用法
1 | matplotlib.pyplot.pie(x, explode=None, labels=None, colors=None, autopct=None, pctdistance=0.6, shadow=False, labeldistance=1.1, startangle=0, radius=1, counterclock=True, wedgeprops=None, textprops=None, center=(0, 0), frame=False, rotatelabels=False, *, normalize=True, data=None) |
參數(shù)介紹
| 參數(shù) | |
|---|---|
| x | 楔形尺寸 |
| explode | 類似數(shù)組,默認(rèn)值: 無,如果不是無,則是一個(gè)len(x)數(shù)組,用于指定偏移每個(gè)楔塊的半徑 |
| labels | 標(biāo)簽列表:默認(rèn)值：無,為每個(gè)楔塊提供標(biāo)簽的一系列字符串 |
| colors | 顏色,默認(rèn)值：無,餅圖循環(huán)使用的一系列顏色,如果沒有,將使用當(dāng)前活動(dòng)周期中的顏色 |
| autopct | 默認(rèn)值：無,如果不是無,則是一個(gè)字符串或函數(shù),用于用數(shù)字值標(biāo)記楔塊.標(biāo)簽將放在楔子內(nèi),如果是格式字符串,則標(biāo)簽為fmt%pct，如果是函數(shù)，則調(diào)用 |
| pctdistance | 默認(rèn)值為0.6，每個(gè)餅圖切片的中心與生成的文本開頭之間的比率 |
| shadow | 默認(rèn)值為:False,楔塊的陰影 |
| labeldistance | 默認(rèn)值1.1,繪制餅圖標(biāo)簽徑向距離,如果設(shè)置為’無’,則不會(huì)繪制標(biāo)簽,會(huì)存儲(chǔ)標(biāo)簽以供在圖列()中使用 |
| startangle | 餅圖角度起始角度 |
| radius | 默認(rèn)值1,餅圖的半徑,數(shù)值越大,餅圖越大 |
| counterclock | 設(shè)置餅圖的方向,默認(rèn)值為True，表示逆時(shí)針方向,False,為順時(shí)針 |
| wedgeprops | 默認(rèn)值:無,傳遞給楔形對(duì)象的參數(shù),設(shè)置楔形的屬性 |
| textprops | 設(shè)置文本對(duì)象的字典參數(shù) |
| center | 浮點(diǎn)類型的列表,可選參數(shù),圖標(biāo)中心位置 |
| frame | 是否選擇軸框架,默認(rèn)值為False,如果是True，則繪制帶有表的軸框架 |
| rotatelabels | 默認(rèn)值為False,布爾類型,如果為True，則將每個(gè)標(biāo)簽旋轉(zhuǎn)到相應(yīng)切片的角度 |
| narmalize | 布爾類型,默認(rèn)值為True，如果為True，則始終通過規(guī)范化x來制作完整的餅圖，使總和（x）=1。如果sum（x）<=1，F(xiàn)alse將生成部分餅圖，并為sum（x）>1引發(fā)ValueError。 |
| data | 可選參數(shù),如果給定,一下參數(shù)接受字符串s,該字符串被解釋為數(shù)據(jù)[s] |
案例
x
1 2 3 4 5 | import numpy as npimport maplotlib.pyplot as pltx = [1, 2, 3, 4]plt.pie(x)plt.show() |
explode
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsex = [1, 2, 3, 4]plt.subplot(121)plt.title('正常')plt.pie(x)plt.subplot(122)plt.title('添加explode')plt.pie(x,explode=[0.1,0.2,0.1,0.2])plt.show() |
labels,labeldistance
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsex = [15, 30, 45, 10]plt.subplot(131)plt.title('正常')plt.pie(x)plt.subplot(132)plt.title('添加labels')plt.pie(x,labels=['x1','y1','x2','y2'])# labeldistance默認(rèn)為是1.1plt.subplot(133)plt.title('添加labels和labeldistance')plt.pie(x,labels=['x1','y1','x2','y2'],labeldistance=1.2)plt.show() |
colors
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsex = [1, 2, 3, 4]plt.subplot(121)plt.title('正常')plt.pie(x)# 顏色參數(shù)必須保持和x長(zhǎng)度一樣plt.subplot(122)colors = plt.get_cmap('Blues')(np.linspace(0.2,0.7,len(x)))print(colors)plt.title('添加colors')plt.pie(x,colors=colors)plt.show() |
autopct
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsex = [1, 2, 3, 4]plt.subplot(131)plt.title('正常')plt.pie(x)plt.subplot(132)plt.title('添加autopct為1.1f')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%')plt.subplot(133)plt.title('添加autopct為10.1f')plt.pie(x,autopct='%10.1f%%')plt.show() |
pctdistance
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.figsize=((10,8))plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsex = [1, 2, 3, 4]plt.subplot(131)plt.title('正常')plt.pie(x)plt.subplot(132)plt.title('添加pctdistance默認(rèn)值0.6')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%',pctdistance=0.6)plt.subplot(133)plt.title('添加pctdistance值1.5')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%',pctdistance=0.8)plt.show() |
pctdistance和autopct設(shè)置都可以偏移百分比,一個(gè)是同方向偏移,一個(gè)是距中心點(diǎn)位置
shadow
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsex = [15, 30, 45, 10]plt.subplot(121)plt.title('正常')plt.pie(x)plt.subplot(122)plt.title('添加shadow')plt.pie(x,explode=(0,0,0.1,0),shadow=True)plt.show() |
startangle
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsex = [15, 30, 45, 10]plt.subplot(121)plt.title('正常')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%')# 起始角度設(shè)置plt.subplot(122)plt.title('設(shè)置startangle=90')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%',startangle=90)plt.show() |
radius
