圖1:漢斯·塞利勾勒一般適應(yīng)綜合征。
唐·格雷厄姆/蒙特爾大學(xué)文件和檔案管理處1936年,生物學(xué)家漢斯·塞利觀察到老鼠在受到一系列潛在有害刺激后的應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。該綜合征包括三個階段:警告、抵抗和耗竭(alarm, resistance and exhaustion ARE)。應(yīng)激時釋放的促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素(ACTH)刺激腎上腺分泌多種激素,影響許多器官和系統(tǒng),包括胸腺和胃(如圖)。
References 1 Selye, H. Nature 138, 32 (1936).
2 Selye, H. Br. Med. J. 1, 1383–1392 (1950).
3 Bernard, C. Le?ons sur les propriétés physiologiques et les altérations pathologiques des liquides de l'organisme (Baillière, 1859).
4 Cannon, W. B. The Wisdom of the Body (Norton, 1932).
5 Sherwin, R. R. & Sacca, L. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 245, E157–E165 (1984).
6 Selye, H. J. Hum. Stress 1, 37–44 (1975).
7 Selye, H. Stress in Health and Disease (Butterworth, 1976).
8 Haslbeck, M. & Vierling, E. J. Mol. Biol. 427, 1537–1548 (2015).
9 Park, C.-J. & Seo, Y.-S. Plant Pathol. J. 31, 323–333 (2015).
10 Pacak, K. et al. Am. J. Physiol. 275, R1247–R1255 (1998).
11 Sterling, P. & Eyer, J. in Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health (eds Fisher, S. & Reason, J.) 629–649 (Wiley, 1988).
12 Schulkin, J. (ed.) Allostasis, Homeostasis, and the Costs of Physiological Adaptation (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004).
13 McEwen, B. S. Physiol. Rev. 87, 873–904 (2007).
14 Vale, W., Spiess, J., Rivier, C. & Rivier, J. Science 213, 1394–1397 (1981).
15 Fink, G. J. Neuroendocrinol. 23, 107–117 (2011).
聯(lián)系客服