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醫(yī)院“危急值”報告制度及流程

   

        為加強臨床檢驗“危急值”的管理,確保"危急值"及時反饋,保證醫(yī)療安全,結合我院實際情況,特制定本制度,請各科室遵照執(zhí)行。

“危急值”是指檢驗結果與正常參考范圍偏離較大,表明患者可能正處于生命危險的邊緣狀態(tài),此時如果臨床醫(yī)生能及時得到檢驗信息,迅速給予患者有效的干預措施或治療,可能挽救患者的生命,否則就可能出現(xiàn)嚴重后果,失去最佳搶救時機,甚至危及生命。

各醫(yī)技科室在確認檢查結果出現(xiàn)“危急值”后,應立即報告患者所在臨床科室,不得瞞報、漏報或延遲報告,并填寫《醫(yī)技科室危急值報告登記本》,詳細記錄檢驗日期、患者姓名、住院號、病床號、檢驗項目、檢驗結果、復查結果、臨床電話、臨床聯(lián)系人、報告人等項目,并將檢查結果發(fā)出。臨床科室接到“危急值”報告后,并填寫詳細《臨床科室危急值接收登記本》,應立即采取相應措施,搶救病人生命,保障醫(yī)療安全。

一、危急值報告程序
        1
、醫(yī)技科室工作人員發(fā)現(xiàn)危急值情況時,檢查(驗)者首先要確認儀器、設備和檢查過程是否正常,操作是否正確;核查檢驗標本是否有錯,檢驗項目質(zhì)控、定標、試劑是否正常,儀器傳輸是否有誤。在確認檢查(驗)過程各環(huán)節(jié)無異常的情況下,需立即電話通知臨床科室人員危急值結果,并在《檢查(驗)危急值報告登記本》上逐項做好危急值報告登記。
        2
、臨床檢驗科必須在《檢查(驗)危急值結果登記本》上詳細記錄,并簡要提示標本異常外觀性狀,如溶血、黃疸、乳糜狀等。
        3
、記錄應有以下內(nèi)容:患者姓名、性別、年齡、住院號、臨床診斷、申請醫(yī)師、檢驗項目、檢驗結果、收到標本時間、報告時間、檢驗報告者、通知方式、接收醫(yī)護人員姓名。
        4
、對原標本妥善處理之后保存待查。

    5、各醫(yī)技科室要在檢查(驗)報告危急值項目處加蓋危急值提示章。臨床檢驗科凡打印報告除加蓋危急值提示章外,在項目結果后還有 HHLL的提示。

    6、各醫(yī)技科室在對病人檢查過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)急、危、重病人出現(xiàn)危急癥狀應立即啟動急診急救應急預案,并與臨床醫(yī)生、護士聯(lián)系,采取緊急搶救措施。


        7
、門診檢驗報告危急值項目處加蓋危急值提示章,門診醫(yī)生見到蓋有危急值提示章的檢驗報告應引起高度重視并及時處理。
        8
、臨床科室人員在接到危急值報告電話后,應在臨床科室《危急值報告登記本》上做好記錄,同時及時通知主管醫(yī)生或值班醫(yī)生,做好下一步的救治工作。
        9
、主管醫(yī)生或值班醫(yī)生如果認為該結果與患者的臨床病情不相符,應進一步對病人進行檢查;如認為檢驗結果不符,應關注標本留取情況。必要時,應重新留取標本送檢進行復查。若該結果與臨床相符,應在30分鐘內(nèi)結合臨床情況采取相應處理措施,同時及時報告上級醫(yī)師或科主任。
        10
、主管醫(yī)生或值班醫(yī)生需6小時內(nèi)在病程記錄中記錄接收到的危急值報告結果和所采取的相關診療措施。
       
二、危急值報告制度的落實情況,將納入醫(yī)院績效考核。醫(yī)技科室如未按要求向臨床科室報告危急值結果,一次扣罰1分;臨床科室未及時處理一次扣罰1分,病歷無記錄一次扣罰0.5分;《危急值報告登記本》登記不及時、漏登或缺項過多,扣0.5分。
       
三、各臨床、醫(yī)技科室在實際診療工作,如發(fā)現(xiàn)所擬定危急值項目及危急值

圍需要更改或增減,請及時與醫(yī)務處聯(lián)系,以便逐步規(guī)范醫(yī)院危急值報告制度。
       
四、醫(yī)院醫(yī)療管理職能部門應該定期檢查和總結危急值報告的工作,每年至少要有一次總結,重點是追蹤了解患者病情的變化,或是否由于有了危急值的報告而有所改善,提出危急值報告的持續(xù)改進的具體措施。
       
五、在實驗室操作手冊中應包括危急界值實驗的操作規(guī)程,并對所有與危急界值實驗有關的工作人員,包括醫(yī)護人員進行培訓。臨床檢驗的危急值報告作為醫(yī)院管理評價的重要標準,積極創(chuàng)造條件,逐步建立檢驗醫(yī)師制。
       
六、危急值報告項目及報告范圍。
       
醫(yī)技科室危急值報告范圍
        (
)、檢驗科

檢驗項目                              
                                        
白細胞計數(shù)                      

  單位                            
                                        109/L                      

  低值                            
                                        2
5                       

   高值                           
                                        30                      

  備注                            
                                       
靜脈血、末梢血                      

                              
                                        
血紅蛋白含量                      

                              
                                        g/L                      

                              
                                        50                      

                               
                                        200                      

                        
                                       
靜脈血、末梢血                      

                              
                                        
血細胞比容                      

                              
                                       
                      

                              
                                        15                      

                               
                                        60                      

                              
                                       
靜脈血、末梢血                      

                              
                                       