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsex = [15, 30, 45, 10]plt.subplot(121)plt.title('正常')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%')plt.subplot(122)plt.title('設(shè)置radius=0.9')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%',radius=0.9)plt.show() |
counterclock
counterclock=False，設(shè)置餅圖方向?yàn)槟娣较?/p>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsex = [15, 30, 45, 10]plt.subplot(121)plt.title('正常')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%')plt.subplot(122)plt.title('設(shè)置counterclock=False')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%',counterclock=False)plt.show() |
wedgeprops
設(shè)置楔形的屬性
wedgeprops傳入字典類型,width設(shè)置,可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榄h(huán)形圖,edgecolor設(shè)置其環(huán)形邊緣顏色
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsex = [15, 30, 45, 10]plt.subplot(121)plt.title('正常')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%')plt.subplot(122)plt.title('設(shè)置wedgeprops楔形的屬性')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%',wedgeprops=dict(width=0.3, edgecolor='blue'))plt.show() |
textprops,center,frame
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=Falsex = [15, 30, 45, 10]plt.subplot(131)plt.title('正常')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%')plt.subplot(132)plt.title('設(shè)置textprops,center=1.1,frame')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%',textprops={'size': 'larger'},center=(1,1),frame=True)plt.subplot(133)plt.title('設(shè)置textprops,center=2.2,frame')plt.pie(x,autopct='%1.1f%%',textprops={'size': 'x-large'},center=(2,2),frame=True)plt.show() |
rotatelabels,normalize
這里不多介紹,可根據(jù)上述自己檢驗(yàn),很少被用到
舉例
1.取餅圖一部分楔形,添加colorbar
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 | import matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib.patches import ConnectionPatchimport numpy as npfig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(9, 5))fig.subplots_adjust(wspace=0)ratios = [.27, .56, .17]labels = ['Approve', 'Disapprove', 'Undecided']explode = [0.1, 0, 0]angle = -180 * ratios[0]ax1.pie(ratios, autopct='%1.1f%%', startangle=angle, labels=labels, explode=explode)xpos = 0bottom = 0ratios = [.33, .54, .07, .06]width = .2colors = [[.1, .3, .5], [.1, .3, .3], [.1, .3, .7], [.1, .3, .9]]for j in range(len(ratios)): height = ratios[j] ax2.bar(xpos, height, width, bottom=bottom, color=colors[j]) ypos = bottom + ax2.patches[j].get_height() / 2 bottom += height ax2.text(xpos, ypos, "%d%%" % (ax2.patches[j].get_height() * 100), ha='center')ax2.set_title('Age of approvers')ax2.legend(('50-65', 'Over 65', '35-49', 'Under 35'))ax2.axis('off')ax2.set_xlim(- 2.5 * width, 2.5 * width)theta1, theta2 = ax1.patches[0].theta1, ax1.patches[0].theta2center, r = ax1.patches[0].center, ax1.patches[0].rbar_height = sum([item.get_height() for item in ax2.patches])# draw top connecting linex = r * np.cos(np.pi / 180 * theta2) + center[0]y = r * np.sin(np.pi / 180 * theta2) + center[1]con = ConnectionPatch(xyA=(-width / 2, bar_height), coordsA=ax2.transData, xyB=(x, y), coordsB=ax1.transData)con.set_color([0, 0, 0])con.set_linewidth(4)ax2.add_artist(con)# draw bottom connecting linex = r * np.cos(np.pi / 180 * theta1) + center[0]y = r * np.sin(np.pi / 180 * theta1) + center[1]con = ConnectionPatch(xyA=(-width / 2, 0), coordsA=ax2.transData, xyB=(x, y), coordsB=ax1.transData)con.set_color([0, 0, 0])ax2.add_artist(con)con.set_linewidth(4)plt.show() |
2.環(huán)形圖
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfig, ax = plt.subplots()size = 0.3vals = np.array([[60., 32.], [37., 40.], [29., 10.]])cmap = plt.cm.Set1outer_colors = cmap(np.arange(3)*4)inner_colors = cmap([1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10])ax.pie(vals.sum(axis=1), radius=1, colors=outer_colors, wedgeprops=dict(width=size, edgecolor='w'))ax.pie(vals.flatten(), radius=1-size, colors=inner_colors, wedgeprops=dict(width=size, edgecolor='w'))ax.set(aspect="equal", title='Pie plot with `ax.pie`')plt.show() |
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