Attention please!
語(yǔ)法填空作為高考英語(yǔ)的必考題型，主要考查我們的語(yǔ)法積累和運(yùn)用能力。在積累了眾多語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，相信同學(xué)們已經(jīng)有了一些做這道題的能力和技巧，那怎么才能保證我們做這道題準(zhǔn)確率高而且速度快呢？下面我們將對(duì)語(yǔ)法填空題型進(jìn)行考點(diǎn)梳理。
和高考的親密接觸
給同學(xué)們10分鐘的時(shí)間，一起來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)一下吧！
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 2 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be) more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try.
同學(xué)們能否總結(jié)出語(yǔ)法填空這個(gè)題型知識(shí)點(diǎn)考查的方向和重難點(diǎn)呢？針對(duì)這個(gè)題型，同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}的時(shí)候都會(huì)遇到什么問(wèn)題？和小伙伴們一起討論一下吧!
考點(diǎn)一 名詞
考查內(nèi)容
（1）n and n并列
例如：His kindness and _____（achieve）impressed me.
（2）（a/an/the）+adj+n
例如：The _____（express）in his eyes told me something was wrong.
（3）介詞+n
Several proposals are under _____（consider）.
（4）形容詞性物主代詞+n
（5）序數(shù)詞+n
It is the third _____（describe）about the bird.
many/several+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
much+不可數(shù)名詞
some/a lot of/lots of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞
名詞變復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)律
1.一般情況，加-s; 如map-maps
2.以s，sh，ch，x等結(jié)尾的詞，加-es; 如：bus- buses
3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加es; 如：baby- babies
牛刀小試
1. For most of us the______(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.
2.I\\\\\\'d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese______(painting).
3. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top______(attract).
4.The nursery team switches him every few_______(day) with his sister.
考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)詞
考查方向
Tom ______（play）football yesterday.
I saw the boy ______（play）near the river.
The story is very ______（interest）.
如果括號(hào)中給的提示詞是動(dòng)詞時(shí)，首先判定考查的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。
考查內(nèi)容
一、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
1、判定考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的依據(jù)
（1）逗號(hào)不能連接兩個(gè)句子。
例如：Two years ago,he went to the Great Wall.
（2）在一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中，只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)。
例如：He walked into the classroom.
He walked into the classroom and began his class.
He walked into the classroom whistling a popular tune.
2、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考察方向：時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致
（1）時(shí)態(tài)
判斷依據(jù)：
①如果該空所在的句子中有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，則依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)判斷相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
例如：He __________（write）eight books so far.
②如果該空所在的句子中有并列謂語(yǔ)，則保持并列謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)一致。
例如：He got up early and _____（go）to school.
③如果上述兩種情況都不存在時(shí)，則根據(jù)上下文的時(shí)態(tài)正確選擇謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。
（2）語(yǔ)態(tài)
判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，從而選擇謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：be done
例如：All the employees ______（encourage）to work online at home.
（3）主謂一致
①如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也是單數(shù)；如果主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)。
②就近原則。通常使用就近原則的詞組有or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…，There be句型
例如：Either you or I _____（be）happy.
③就遠(yuǎn)原則。通常使用就遠(yuǎn)原則的詞組有:名詞或代詞┼with，along with，together with，as well as，rather than，as much as，but，expect
例如：Tom as well as his friends ____（be）invited to the party.
總結(jié)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致做題思路：
1、要判斷括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；若是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，
2、要判斷用哪一種時(shí)態(tài)
3、要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系判斷用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
4、要注意主謂一致,最后才能確定所填動(dòng)詞的形式。
在確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),我們可從三個(gè)方面來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷:
1、看句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；
2、在沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；
3、根據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
牛刀小試
1、Three people ______（take）to a hospital,while others were treated at a local clinic.
2、At that time,soda pop was sold in bottles,and they were washed and _____（fill）again.
3、There_____（be）a book and two pens on the desk.
4、Two years ago,the three of us _______（go）up to Mt.Lushan.
5、It was raining lightly when I _______（arrive）in Yangshuo just before dawn.
二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
1、判定考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的依據(jù)：
根據(jù)概念（在一個(gè)句子中，除了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之外的其他動(dòng)詞形式稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）
2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及意義
基本形式：to do 表示將來(lái)、目的、主動(dòng) 變化形式：to be done 將來(lái)、被動(dòng)
doing 表示進(jìn)行、主動(dòng) being done 進(jìn)行、被動(dòng)
done 表示完成、被動(dòng) having done 完成、主動(dòng)
having been done完成、被動(dòng)
3、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的做題思路
（1）判定是否是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。（根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的概念）
（2）找邏輯主語(yǔ)，分析邏輯主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
（3）分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系。
（4）根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本形式和變化形式及其所表達(dá)的意義，判定出最終非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。
4、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配
（1）doing做主語(yǔ)
例如：playing with his friends makes him happy every day.