血小板計數(shù)                      

                              
                                        109/L                      

                              
                                        50                      

                              
                      

                              
                                       
靜脈血、末梢血                      

                              
                                       
凝血活酶時間(PT                      

                               
                                        S                      

                              
                      

                              
                                        30                      

                               
                                       
抗凝治療時                      

                              
                                       
激活部分凝血活酶時間(APTT                      

                              
                                        S                      

                              
                      

                              
                                        70                      

                              
                                       
靜脈血                      

                              
                                       
纖維蛋白原定量                      

                              
                                        g/L                      

                               
                                        1                      

                              
                                        8                      

                              
                                       
血漿                       

                              
                                       
酸堿度                      

                              
                                         PH                      

                              
                                        7
25                      

                              
                                        7
55                      

                              
                                       
動脈血                      

                               
                                       
二氧化碳分壓                      

                              
                                        mmHg                      

                              
                                        20                      

                              
                                        70                      

                              
                                       
動脈血                      

                               
                                       
碳酸氫根                      

                              
                                        mmHg                      

                              
                                        15                       

                              
                                        40                      

                              
                                       
動脈血                      

                              
                                        
氧分壓                      

                              
                                        mmHg                      

                              
                                         45                       

                              
                      

                              
                                       
動脈血                      

                              
                                       
血氧飽和度                       

                              
                                        %                      

                              
                                        75                      

                              
                       

                              
                                       
動脈血                      

                              
                                       
血鉀                      

                              
                                        mmol/L                      

                              
                                        2
5                      

                              
                                        6
5                      

                               
                                       
血清                      

                              
                                       
血鈉                      

                              
                                        mmol/L                      

                              
                                        120                      

                              
                                        160                      

                               
                                       
血清                      

                              
                                       
血氯                      

                              
                                        mmol/L                       

                              
                                        80                      

                              
                                        115                      

                              
                                        
血清                      

                              
                                       
血鈣                      

                              
                                        mmol/L                      

                              
                                        1
6                      

                              
                                        3
5                      

                              
                                        
血清                      

                              
                                       
葡萄糖                      

                              
                                        mmol/L                      

                               
                                        2
2                      

                              
                                        22
2                      

                              
                                        
血清                      

                              
                                       
尿素                      

                              
                                        mmol/L                      

                               
                      

                              
                                        36                      

                              
                                       
血清                      

                              
                                       
肌酐                      

                              
                                       
μmol/L                      

                              
                      

                              
                                        530                      

                              
                                       
血清                      

                              
                                       
膽紅素                       

                              
                                        mmol/L                      

                              
                      

                              
                                        307
8                       

                              
                                       
血清                      

                              
                                       
淀粉酶                      

                              
                                        U/l                      

                              
                      

                              
                                       
>正常參考值上限3倍以上                      

                              
                                        
血清                      

                              
                                       
細菌培養(yǎng)及藥敏                      

                              
                      

                              
                       

                              
                                       
培養(yǎng)出耐甲氧西林金黃色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、產(chǎn)超廣譜β-內(nèi)酰胺酶(ESBLs)腸桿菌科細菌、耐萬古霉素腸球菌、多重耐藥的鮑曼不動桿菌                      

                              
                      

                               
                                       
無菌部位標本細菌培養(yǎng)                      

                              
                      

                              
                      

                              
                                        
血液、骨髓、腦脊液培養(yǎng)陽性                      

                              
                      

          ()、功能科
         1
、心臟停搏
         2
、急性心肌缺血(不適宜平板)
         3
、急性心肌損傷
         4
、急性心肌梗死
         5
、致命性心率失常
       
1)心室撲動、顫動
       
2)室性心動過速
       
3)多源性、ront型室性早搏
       
4)頻發(fā)室性早搏并Q-T間期延長
       
5)預激伴快速心房顫動
       
6)心室率大于180/分的心動過速
       
(7)二度型及高度、三度房室傳導阻滯
       
(8)心室率小于45次/分的心動過緩
       
(9)大于2秒的心室停搏
        (
)、CT
        1
、嚴重的顱腦血腫、挫裂傷、蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血的急性期
        2
、硬膜下/外血腫急性期
        3
、腦疝
        4
、顱內(nèi)急性大面積腦梗死(范圍達到一個腦葉或全腦干范圍或以上)
        5
、液氣胸,尤其是張力性氣胸(除外復查病人)
        6
、肺栓塞
        7
、急性主動脈夾層 
        8
、消化道穿孔
        9
、急性胰腺炎
        10
、肝脾胰腎等腹腔臟器出血
        11
、眼眶內(nèi)異物
        
(四)、放射科
        1
、一側肺不張
        2
、氣管、支氣管異物
        3
、液氣胸,尤其是張力性氣胸(大于50%以上)
        4
、急性肺水腫
        5
、心包填塞、縱隔擺動
        6
、急性主動脈夾層動脈瘤
        7
、食道異物
        8
、消化道穿孔、急性腸梗阻(包括腸套疊)
        9
、外傷性膈疝
        10
、嚴重骨關節(jié)創(chuàng)傷:
       
1)脊柱骨折伴脊柱長軸成角畸形
       
2)多發(fā)肋骨骨折伴肺挫裂傷及或液氣胸;
       
3)骨盆環(huán)骨折。
       
(五)、超聲科
       
1、急診外傷見腹腔積液,疑似肝臟、脾臟或腎臟等內(nèi)臟器官破裂出血的危重病人
        2
、大量心包積液,前壁前厚度大于等于3cm,合并心包填塞
        3
、懷疑宮外孕破裂并腹腔內(nèi)出血
        4
、晚期妊娠出現(xiàn)羊水過少、心率過快

 

 


       

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