中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧點(diǎn)撥 細(xì)節(jié)理解題閱讀指導(dǎo)
閱讀理解是中考的必考題型，因?yàn)樗苋婵焖俚胤从吵鰧W(xué)生的英語水平。閱讀理解題型有很多種，但從命題角度來看，通?？梢苑譃樗姆N：即事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題、推理判斷題、猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。
事實(shí)理解題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)與具體事實(shí)的把握能力，內(nèi)容涉及詢問事實(shí)、原因、結(jié)果和目的等，屬于淺層次的理解題，難度較低。同學(xué)們需要在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息，然后遵循由整體到細(xì)節(jié)的原則，把握作者的思路，按全文—段落—詞語的步驟來解題。
一、命題特點(diǎn)
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的考點(diǎn)非常明確，主要有以下幾處：
1、列舉信息處?？?。
文章中first…second, to begin with, in addition, on one hand, on the other hand等并列關(guān)系出現(xiàn)的地方，常會(huì)要求考生從所列的內(nèi)容中，選擇符合題干要求的選項(xiàng)。
2、舉列與打比方之處常考。
考生要對(duì)那些引出例子或比喻的標(biāo)志詞，如as, such as, for example, for instance等加以注意，因?yàn)檫@些詞是作者為使自己的觀點(diǎn)更具說服力而用來引出具體事例的，這些事例就是?？嫉募?xì)節(jié)處。
3、指示代詞出現(xiàn)處?？肌?div style="height:15px;">
這類考題常用來考查學(xué)生是否真正了解上下文句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
4、引用人物論斷處?？?。
作者為正確表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)或使論點(diǎn)更有依據(jù)，常會(huì)引用某些權(quán)威人士的論斷或采納其重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
5、特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容?？?。
因?yàn)樘厥鈽?biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容往往是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步解釋或說明，同學(xué)們注意到這些標(biāo)點(diǎn)，也就注意到了細(xì)節(jié)。這些特殊符號(hào)包括表示解釋的破折號(hào)、括號(hào)和冒號(hào)以及表示引用的引號(hào)等。
另外，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的選項(xiàng)也很有特點(diǎn)：通常正確答案不是照搬的原文；干擾選項(xiàng)則正好相反，有的來自原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容 ；有的符合常識(shí)，但不符合原文內(nèi)容；有的與原句內(nèi)容極為相似,只是在程度上有些變動(dòng)；有的與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；也有的是部分正確或部分錯(cuò)誤。
二、解題方法
1. 跳讀查找法。
這個(gè)方法的要點(diǎn)在于先看題干，帶著問題讀文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how 提問的問題，可以從文章中直接找到答案。同學(xué)們做這類題時(shí)可以邊讀邊做記號(hào)，能加強(qiáng)閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高做題的準(zhǔn)確率，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，這是做事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題最基本也是最常用的方法。一般來說，細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查考生對(duì)某句話或某幾句話的理解，同學(xué)們?nèi)裟芨鶕?jù)題干內(nèi)容從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析，便可確定最佳答案。
另外，運(yùn)用跳讀查找法解題時(shí)，同學(xué)們要特別注意試題以及選項(xiàng)與原文之間的適當(dāng)變換。根據(jù)近幾年的中考題情況來看，很少有直接用原文中的句子進(jìn)行考查和測(cè)試的，通常要進(jìn)行一定的處理，而這種“處理”主要就是進(jìn)行語義轉(zhuǎn)換，其中包括同義變換、概念解析、歸納事實(shí)等。
例：2011年湖北黃岡卷
I had the meanest (最刻薄的) mother in the whole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich. But at least I wasn’t alone when I was sad. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.
（ ）1. How many children does the writer’s mother have?
A. Four. B. Two. C. Three. D. Six.
2. 排除法
排序題也屬于事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的一種題型，它通常出現(xiàn)在說明文中。這類文章有明顯的信息詞，如first, to begin with, after that, afterwards, later, next, second, third, then, finally等。按照信息詞的提示閱讀，可以加快理解的進(jìn)程。在做細(xì)節(jié)排序題時(shí)，首先要確定首或尾的答案，通常四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中會(huì)有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)的順序類似，正確答案往往在這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇，找到兩者的不同之處，回到原文，進(jìn)行核對(duì)，一旦確定，后面的排序就不用再比較了。
例：2011年天津卷
A topiary gardener should make a drawing first. The drawing shows the final shape that the gardener likes. The gardener then chooses a bush for the topiary. It may be one that just planted or one that is already in place.
In June of the plant’s first year, the gardener looks for new leaves. When the leaves grow, it’s time to shape (給……造型) the bottom of the bush. It needs about five years. The top is not trimmed during this time. In the fifth year, the bush grows tall enough for shaping. Then the gardener begins to shape the whole bush.
（ ）2. Put the following in the right order according to the passage.
a. The gardener chooses a bush for the topiary.
b. The whole bush grows tall enough for shaping.
c. The gardener begins to shape the bottom of the bush.
d. The gardener draws the shape of a topiary.
A. d→a→b→c B. b→c→a→d C. a→d→c→b D. d→a→c→b
3. 簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算法
數(shù)字計(jì)算題也是事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的一種，要求對(duì)文章中提到的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的加減乘除運(yùn)算，以便得出符合題目要求的數(shù)據(jù)。解答這類題目時(shí)，考生首先要弄清題干的要求是什么，然后找到與它相關(guān)的數(shù)字，再對(duì)它們進(jìn)行分析、整合，最后計(jì)算出正確答案。
例：2011年上海卷
When we cut down the rainforests, we destroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were 1,000,000 forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000.
（ ）3. The number of the people living in the Amazon forest in 1980 was ________of that in 1900.
