我一直堅定地相信,財富只是實現(xiàn)幸福人生的手段之一,而我們真正追求的就是幸福本身。我們并不真的喜歡財富,我們只是喜歡財富帶給我們的感覺。
什么感覺?自由感。很多人說:“等我有錢了,我就不上班,天天躺著玩游戲”。那么做,持續(xù)做,你會極度無聊甚至出現(xiàn)抑郁。人類就是矛盾動物,不能太忙,但也不能不忙。根據(jù)馬斯洛需求曲線,人就是要追求自我實現(xiàn)和社會價值感,此類的更高層的價值往往就是通過工作建立的。
如此,你也不用等到財富自由了,然后再去做自己喜歡的事情。你完全可以在保障生存的情況下,力所能及地做點小事,一點一點,形成復(fù)利,直到出現(xiàn)大的成果。如此,這個過程也是你喜歡的,過程造就的結(jié)果也是滿足了你的更高層的價值感。(篇幅有限,財富的帶來我們的錯覺先聊到這里)
以上的想法,是我長久以來的觀念。當(dāng)我讀完《納瓦爾寶典》后,讓我再一次篤定了幸福和財富是可以兼得的信念。
《納瓦爾寶典》這本書并不是納瓦爾本人書寫完成的,而是另一位作者埃里克·喬根森經(jīng)過搜集和整理而成的,因此,在書籍編排過程中,不僅考慮到內(nèi)容的價值輸出,更加考慮到了銷量,無可厚非。
但我們可以改變一下自己的閱讀順序。這本書分為兩個部分【財富】和【幸福】。你完全可以從后往前讀,從幸福往前找財富。
錯把手段當(dāng)成目標(biāo),人生可能會走很多彎路。有這么一個奇怪的定律:你追錢,追不到;錢追你,逃不掉。
我認(rèn)為《納瓦爾寶典》此書特別好,其中一些道理,我一直是相信的,但納瓦爾用更有穿透力的方式表述了出來,我在《個體崛起:打造過硬的營銷力和產(chǎn)品力》文章中推薦了此書和納瓦爾的“第三杠桿”。其次,我還賦上了完整的方法論。
我一直想寫一個《納瓦爾寶典》推薦的文章,給【種一個夢】的讀者看,但,我很害怕我把它講糗了。如果因為我,有人決定不再讀納瓦爾寶典,那我會深有罪惡感。
我認(rèn)為《納瓦爾寶典》這本書是每一個想要幸福和財富同時兼?zhèn)涞娜吮刈x的書籍。我把它確定為需要踐行到骨子里的一本書。
為了寫好推薦文章,很早以前我就在實踐書籍里的內(nèi)容,比如學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。
納瓦爾說:
微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和博弈論都是基礎(chǔ)性學(xué)科。如果不能深刻理解供求關(guān)系、勞資關(guān)系、博弈論等問題,你就不可能在商業(yè)上取得成功,甚至也無法很好地適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代社會。
還說:
從頭到尾認(rèn)真研讀一本微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教科書,你會受益匪淺。
自然科學(xué)和微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)都能為閱讀打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)。一旦脫離了這些堅實的基礎(chǔ),麻煩就來了,因為你會難辨真?zhèn)巍?/span>
我干脆在之前自學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上,看了大量的書籍和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教材,正在寫一本關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)運用到到生活中的小冊子。
這就是我的學(xué)習(xí)方法:
教就是最好的學(xué)。
大家一定很熟悉,只是視而不見、只是聽而不聞罷了。
費曼學(xué)習(xí)法。
為了寫好納瓦爾的推薦文章,正在閱讀《納瓦爾寶典》附錄里推薦的文章和書籍,以及一些推特賬號的文章。在書中納瓦爾推薦了以下這篇文章。在Twitter中,納瓦爾用了一個【Must read】(必讀)的字樣。
這次推文合集里,提到了讓我終身受用,個人非常喜歡的一些概念——比如:快思考與慢思考、成長型思維和固定型思維、積累、思維模型、決策樹、專注模式和分散模式、跨學(xué)科知識/復(fù)合型知識、大腦就像肌肉、語言影響思維、標(biāo)簽和自我預(yù)言實現(xiàn)、學(xué)習(xí)如何學(xué)習(xí)再學(xué)習(xí)。
這些都是我在《選擇改變命運》里反復(fù)提到的概念,有心的朋友可能早就發(fā)現(xiàn)了。
此篇文章,不妨作為一個印子,去了解一下這些和【智力復(fù)利】切身相關(guān)的概念。我在文章中穿插了推薦讀物。
還有一個概念推薦大家深刻了解:費曼學(xué)習(xí)法。給個提示,寫作就是費曼學(xué)習(xí)法。
智力復(fù)利是存在的,但只有那些認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)必要且重要概念的人看見過。
當(dāng)我閱讀完后,對知識的復(fù)利有了另一角度的思考,希望你也能從中受益。
1/ There's a concept known as financial compounding, but most people don't know about intellectual compounding. Buffett and Munger employed this to great effect and to accumulate mental models such that they can make large decisions quickly. Intuition is simply reading a lot. 1/ 有這么一個概念被稱為金融復(fù)利,但大多數(shù)人不知道智力復(fù)利。巴菲特和芒格利用這一點取得了很好的效果,并積累了心智模型,以便他們能夠快速做出重大決策。準(zhǔn)確的直覺只是大量閱讀的結(jié)果罷了。