（2）only to do表示出人意料的結(jié)果
例如：He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.
（3）主語(yǔ)+be+adj+to do
例如：The cake is easy to make.
（4）have trouble/problems/difficulty+（in）doing sth/with sth
（5）It takes sb some time/money to do sth
（6）跟to do形式作賓語(yǔ)
（7）跟doing形式作主語(yǔ)
（8）介詞后加doing形式作賓語(yǔ)
牛刀小試
1.I enjoy _______(climb)mountains whenever I can find the time to do so.
2.It took years of work_______(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.
3. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _______(be) late for school.
4. Abercrombie& Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people_______ (live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
5. He lent me some money,________(hope)that I could help him.
三、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換
動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞、形容詞或副詞
1、動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞
（1）n and n并列（2）（a/an/the）+adj+n （3）介詞+n（4）形容詞性物主代詞+n
（5）序數(shù)詞+n
many/several+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
much+不可數(shù)名詞
some/a lot of/lots of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞
2、動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞
（1）形容詞作表語(yǔ)
（2）形容詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞
例如：She gave us a ______（surprise）look.
3、動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或者整個(gè)句子。
例如：_____（luck）,he didn’t hurt himself.
牛刀小試
1.What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _____（able）.
2.There are _____（amaze）stories of instant transformation.
3.Now people are still _______(interest)in Nessie.
4.You will be ______(surprise) to find you’re gaining weight.
考點(diǎn)三 形容詞、副詞
考查方向
1、形容詞、副詞的判定及兩者之間的詞性轉(zhuǎn)化
2、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)
形容詞使用情況：修飾名詞、代詞或者放在系動(dòng)詞之后作表語(yǔ)
副詞使用情況：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子
形容詞變副詞規(guī)律
1.一般情況下直接加“y”；如： quick- quickly，
2.以輔音字母加le結(jié)尾時(shí)，去e加y；
如：possible-possibly; probable-probably; incredible-incredibly
3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i加ly；
如happy-happily；heavy-heavily
4.少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加-ly；如true-truly
形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)變化規(guī)律
1單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式是在詞尾加-er和-est構(gòu)成；如：tall--taller--tallest
2以e結(jié)尾的單詞加r/st；如 wide--wider--widest
3以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加er/est；
如:busy-busier-busiest
4以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的單詞，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加er/est；如big-bigger-biggest
5部分雙音節(jié)詞，多音節(jié)詞在詞前面加more或most；(比較級(jí)more+adj；最高級(jí)most+adj)
如： interesting-more interesting-most interesting
不規(guī)則變化
good/well-better-best
bad/ill-worse-worst
many/much -more--most.
little/few-less-least
far--farther/further--farthest/furthest
牛刀小試
1.Abercrombie &Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it________(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
2. The river was so polluted that it _______(actual)caught fire and burned.
3. Fans from around the world gathered_______(cheerful)to celebrate their love of Hello Kitty.
4.The secretary arranged_______(convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an Interview.
5.As the Chinese old saying goes:“It is_______(good)to travel ten thousand miles than to read
ten thousand books.”
相信大家在經(jīng)過(guò)了語(yǔ)法填空的考點(diǎn)梳理之后，做題已經(jīng)游刃有余了，給同學(xué)們10分鐘的時(shí)間，來(lái)做一下下面的題吧！
舉一反三
1. What I\\\\\\'ve learned over the years is that learning to accept each other’s faults is one of the most important_______(key) to creating a healthy, growing, and lasting relationship.
2. Taking a shower often_______(need) a lot of water.
3. She_______(work) for seven months at a child care center in the Harlem area of New York city when she was 20 vears old.
4.Shortly after he borrowed this book, he._______(call) to London to continue his research.
5. Yangshuo_______(be) really beautiful.
6. You\\\\\\'d better write down her phone number before you_______(forget) it.
7. Many children around the world live in the areas where adults_______(regular)smoke.
8.Children with parents who smoke have smaller lungs and________(many) illnesses.
9. One people was killed, and several were_______(serious)hurt.
10. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was_______(miss).
11. Please answer the question_______(use) another way.
12 Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision_______(make)at the meeting will
influence the future of our company.
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