A. half B. one-third C. two-fifths D. one-fifth
細(xì)節(jié)題占閱讀理解的比例很大，閱讀時(shí)要特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
第一，閱讀時(shí)，利用這類關(guān)鍵詞和詞組that is to say, above all, especially, mainly等，把握文章的思路和脈絡(luò)。另外在問題的選項(xiàng)中表示絕對(duì)意義的詞first （第一），least （最不），always （總是），never（永不），all（所有），none（一個(gè)也不），any（任何） 和表示唯一性的詞匯only（只有） , just（僅僅），往往是命題的陷阱，因此要多加注意。
第二，閱讀時(shí)，必須以原文提供的事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)和邏輯關(guān)系為依據(jù)，切忌把自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法與原文或作者的觀點(diǎn)、看法混為一談。
第三，文章中的數(shù)字、日期、時(shí)間都是設(shè)題的重點(diǎn)，此類題目很少是文章中表層出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字或日期，通常需要做簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算。
閱讀能力的提高非一朝之功，需要一個(gè)過程。同學(xué)們應(yīng)該持之以恒，進(jìn)行有計(jì)劃、有目的的閱讀實(shí)踐，提高閱讀能力。
文化類閱讀真題練習(xí)與解析
（2011年 福建廈門）
Most have heard of the American Prom. This is the senior students’ school leaving party. The British name for the event is a Leavers’ Ball or Leavers’ Dinner, although some UK schools call them Proms, too. In Canada , Ireland and Australia the terms “Grad” or “Formal” are most common and in South Africa it is called a Matric Dance.
Some Matric Dances in South Africa still follow the old British traditions. Before the dance, pupils are given lessons in dancing. School leavers invite a partner to the dance. The girls have dresses especially made for the event. To save costs, the dance is often held in the school hall.
American Proms have become elaborate (精心的) and expensive, complete with luxury hotel ballrooms, live bands and expensive prom dresses. They now include after-Prom activities that often extend into the early morning of the next day.
The Levers’ Ball in the UK is not so formal. The girls also wear ball gowns and the boys, suits. A dinner and disco will be held at a local hotel. Each pupil buys a ticket and can go with a partner or just arrive with friends.
（ ）4. We learn from this passage that the Prom is a _____.
A. test B. game C. party
（ ）5. In Australia, people call “Prom” _____.
A. Leavers’ Ball B. Grad or Formal C. Matric Dance
（ ）6. The most important activity in the Prom is _____.
A. dancing B. eating C. meeting
（ ）7. The Matric Dance is often held in the _____.
A. school hall B. hotel ballroom C. local restaurant
（ ）8. According to this passage, the event in _____ costs the most.
A. the United States B. the UK C. South Africa
【參考答案與解析】
1. A。題干的特殊疑問詞是how many，文章沒有直接點(diǎn)明有幾個(gè)孩子，但是鎖定文章第一段的最后一句My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did，便可得知作者有一個(gè)姐妹和兩個(gè)兄弟，最后還要記得把作者計(jì)算在內(nèi)，這也是很多學(xué)生解題時(shí)容易忽略的地方，故答案為A。
2. D。從第一段的第一句話make a drawing first，確定d排在首，因此排除B、C選項(xiàng)，將答案鎖定在A和D中。由兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，確定b、c的先后順序?yàn)殛P(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，由第二段第2句和第5句話，可確定c在前，所以答案為D。
3. D。由文章可知，1900年時(shí)在亞馬遜森林的人的數(shù)量是1,000,000，而1980年人數(shù)僅為200,000，200,000是1,000,000的1/5，所以答案為D。
文化類閱讀真題練習(xí)與解析
本文主要介紹了目前在一些西方國(guó)家流行的畢業(yè)聚會(huì)“Prom”,同時(shí)講述了這一形式在不同國(guó)家的具體做法。
4. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1段第2句“This is the senior students’ school leaving party.”可知正確答案為C。
5. B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1段第4句“In Canada, Ireland and Australia the terms Grad
or Formal are most common”可知，正確答案為B。
6. A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第2段第2句Before the dance以及第3句School leavers invite a partner to the dance，以及文中“dance”一詞的反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，可知跳舞是最重要的活動(dòng)，所以正確答案為A。
7. A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。整個(gè)第2段都是對(duì)Matric Dance的介紹，根據(jù)這段最后一句To save costs, the dance is often held in the school hall.可知，正確答案為A。
8. A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第3段第1句“American Proms have become elaborate and expensive, complete with luxury hotel ballrooms, live bands and expensive prom dresses.” 可推斷出，美國(guó)的畢業(yè)聚會(huì)花費(fèi)最多，所以正確答案為A。閱讀題材盤點(diǎn)與解題策略（A）
閱讀能力是英語考試的重要內(nèi)容，也是運(yùn)用英語的主要能力之一。因此掌握閱讀技巧很重要。英語文章的題材范圍很廣，應(yīng)該運(yùn)用哪些閱讀策略來解題呢？下面我們就重點(diǎn)解析一下中考中常見的七類題材，即：故事類、校園類、歷史傳記類、文化類、科普環(huán)保類、時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)類以及應(yīng)用文類。
故事類
從目前全國(guó)各省市中考英語閱讀理解來看，故事性文體占多數(shù)，也是中考的主要得分點(diǎn)。故事類文章又可細(xì)分為情感故事、哲理故事、幽默故事和勵(lì)志故事四類。目前在中考中，這四類故事都是比較常見的。
故事類文章與人物傳記有所不同，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生發(fā)展或結(jié)局，有人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和事件，主要以敘事為主。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的態(tài)度及意圖、故事的前因和后果的推測(cè)等方面著手，考查學(xué)生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。
【閱讀策略】
1.預(yù)測(cè)(Predicting)：閱讀全文之前，先掠讀文章標(biāo)題，特殊字體（斜體，加黑，加粗等）、特殊符號(hào)、插圖、圖表等，以獲取文章線索，對(duì)作者要說的話題有大概了解。
2.速讀(Fast reading)：閱讀時(shí)要注意將注意力集中在文章大意上，不要拘泥于個(gè)別不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞。同時(shí)還要抓住細(xì)節(jié)，設(shè)身處地根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容揣摩作者的態(tài)度和意圖，根據(jù)情節(jié)展開想象，即使是碰到深層理解題也可迎刃而解。
故事類閱讀真題解析——（2011江蘇·南京）
Elena jogged with her dad in some empty lots (小塊地) at the edge of town. These out-of-the-way lots were good places to jog. But the lots were full of rocks and rubbish.
