四．代詞：
I. 代詞可以分為以下七大類：
1 | 人稱代詞 | 主格 | I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they |
賓格 | me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them | ||
2 | 物主代詞 | 形容詞性 | my, your, his, her, its, our, their |
名詞性 | mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs | ||
3 | 反身代詞 | myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves | |
4 | 指示代詞 | this, that, these, those, such, some | |
5 | 疑問(wèn)代詞 | who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever | |
6 | 關(guān)系代詞 | that, which, who, whom, whose, as | |
7 | 不定代詞 | one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, | |
other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either | |||
II. 不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn)：
1. one, some與any:
1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。
One should learn to think of others.
Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.
I have some questions to ask.
2) some可用于疑問(wèn)句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請(qǐng)求等。
Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?
3) some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，some表示某個(gè)，any表示任何一個(gè)。
I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.
4) some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較級(jí)連用表示程度。
There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?
2. each和every:
each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上。
Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.
Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.
3. none和no：
no等于not any，作定語(yǔ)。none作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。
There is no water in the bottle.
How much water is there in the bottle? None.
None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other和another:
1) other泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,
the other特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為the others。如：
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.
2) another指“又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”無(wú)所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”如：
I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).
The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.
Some like football, while others like basketball.
5. all和both, neither和either
all表示不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.
All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.
Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.
人稱、物主、反身、指示代詞
高考重點(diǎn)要求
1．掌握人稱代詞、物主代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞的基本用法。2．重點(diǎn)掌握不定代詞的指代含義及數(shù)的情況，能通過(guò)語(yǔ)境準(zhǔn)確選取答案。3．掌握it的基本用法。
一．人稱代詞
1）分清主格和賓格形式。
eg：---I love you more than her，child ．/ ---You mean more than ___love her or more than she loves____? A．you；me B．I；you C．you；you D．I；me
2)注意約定俗成的用法。
---Who is it ? ---It's me ． ---I'd like to have a rest ． ---Me，too．
3）使用we 和you 泛指一般人
4)使用she代表國(guó)家、船只、月亮、大地等
China is a great country．She has a long history．
5)并列主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)中順序是：you，he(she) and I；we，you and they
二．物主代詞：名詞性物主代詞――在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成雙重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容詞性物主代詞――只能起定語(yǔ)作用。
三．反身代詞
1) 在句中作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)；2)單復(fù)數(shù)的確定；3)在一些語(yǔ)境中的特殊含義。
e.g. I'm not quite myself today．我今天不大舒服。/ Ｍake yourself at home．不要拘禮；請(qǐng)隨便吧。/ Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．別緊張，喜歡吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快嗎？
四．指示代詞
（一）this，that，these those
1．在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
2．this(these)一般指時(shí)間和空間上較近的人或物，而that (those)常指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine．
3．this(these)一般指后面要講到的事物，而that(those)常指前面講到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing．/ He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．
4．that，those 常用來(lái)指代前面提到過(guò)的某個(gè)名詞。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995．( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
?。ǘ?/span>such
such引起倒裝句，謂語(yǔ)數(shù)取決于后面主語(yǔ)的數(shù)：e.g Such is my answer．/ Such are our people．
做定語(yǔ)，注意和so 的區(qū)別，尤其是在so …that，such…that 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers．(復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film．(也可為so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing．(不可數(shù)詞前，不可用so) / There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．(在數(shù)量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )
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