2/ This allows people to convert typically slow thinking and bad fast thinking (bad intuition) into good intuition. In academic literature this is known as Type 1 and Type 2 thinking. Most people don't accumulate enough of knowledge the tree. 2/ 這使人們能夠?qū)⒌湫偷穆季S和糟糕的快速思維(壞直覺)轉(zhuǎn)化為良好的直覺。在學(xué)術(shù)文獻(xiàn)中,這被稱為 1 型和 2 型思維。大多數(shù)人沒有積累足夠的知識。
(推薦閱讀《選擇改變命運》中的《大腦“機器”是怎么運行的?》文章。未經(jīng)訓(xùn)練過的直覺或習(xí)慣是讓人可怕的。如果有興趣建議閱讀《思考,快與慢》)
3/ One of the common patterns for a self made billionaires is their ability to self study, self reason and accumulate a set of their own mental model. Intellectual capital compounds at a hidden rate and most people use tangible badges and net worth as measures. 3/ 白手起家的億萬富翁的常見模式之一是他們自學(xué)、自我推理和積累一套自己的心智模型的能力。智力資本以隱性速度復(fù)合,大多數(shù)人使用有形徽章和凈資產(chǎn)作為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
(金錢讓我們致盲,我們只看到別人“硬資產(chǎn)”,而完全忽視了致使他們成功的“軟資產(chǎn)”。)
4/ Intellectual capital is filling out the decision tree and is a forward looking view and net worth is backward looking. Just like how the wrong way to value tech companies with network effects is revenue but instead by their retention rate and network effects. 4/ 智力資本正在填充決策樹,是一種前瞻性的觀點,而凈資產(chǎn)是滯后的。就像錯誤地評估具備網(wǎng)絡(luò)效應(yīng)的科技公司的方法是收入,而實際上是他們的留存率和網(wǎng)絡(luò)效應(yīng)。
5/ Most people value themselves on their individual badges, which is what society labels for you. But most of what is predictive in life, is how you make decisions. Being effective and investing your time in the right area at the right time is a skill, not purely luck. 5/ 大多數(shù)人在個人徽章上重視自己,這就是社會給你貼上的標(biāo)簽。但是,生活中大多數(shù)具有預(yù)測性的東西,就是你如何做出決定。在正確的時間將時間投入到正確的領(lǐng)域是一種技能,而不僅僅是運氣。
6/ Allowing readings to fill your mind takes advantage of your diffuse/focused mode of thinking and type 1 and type 2 decision making. Meaning you can focus and use your creative brain (diffuse mode) to wander and make associations. This is the key toward STEM education. 6/ 讓閱讀充滿你的頭腦,利用了你的分散/專注的思維模式以及 1 型和 2 型決策。這意味著你可以集中注意力并使用你的創(chuàng)造性大腦(漫射模式)來徘徊和建立聯(lián)系。這是STEM教育的關(guān)鍵。
(想要了解通過分散/專注的思維模式來讓自己具備創(chuàng)造性,建議閱讀芭芭拉·奧克利的《學(xué)習(xí)之道》)
7/ More and more, just like the last 20 years was focused on physical athletes, the next 20 years would be focused on mental atheletes. These ways of thinking and compounding, Buffett, Munger, and polymaths have already used to a large degree and have been confirmed by academia. 7/ 就像過去 20 年專注于體能運動員一樣,未來 20 年將越來越專注于智力運動員。這些思維方式和復(fù)利方式,巴菲特、芒格和博學(xué)者已經(jīng)在很大程度上被使用,并得到了學(xué)術(shù)界的證實。
8/ As the world get faster and faster with AR/VR, AI, crypto. The ability to invest in your own intellectual capital is a crucial prerequisite to maintaining and succeeding in this world and also for your children. 8/隨著 AR/VR、AI、加密貨幣的出現(xiàn),世界變得越來越快。投資于自己的智力資本的能力是維持自己成功以及您的孩子持續(xù)成長的關(guān)鍵先決條件。