One day, Elena saw a sign on the lots. It said, “New City Park.” Elena was excited. Maybe the park would have a jogging trail!
Elena told her parents about the sign.
“I read about the park in the newspaper,” said Elena’s father. “The city wants volunteers to help clean the area. Then the city will build a soccer field and a playground.”
“Will they build a jogging trail?” Elena asked.
“No, the paper didn’t mention a jogging trail.”
“Well, perhaps if I help clean up the lots, they’ll put in a jogging trail,” said Elena.
On Saturday Elena went to the lots. Many adults were working there. Some were picking up rubbish. Some were moving rocks.
“I want to volunteer,”Elena told a man. “What can I do?”
“This is not a job for children,” said the man. “You’d better go home.”
Elena looked around. She could carry rubbish. She could move rocks. A lady was pulling a bag of rubbish. Elena saw a box of rubbish bags. She took an empty bag.
“I’ll take the bag to the Dumpster,” said Elena. “Here’s a new bag.”
“Thanks,” said the lady. “Keep those new bags coming.”
Elena dragged rubbish bags. She told everyone she was glad to help build the park. She explained that she hoped the park would have a jogging trail.
Elena went to the area every week. Soon everyone knew her and she told everyone how wonderful a jogging trail would be.
Soon the volunteers cleared the lots. The city could start building. The mayor (市長(zhǎng)) gave a speech. He showed a drawing of the new park. He told them about the soccer field and the baseball diamond. There would be picnic tables. There would be a playground. The park would even have basketball courts. There was no sign of a jogging trail.
The mayor thanked the volunteers. Then he asked if they had any suggestions. The volunteers said they wanted to build a jogging trail around the park.
They told the mayor how helpful Elena had been and how she wanted a jogging trail. The mayor said, “A jogging trail won’t be hard to build. Let’s do it!”
Everyone clapped and cheered. Elena cheered loudest of all.
（ ）1. How did Elena feel at the beginning of the story?
A. Happy and proud. B. Sad and shy.
C. Excited and hopeful. D. Unhappy and disappointed.
（ ）2. How did Elena know the city needed volunteers to help clean the lots?
A. Her father told her about it. B. She read it in the newspaper.
C. She learned it from a sign. D. She was told by other volunteers.
（ ）3. Why did Elena want to help clean the lots?
A. She wanted to play on the playground.
B. She wanted her name in the newspaper.
C. She wanted to work with other volunteers.
D. She wanted the city to build a jogging trail.
（ ）4. Why did the volunteers tell the mayor they wanted to build a jogging trail?
A. They needed a park to jog around.
B. They wanted to thank Elena for her help.
C. They thought it was a good place for jogging.
D. They hoped the mayor could jog with them every day.
（ ）5. What can be the best title for the story?
A. Elena and a Mayor. B. Elena and New City Park.
C. Elena and Some Volunteers. D. Elena and a Jogging Trail.
參考答案與解析：
本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述Elena每周去他們小鎮(zhèn)邊上的一個(gè)荒蕪的地區(qū)做志愿者，認(rèn)真地清理垃圾、撿石子等，她這樣做是希望在那兒建一條慢跑小道，最后市長(zhǎng)幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)了Elena的愿望。
1. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2段第3、4句Elena was excited. Maybe the park would have a jogging trail! 可知，Elena既興奮又充滿希望，故選C。
2. A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第4段的內(nèi)容可知，Elena知道這個(gè)消息，是爸爸告訴她的，故選A。
3. D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第7段 …if I help clean up the lots, they’ll put in a jogging trail可知，Elena希望在那里建一條慢跑小道，故選D。
4. B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第2段第1句They told the mayor how helpful Elena had been and how she wanted a jogging trail.可知，志愿者們告訴市長(zhǎng)Elena在清理垃圾時(shí)幫了很大的忙，她的愿望是建一條慢跑小道，故選B。
5. D。主旨大意題。本篇短文主要講述了Elena是如何幫助志愿者并實(shí)現(xiàn)建慢跑小道的愿望的，故選D。
校園類
校園類的文章一般指與青少年相關(guān)的文章。這些文章通常涉及學(xué)校生活、家庭生活、交友與休閑、學(xué)習(xí)中遇到的困難或挫折等。此類文章的特點(diǎn)是貼近學(xué)生實(shí)際、貼近生活，而且內(nèi)容和詞匯相對(duì)容易。
校園內(nèi)外類的文章也可以從體裁上細(xì)分為兩類：一類是記敘文，主要用來敘述發(fā)生在青少年身邊的某件事以及此事對(duì)他/她的影響。這類文章因?yàn)槭怯涗浺呀?jīng)發(fā)生的事，常用過去時(shí)態(tài)。另一類則是說明文，主要用平實(shí)的語言客觀地解釋或探討某些問題，如：學(xué)習(xí)方法、記憶問題、睡眠、學(xué)校規(guī)章制度、急救措施等。說明文類的文章時(shí)態(tài)相對(duì)較為統(tǒng)一，多用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
【閱讀策略】
1.辨讀(Identifying)：通過閱讀，明確文章的要點(diǎn)，了解作者圍繞文章話題所表達(dá)的若干主要觀點(diǎn)。
2.猜測(cè)（Guessing）：通過文章上下文提供的語境線索和構(gòu)詞知識(shí)來解讀生詞詞義。
青少年生活類閱讀理解真題解析——（2011年 廣西·桂林）
Being able to multitaskdoing several things at the same time — is considered (考慮，認(rèn)為) a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.
