馬俑是博物館最大的亮點，所以譯文中把“排成作戰(zhàn)的陣勢” 譯為定語arranged in battle formations，以使行文緊湊自然。
6 句中的“命名”，并不是真的起個名字，只是給個標(biāo)簽而已，所以譯作were tagged， 比譯為 were named更恰切。
7 本句也可譯為No. 1 Pit, the largest of the three pits, was first opened to the public on China’s National Day of 1979。
以上內(nèi)容整理自《大學(xué)英語文化翻譯教程》。
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四六級文化翻譯考點預(yù)測（一）| 先秦哲學(xué)思想與文化