9/ While politicians say it's education that's important, it's only partially true, it's the ability to assimilate knowledge trees and compound knowledge that leads to satisfaction, mental stimulation, and long term wealth. 9/ 雖然政客們說教育很重要,但這只是部分正確,是吸收知識樹和復(fù)合知識的能力導(dǎo)致了滿足感、精神刺激和長期財富。
10/ What politicians are doing now is simply aiming backwards, but how can you scale this to everyone? It turns out that charter school have been doing a grand experiment. 10/ 政客們現(xiàn)在所做的只是向后瞄準(zhǔn),但你怎么能把它擴展到每個人呢?事實證明,特許學(xué)校一直在做一個偉大的實驗。
11/ Taking children from disadvantaged backgrounds and making them fit for college. This has worked and three of the results are the following. 11/ 接收來自弱勢背景的孩子,使他們適合上大學(xué)。這已經(jīng)奏效了,其中三個結(jié)果如下。
12/ 'Growth mindset' not 'Fixed mindset' 'Motivation mindset' not 'Fixed mindset' 'Student directed AND teacher directed education and projects' 12/ “成長型思維”而不是“固定型思維”?!皠訖C心態(tài)”而不是“固定心態(tài)” ?!耙詫W(xué)生為主導(dǎo),以教師為指導(dǎo)的教育和項目”。
13/ In turns out statistically those three items are the most predictive. What are they? I'm glad you asked. 13/ 事實證明,從統(tǒng)計學(xué)上講,這三個項目是最具預(yù)測性的。它們是什么?我很高興你問。
14/ It turns out that if you just tell students that their mind is like a 'muscle' and spend just 10 minutes explaining that concept they will improve their grades dramatically. 14/ 事實證明,如果你只是告訴學(xué)生他們的大腦就像一塊“肌肉”,并花 10 分鐘解釋這個概念,他們就會顯著提高他們的成績。
(孩子學(xué)習(xí)成績差,本質(zhì)是專注能力差。成年人也是一樣。)
15/ It turns out this concept is for a person's mind and for each skill set. People can have verbal 'fixed' mindsets, humor 'fixed' mindsets, math 'fixed' mindsets. Almost everything. So, you have to consciously unlearn this and apply it consciously even if you know it. 15/ 事實證明,這個概念適用于一個人的思想和每種技能。人們可以有口頭上的“固定”心態(tài),幽默的“固定”的心態(tài),數(shù)學(xué)上的“固定”的心態(tài)。幾乎所有東西。所以,你必須有意識地忘記這一點,即使你知道它,也要有意識地應(yīng)用它。
(從口頭、心態(tài)全面使自己成為一個“成長型”人格。特別推薦《終身成長》)。
16/ Why is this? It turns out people are criticized by society and labeled. So even if you have a 'growth' mindset for physical items, you don't have it for mental items. This applies not only for students but also for adults. You always hear 'That's not me.' It's a label. 16/ 為什么會這樣?事實證明,人們受到社會的批評和標(biāo)簽。因此,即使你對實物有“成長”的心態(tài),你對精神物品也沒有這種心態(tài)。這不僅適用于學(xué)生,也適用于成年人。你總是聽到“那不是我”。這是一個標(biāo)簽。
17/ There's another concept called 'motivational mindset' which teaches the person 'what good looks like' which simply teaches the kid to follow 'go do the extra problems' 'go to office hours' 'do more problems' Follow the process of the 'motivated student' and it will work. 17/ 還有另一個概念叫做“動機心態(tài)”,它教人“好的樣子是什么樣子”,它只是教孩子遵循“去做額外的問題”“去辦公時間”“做更多的問題”遵循“有動力的學(xué)生”的過程,它會起作用。