What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle a larger number of electronic devices (電子產(chǎn)品) as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a large amount of time in fruitless efforts (努力) as they multitask.
Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people give so much attention to their own worlds, they seem to have no time to spend with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table.
Multitasking also has an effect (影響) on young people’s performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinions of the effects of modern gadgets (器具) on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive (肯定的) response (回應(yīng)). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers (雇主) feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary (沒必要) for them to learn special skills to do their work.
（ ）6. What does the underlined word “juggle” most probably mean?
A. Want to buy. B. Use at the same time.
C. Take the place of. D. Search information from.
（ ）7. In Paragraph 3, the author points out that _____.
A. family members do not greet each other
B. family members do not eat at the family table
C. young people get on well with their families
D. young people hardly communicate with their family members
（ ）8. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. Young people must learn skills for future jobs.
B. Young people benefit (獲益) a lot from modern gadgets.
C. Multitasking is an important skill to young people.
D. Multitasking influences young people’s development seriously.
（ ）9. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Young people think multitasking is good for their study and work.
B. Employers consider it unnecessary for young people to be taught all over again.
C. Educators feel that young people don’t need to improve their study skills.
D. People from the world of education believe multitasking has a good effect on children’s later study skills.
（ ）10. The author develops (闡述) the passage mainly by__________.
A. providing special examples
B. following the natural time order
C. giving out a cause and analyzing (分析) its effects
D. comparing opinions from different worlds
參考答案與解析：
本文揭示了當(dāng)今電子產(chǎn)品繁榮所帶來的嚴(yán)重后果之一：年輕人普遍趨向在同一時(shí)間使用多種電子產(chǎn)品，執(zhí)行多重任務(wù)。教育專家和行業(yè)主管人士對(duì)此的看法如出一轍，認(rèn)為這會(huì)導(dǎo)致年輕人只沉湎于自己的世界，不利于孩子們與其他人交流，也不利于后天學(xué)習(xí)能力和職場(chǎng)技能的培養(yǎng)。
6. B。詞義猜測(cè)題。由第2段While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out e-mails, answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods.可以猜測(cè)到，該段首句是表明年輕人同時(shí)使用多種電子產(chǎn)品。
7. D。推理判斷題。從第3段第第2句...they seem to have no time to spend with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table. 具體闡述了年輕人是如何沉浸在自己的世界，可見他們與家人間幾乎沒有交流。
8. D。主旨大意題。文章末段引用教育專家和行業(yè)主管人士的看法，認(rèn)為使用多種電子產(chǎn)品，執(zhí)行多重任務(wù)會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響青少年后天的學(xué)習(xí)能力和職場(chǎng)技能的培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展。
9. A。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。在文章第一段提到“年輕人很喜歡能夠同時(shí)執(zhí)行多重任務(wù)這一技能”，在文章最后一段的第三行，當(dāng)問及電子產(chǎn)品對(duì)執(zhí)行任務(wù)的影響時(shí)，many young people gave a positive response.這兩個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)分別照應(yīng)了A選項(xiàng)。
10. C。綜合判斷題。本文先揭示了當(dāng)今電子產(chǎn)品繁榮所帶來的嚴(yán)重后果之一：年輕人經(jīng)常在同一時(shí)間使用多種電子產(chǎn)品，執(zhí)行多重任務(wù)；后引用教育專家和行業(yè)主管人士的看法，分析指出這一事實(shí)對(duì)于年輕人后天學(xué)習(xí)能力的培養(yǎng)造成嚴(yán)重的影響。閱讀題材盤點(diǎn)與解題策略（B）
閱讀能力是英語考試的重要內(nèi)容，也是運(yùn)用英語的主要能力之一。因此掌握閱讀技巧很重要。英語文章的題材范圍很廣，應(yīng)該運(yùn)用哪些閱讀策略來解題呢？下面我們就重點(diǎn)解析一下中考中常見的七類題材，即：故事類、校園類、歷史傳記類、文化類、科普環(huán)保類、時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)類以及應(yīng)用文類。
歷史傳記類
近年來，歷史傳記類文章在中考閱讀理解中所占的比例有所減少，但仍是中考常考的題材之一。歷史傳記類文章一般可分為人物傳記和歷史事件兩類。人物傳記主要涉及名人的生平事跡、趣聞?shì)W事、生活背景、個(gè)性特征、成長(zhǎng)和奮斗歷程等。其特征是內(nèi)容真實(shí)，語言簡(jiǎn)潔。而歷史事件則主要記敘某一重大的歷史事件或過去發(fā)生的某一件事。
歷史傳記類閱讀文章是以時(shí)間的先后或事情的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡(luò)清楚，可讀性較強(qiáng)。因此閱讀這類文章時(shí)應(yīng)該抓住時(shí)間線索來獲取有關(guān)信息，即主人公在某個(gè)時(shí)間在做什么，然后通過分析推理或綜合歸納的方法進(jìn)行解題。語言特點(diǎn)一般以過去時(shí)為主，合理使用豐富多彩的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。
【閱讀策略】
1.排序(Sequencing)：對(duì)閱讀材料展示的情節(jié)理順排序?？梢园磿r(shí)間先后、人物出場(chǎng)先后、因果關(guān)系或情節(jié)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)等順序來排序。
2.推論(Drawing conclusions)：閱讀完畢后，對(duì)文章中的信息進(jìn)行過濾，根據(jù)相關(guān)信息如情節(jié)發(fā)展、人物個(gè)性等推斷出結(jié)論。
人物歷史傳記類真題解析——（2011年 廣東·廣州）
Frankenstein is one of the world’s most famous horror stories. It’s about a doctor who creates a new man from the body parts of dead people and brings it to life. But the experiment goes wrong and the monster kills the doctor and many others. The story has been read by millions since it was first published and in the last hundred years it has been made into dozens of movies. Many people are surprised to learn its writer was a 19-year-old woman, called Mary Shelley.
Mary was born into a rich London family in August 1797. She was educated by her parents and when she was 13 she decided to become a writer. In 1812, she met the famous writer Percy Shelley and they soon got married. Sadly for Mary, their first child died soon after birth in Italy. In her diary, Mary wrote about a dream, “I dreamt that my little baby came to life again – that it had only been cold and that we rubbed it before the fire and it lived.”
In 1816, Percy Shelley and 19-year-old Mary visited the poet Lord Byron at his home in Switzerland. Because of the bad weather they stayed indoors reading horror stories. One night, Byron asked everyone to write their own story. Mary thought of her dream and wrote the story Frankenstein.
Frankenstein was published when Mary was 21, and became a huge success. Many people didn’t think a 19-year-old woman could write so well and believed her husband was the real writer.
Although famous, Shelley’s life was full of sadness. Only one of her four children lived and in 1822 her husband died in a swimming accident. Mary was broken-hearted and decided not to marry again. She devoted herself to her child and continued to write until her death in 1851.
（ ）11. What do we know about the story Frankenstein?
A. It was really written by Mary Shelley’s husband.
B. It has been read by millions of people.
C. It was written to remember Shelley’s husband.
D. It is the most famous story in the world.
（ ）12. Where was Mary Shelley when she wrote the story Frankenstein?
A. In England. B. In Italy. C. In Switzerland. D. In France.
（ ）13. In which order do the following events take place?
a. Bad weather made everyone stay indoors reading horror stories.
b. The story Frankenstein was first published.
c. Mary wrote about a dream in her diary.
d. Mary met the famous writer Percy Shelley.
e. Movies based on the story of Frankenstein were made.
A. a,c,b,e,d B. d,c,a,b,e C. c,a,b,d,e D. b,a,d,c,e
（ ）14. How old was Mary Shelley when she died?
A. 43 B. 48 C. 51 D. 54
（ ）15. What can we learn about Mary Shelley from this passage?
A. She experienced a lot of sadness in her life.
B. She wasn’t considered a good writer during her life.
C. She was educated at her local school.
D. She became very rich because of the story Frankenstein.
文化類
文化類文章近年來在中考中的比重呈增加的趨勢(shì)。題材涉及歷史地理、傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗、價(jià)值觀念和生活方式等。體裁以說明文為主，包含部分議論文和少量記敘文，側(cè)重考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力。
由于文化類文章以說明文為主，大多數(shù)文章有清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)，主題句鮮明，一般在第一自然段中就會(huì)簡(jiǎn)要說明文章的主要內(nèi)容，有一些文章還會(huì)采用小標(biāo)題的方式對(duì)每個(gè)自然段進(jìn)行概括。因此閱讀時(shí)，同學(xué)們要抓住主題段或主題句，領(lǐng)會(huì)文章主旨。
【閱讀策略】
記筆記(Note-taking)：同學(xué)們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)，可以邊閱讀邊記錄或勾畫出文章中的重要信息,如主題段或主題句、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等。
文化類閱讀模擬訓(xùn)練
What is your zodiac (生肖) animal? According to the Chinese lunar calendar (農(nóng)歷), 12 animals mark 12 different years. It is the basis of the Chinese zodiac. Nowadays, Chinese zodiac animals have worldwide fame and are increasingly popular among western people.
The zodiac is an important part of Chinese culture. People believe that the characteristics (特點(diǎn)) of a zodiac animal influence the personality of every person born in that year. For example, people born in the Year of the Tiger are considered powerful and brave.
Zodiac animals also have some social functions. When people think it is not proper to ask: “How old are you”, they may change their question to “What is your zodiac animal?” With this question, you can figure out roughly which year someone was born and the person’s age.
Zodiac animals are not special to China. Many countries share a similar zodiac culture with China. For example, in the Japanese zodiac, a wild boar (野豬) takes the place of a pig and the Vietnamese (越南的) zodiac has a cat instead of a rabbit.
But have you ever wondered how these 12 animals were chosen to represent each year? According to legend, the Jade Emperor (玉皇大帝) invited all the animals to join him for Chinese New Year. Only 12 animals went to see him. As a reward he named a year after each one in the order they arrived. The ox would have been the first to arrive, but the rat sat on his back and jumped off just before they arrived to come in first place.
（ ）16. The characteristics of a zodiac animal may influence the ___________ of every person born in that year.
A. appearance B. personality C. hobby D. education
（ ）17. “What’s your zodiac animal?” is a question used to find a person’s __________.
A. age B. name C. job D. weight
（ ）18. In the Japanese zodiac, we don’t see the zodiac animal: _____________.
A. wild boar B. rabbit C. dragon D. pig
（ ）19. According to the last paragraph, we know that _____ was the first animal to arrive.
A. ox B. rat C. pig D. cat
（ ）20. The best title for this passage is _____________.