18/ It turns out these two concepts turn someone that's socio economically disadvantaged similar to the education status of someone who grew up upper middle class. This is not a panacea as a lot of people have so much stressors in their lives that they can't study. 18/ 事實證明,這兩個概念使社會經(jīng)濟(jì)上處于不利地位的人與在上層中產(chǎn)階級長大的人的教育狀況相似。這不是靈丹妙藥,因為很多人在生活中有太多的壓力源,以至于他們無法學(xué)習(xí)。
19/ The last concept is student self directed project plus teacher lectures is the best. This surprised me, but conceptually, it gives the student agency and motivation. Most students have been so battered down by the system that they can't do this, but that's another story. 19/ 最后一個概念是學(xué)生自主項目加上教師講座是最好的。這讓我感到驚訝,但從概念上講,它給了學(xué)生能動性和動力。大多數(shù)學(xué)生都被這個系統(tǒng)打得如此沉重,以至于他們無法做到這一點,但那是另一回事了。
20/ These concepts have to be mind beliefs. Just like in Dune how they cite 'fear is the mindkiller' These concepts have to be constantly applied to adults and children as they opposite tends to be pervasive and insidious. 20/ 這些概念必須是心靈的信念。就像在《沙丘》中他們引用“恐懼是心靈殺手”一樣,這些概念必須不斷應(yīng)用于成人和兒童,因為它們的對立往往是普遍和陰險的。
21/ These are mindsets and as for strategies. People need to take concepts from Learning how to Learn by
@barbaraoakley and @sejnowski and Art of Learning from Josh Waitzkin. They are are a manual for your brain. 21/ 這些是心態(tài),至于策略。人們需要從喬什·韋茨金(Josh Waitzkin)那里學(xué)習(xí)“學(xué)習(xí)如何學(xué)習(xí)”和“學(xué)習(xí)的藝術(shù)”中汲取概念。它們是你大腦的手冊。
22/ You thought just because you own a brain you knew how to operate it right? Why do you think the drop out rates for STEM is so high. Most people attribute it to pipeline or professor, but perhaps it's because people don't know how to learn difficult subjects. 22/ 你以為僅僅因為你擁有大腦,你就知道如何操作它,對吧?為什么你認(rèn)為STEM的輟學(xué)率如此之高。大多數(shù)人將其歸因于教學(xué)渠道或教授,但也許是因為人們不知道如何學(xué)習(xí)困難的科目。
23/ @LHTL_MOOC takes you from beginner to intermediate, and art of learning takes you from expert to being world class. Then you have Cal Newport's material, and those three resources are simply the best that I know of to hack your own brain 23/ @LHTL_MOOC帶你從初級到中級,學(xué)習(xí)的藝術(shù)帶你從專家到世界級。然后你有Cal Newport的材料,這三個資源簡直是我所知道的最好的破解你自己的大腦的資源。
24/ Do you know anymore? Would love to know more resources and techniques. 24/ 你還知道嗎?很想了解更多的資源和技術(shù)。
25/ In conclusion, as the world become more and more technical and complex, most people don't have the mindset nor tactical skills. In short, people have to re-learn the manual to their own brain. Just because you have a computer, it doesn't mean you know everything about it. 25/ 總之,隨著世界變得越來越技術(shù)化和復(fù)雜化,大多數(shù)人既沒有思維方式,也沒有戰(zhàn)術(shù)技能。簡而言之,人們必須重新學(xué)習(xí)操控自己的大腦。僅僅因為你有一臺電腦,并不意味著你對它了如指掌。
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