A. The story of the Chinese zodiac B. The story of zodiac animals
C. The story of the Jade Emperor D. The story of people’s birthdays
科普環(huán)保類
科普環(huán)保類文章常是介紹科學(xué)知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)和環(huán)境保護(hù)方面的短文。閱讀此類短文要以現(xiàn)象或事物為中心進(jìn)行思考，理解現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因、條件和客觀規(guī)律等。同時(shí)要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互關(guān)系等。
科普環(huán)保類文章一般為說明文，從結(jié)構(gòu)上看大致可分為三個(gè)部分：第一部分一般是文章的首段，主要用來提出文章的主題，即文章想要闡述、說明的主要內(nèi)容；第二部分是文章的主體，可由若干個(gè)段落組成，對(duì)文章的主題進(jìn)行展開說明；第三部分是結(jié)尾段，對(duì)文章的主題進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。這類文章多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而且一般多使用客觀性詞語表述。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀性，也常使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
從近幾年的中考來看，科普環(huán)保類的文章越來越與人們的實(shí)際生活相接近。由于此類文章缺乏故事情節(jié)，很多同學(xué)對(duì)此類文章感到費(fèi)解。但一般的科普類文章都是就事論事，需要邏輯推理和想象的時(shí)候較少，因此此類閱讀題也沒有同學(xué)們想象中的那么難，只要多加訓(xùn)練，就能較好地答題。
【閱讀策略】
1. 概要(Summarizing)：閱完材料后，將所閱材料濃縮，摘要，做出所閱材料的書面或口頭梗概。
2. 組織(Organization)：閱讀后根據(jù)閱讀內(nèi)容，識(shí)別觀點(diǎn)、人物、事件之間的關(guān)系以及文章的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。如：時(shí)間關(guān)系、比較或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系、相關(guān)關(guān)系及因果關(guān)系等。
科普環(huán)保類閱讀真題解析——（2011年 山東·煙臺(tái)）
As space science develops, man has learned more and more about space. Space is not only amazing but also dangerous. While working in space, spacemen are facing danger as well as success.
Scientists have found out that the radiation (輻射) is the greatest danger to spacemen in space. When spacemen are working in space, they are in danger of the radiation from the sun and other stars, which is bad for their health. The harm of the radiation won’t be found until their children even grandchildren are born. Some special medicine may work a little, but no really effective medicine has been found so far.
Space rubbish is also thought to be a great danger to spacemen. It’s reported that there were 9,000 man-made things flying in space. About 30% of these are satellites, 10% are spaceships, and the rest are space rubbish. An explosion (爆炸) in space in 1999 made a cloud of 300,000 fragments, each at least 4mm in size. A small piece of these even knocked a spaceship window and caused some damage (損壞).
Scientists are watching and reporting any possible danger all the time. They are working to deal with space rubbish. Although space is really dangerous, it interests many people on the earth. In the near future, it may become possible for people to spend a few days in a space hotel. We may even choose to leave the earth and live in space in a few years. So we should do something to help improve the space environment.
（ ）21. ______ shows the man-made things in space in the correct way.
A. B. C. D.
（ ）22. The radiation from the sun and other stars is ______ to spacemen.
A. good B. helpful C. useful D. harmful
（ ）23. The underlined word “fragments” means “______”.
A. 碎片 B. 泡沫 C. 煙霧 D. 飛碟
（ ）24. The passage talks about ______ kinds of danger in space.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
（ ）25. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Scientists have found out ways to solve any problem in space.
B. Every one of us can have a travel to space in ten years.
C. The harm of the radiation may be found in the spacemen’s children.
D. Space is really dangerous, so it doesn’t interest anyone on the earth.
參考答案與解析：
本文是一篇人物傳記，主要記敘了世界最暢銷的恐怖小說《弗蘭肯斯坦》的作者瑪麗·雪萊的生平。
11. B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1段第4句The story has been read by millions since it was first published.可知，原文中的millions就是指“數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人”，即選B。
12. C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第3段第1句…Mary visited the poet Lord Byron at his home in Switzerland.可知拜倫家在Switzerland (瑞士)， 后來又因?yàn)樘鞖獠缓?，就一直住在那里。根?jù)第3段第3句Byron... write their own story，于是Mary創(chuàng)作了這部小說。綜合這一切，小說應(yīng)該創(chuàng)作于Byron位于Switzerland的家，選C。
13. B。推理判斷題。人物傳記常常按照時(shí)間順序構(gòu)成文章。根據(jù)第2段第3句In 1812, she met the famous writer Percy Shelley and they soon got married. (d項(xiàng))、 第2段第5句In her diary, Mary wrote about a dream. (c項(xiàng))、第3段第2句Because of the bad weather they stayed indoors reading horror stories. (a項(xiàng))、第4段第1句Frankenstein was published when Mary was 21. (b項(xiàng))、小說出版后才能翻拍成電影(e項(xiàng))，排序?yàn)閐,c,a,b,e，選B。
14. D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第2段第1句Mary was born into a rich London family in August 1797. 以及第5段第4句She … continued to write until her death in 1851.可知，Mary生于1797年，卒于1851年，1851-1797=54， Mary享年54歲，選D。
15. A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第5段第1句Although famous, Shelley’s life was full of sadness.可知，選A。
參考答案與解析：
本文主要講述的是中國(guó)屬相的相關(guān)知識(shí)。作者介紹了屬相的意義和代表動(dòng)物，以及中國(guó)屬相的來歷和傳說，同時(shí)橫向比較了其它國(guó)家屬相的相同和相異之處，體現(xiàn)了文化差異。
16. B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第3段第2句“People believe that the characteristics of a zodiac animal influence the personality of every person born in that year.”可知正確答案為B。
17. A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第3段第2句 ‘When people think it is not proper to ask: How old are you’, they may change their question to ‘What is your zodiac animal?’ With this question, you can figure out roughly which year someone was born and the person’s age.”可知，從屬相可以大致推斷出一個(gè)人的年齡，所以正確答案為A。
18. D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第4段第3句“For example, in the Japanese zodiac, a wild boar takes the place of a pig and the Vietnamese zodiac has a cat instead of a rabbit.”可知正確答案為D。
19. B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“The ox would have been the first to arrive, but the rat sat on his back and jumped off just before they arrived to come in first place.” 可知，牛本來應(yīng)該是第一個(gè)到達(dá)，結(jié)果被老鼠搶先了，所以正確答案為B。
20. A。主旨大意題。本文介紹的是中國(guó)的屬相，屬相動(dòng)物的故事和玉皇大帝的故事都是屬相故事的一部分，所以正確答案為A。
參考答案與解析：
本文是一篇科普說明文。作者主要講了太空輻射和太空垃圾的危害性，但同時(shí)也指出，危險(xiǎn)的太空也可能成為人們今后的旅游目的地，所以保護(hù)太空環(huán)境很重要。
21. B。 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第3段第3句About 30% of these are satellites, 10% are spaceships, and the rest are space rubbish.可知太空中man-made things (人造物體)所占比例是30%的衛(wèi)星, 10%的太空船和60%的太空垃圾。只需看懂圖表,找準(zhǔn)數(shù)字就能選出正確答案。
22. D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2段第1句Scientists have found out that the radiation is the greatest danger to spacemen in space.可知，輻射對(duì)宇航員是有害的。
23. A。 猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)第3段最后兩句話An explosion in space in 1999 made a cloud of
300,000 fragments, each at least 4mm in size. A small piece of these even knocked a spaceship window and caused some damage.可推測(cè)出，fragments 是由爆炸引起的（碎片），（每片）至少有4毫米，后面的small piece也給出暗示，故能選出答案A。
24. A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2、3段的段首主題句Scientists have found out that the radiation is the greatest danger to spacemen in space.和Space rubbish is also thought to be a great danger to spacemen.可知本文一共談及了兩個(gè)危險(xiǎn)。
25. C。判斷正誤題。根據(jù)第2段的第3句The harm of the radiation won’t be found until their children even grandchildren are born.得知，C選項(xiàng)的說法是正確的。閱讀題材盤點(diǎn)與解題策略（C）
閱讀能力是英語考試的重要內(nèi)容，也是運(yùn)用英語的主要能力之一。因此掌握閱讀技巧很重要。英語文章的題材范圍很廣，應(yīng)該運(yùn)用哪些閱讀策略來解題呢？下面我們就重點(diǎn)解析一下中考中常見的七類題材，即：故事類、校園類、歷史傳記類、文化類、科普環(huán)保類、時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)類以及應(yīng)用文類。
時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)類
時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)類文章通常是新聞報(bào)道，這類文章有一共同特點(diǎn)，即都是由標(biāo)題（Headline）、導(dǎo)語（Lead）、主體（Main body）、背景（Background）和結(jié)尾（End）五部分構(gòu)成。標(biāo)題是新聞報(bào)道中心思想高度而又精辟的概括；導(dǎo)語位于新聞報(bào)道的首段，高度概括新聞事實(shí)；主體則對(duì)導(dǎo)語概括的新聞事實(shí)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述；新聞背景是指新聞事實(shí)之外，對(duì)新聞事實(shí)或新聞事實(shí)的某個(gè)部分進(jìn)行解釋或補(bǔ)充的材料；結(jié)尾往往是新聞事件的結(jié)果或動(dòng)態(tài)展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常與新聞導(dǎo)語相呼應(yīng)。
新聞報(bào)道中的導(dǎo)語非常重要，它位于文章的第一段，通過它點(diǎn)出新聞的主題，五個(gè)W和一個(gè)H (When, Where, Who, What, Why和How)通常是構(gòu)成一則完整消息不可缺少的要素。文章往往呈現(xiàn)出“倒金字塔”的特征，因此讀懂首句或首段至關(guān)重要。
另外，從句的使用也是此類文章的一大語言特色，因?yàn)閺木湫畔⒘看?，適合新聞報(bào)道的要求。此外，大量的副詞和插入語的使用也是此類文章的特點(diǎn)。為使文章更客觀、更具信服力，常用The study said…, Scientists believe that… Experts said…, It’s reported that…, According to the survey…等語言。
【閱讀策略】
設(shè)問(Questioning)：閱讀過程中，對(duì)材料所提供信息如when, where, who, how, why等進(jìn)行提問，將信息迅速提煉出來。
時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)類閱讀真題解析——（2011年 山東·德州）
Lots of people make it as their aim to get to the top of Mount Qomolangma. Mark is one of them. The difference between Mark and other climbers is that he lost both his legs when climbing New Zealand’s highest mountain, Mount Cook. He was caught in a big ice hole and he had to have his legs cut below the knees after he was saved. But that couldn’t make Mark lose heart, who has become the first person with man-made legs to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma.
From the top of the world’s highest mountain, Mark called his wife to say he made it. His wife, Anne got the phone when she was sleeping. She couldn’t hear him clearly on the phone. She was unable to say when he reached the top but thought it was around mid-day. She also said his “l(fā)egs” didn’t work well sometimes, so her husband was carrying a spare leg and repair tools.
Mark used to be a mountain guide before his accident. He said it was not important that no one like him had ever reached the 8,844-meter mountain.
“I’m not doing this to be the first. I have been climbing most of my life and I just feel Mount Qomolangma is really a great aim. I want to send a message that I can do anything better.”
（ ）26. What was the difference between Mark and other climbers?
A. He went mountain-climbing with his wife.
B. He climbed mountains with man-made legs.
C. He was the first to climb Mount Qomolangma.
D. He was the best guide of the world.
（ ）27. Mark’s wife thought it was _________ on Mount Qomolangma when Mark reached its top.
A. noon B. morning C. mid-night D. evening
（ ）28. Which of the following is the correct order in Mark’s story?
a. Losing both of his legs.
b. Working as a mountain guide.
c. Falling into an ice hole on Mount Cook.
d. Reaching the top of Mount Qomolangma.
A. c a b d B. c a d b C. b c a d D. b a c d
（ ）29. Mark’s story makes us believe that he is a _____ man.
A. polite B. brave C. kind D. clever
（ ）30. Mark told us that he cared much about _____.
A. being the first B. climbing higher
C. keeping healthy D. being a guide
參考答案與解析：
本文是一篇記敘文，講述了登山愛好者M(jìn)ark在截肢后仍然成功攀登珠穆朗瑪峰Mount Qomolangma的故事。
26. B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第1段第3句The difference between Mark and other climbers is that he lost both his legs when climbing...可知，Mark在爬山時(shí)失去了雙腿，故答案為B。
27. A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2段第4句She was unable to say when he reached the top but thought it was around mid-day.可知，Mark的妻子以為是“中午”，故答案為A。
28. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，Mark最初是一名導(dǎo)游，然后在登Cook山時(shí)掉進(jìn)冰窟才截肢，最后裝上假肢勇攀登高峰，按照事件的先后順序，故答案為C。
29. B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第1段第5、6句…h(huán)e had to have his legs cut below the knee...But that couldn’t make Mark lose heart…可知，雖然事故奪去了Mark的雙腿，但是他并沒有灰心失望，而是帶著義肢勇攀珠峰，足以證明Mark的勇敢堅(jiān)毅。
30. B。主旨大意題。通過最后一段Mark的話我們可知，他在乎的不是能否得第一，而是把攀登高峰當(dāng)成生命的一部分，來證明自己雖已截肢，但是仍然可以把事情做好，故答案為B。
應(yīng)用文類
應(yīng)用文是人們?nèi)粘Ｉ?、工作、生產(chǎn)和學(xué)習(xí)中處理各種公私事務(wù)時(shí)經(jīng)常使用的一種文體，是人們傳遞信息和交流感情的工具。應(yīng)用文的使用范圍非常廣泛，種類繁多。其中包括書信(或電子郵件)、日記、通知、便條、收條、借條、影訊、球訊、書評(píng)、尋物啟事、招領(lǐng)啟事、海報(bào)、賀卡、新聞報(bào)道、廣告、指南、網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇、產(chǎn)品說明以及各類圖表等。
應(yīng)用文類閱讀理解主要考查同學(xué)們搜集信息、尋找有用信息和整理信息的能力，要求同學(xué)們能利用所學(xué)英語知識(shí)來解決現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的實(shí)際問題，達(dá)到利用信息和輸出信息的目的。正因如此，近幾年中考幾乎每一份英語中考題中都會(huì)有應(yīng)用文的一席之地。
應(yīng)用文類的閱讀材料為了突顯其實(shí)用性，遣詞造句一般言簡(jiǎn)意賅，較少出現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句或生僻的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，而代詞的使用也易于理解，因此應(yīng)用文閱讀中，詞匯語義題出現(xiàn)較少，除此之外,文章結(jié)構(gòu)題也非應(yīng)用文閱讀的考查重點(diǎn)，這是由于應(yīng)用文為了使讀者易于理解文章內(nèi)容，因此結(jié)構(gòu)均較簡(jiǎn)單。
【閱讀策略】
1. 略讀(Skimming)：為了獲取文章要點(diǎn)和段落大意而快速閱讀的策略。
2. 尋讀(Scanning)：同樣是快速閱讀，但不是獲取大意，而是尋找文章中特定信息，具體細(xì)節(jié)或?qū)δ秤^點(diǎn)、看法的一些支持性例證。
應(yīng)用文閱讀真題解析——（2011年 內(nèi)蒙古·包頭）
Classified Advertisements
If you need our service, please call 5161982.
For Rent
Excellent Room for girls. Single, $115 a month. Double, $180 a month. Call 5160594.
Family Home, 3 bedrooms, large. Call 3125766.
Youth Paradise, room for boys, $100 per person. Call 8830553.
For Sale
Coat for man, size 42, 1 year old, $85, after 6 pm, call 8830553.
Color TV, size 21, $150; Mp3 player, $45: Recorder, $25. Call 6963749.
Help Wanted
If you can find a few hours during the day to look after 2 schoolage children, please call 3133694.
A magazine needs a reporter. He or she should be good at writing in Chinese.
Experience needed. Call 5201314.
Lost
A yellow bag with a mobile phone and some books was left behind the library. Will the finder come to Class 1, Grade 3?
Found
A black jacket was found on the playground yesterday afternoon (June 21). Will the owner please ring 3655488?
（ ）31. If you want to make an advertisement, which number will you call?
A. 5160594. B. 3655488. C. 5161982. D. 3133694.
（ ）32. Mary wants a room for herself, which room should she choose?
A. Family Home. B. Double. C. Single. D. Youth Paradise.
（ ）33. The title “Classified Advertisements” probably means _____.
A. advertisements only for students to read
B. advertisements giving us useful information
C. advertisements that are very important
D. advertisements divided into different groups
（ ）34. If you want to find a part-time job, you will read _____.
A. Help Wanted B. For Sale C. For Rent D. Lost
（ ）35. If a person has $115, he can buy _____.
A. TV and recorder B. coat and recorder
C. coat and Mp3 player D. TV and Mp3 player
參考答案與解析：
本文由五則小廣告組成，內(nèi)容包括房屋租賃、商品出售、招聘和失物招領(lǐng)等。
31. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)廣告前面的If you need our service, please call 5161982.可知，要想做廣告，要打5161982這個(gè)電話，所以選C。
32. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一則廣告中的Excellent Room for girls. Single, $115 a month.可知，瑪麗想租個(gè)房子自己住，應(yīng)該選Single。
33. D。詞義猜測(cè)題。Classified Advertisements是廣告的標(biāo)題，由于廣告包括房屋租賃、商品出售、招聘和失物招領(lǐng)等，由此可知，它的意思應(yīng)該是我們常說的“分類廣告”，所以選D。
34. A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三則廣告中的If you can find a few hours during the day to look after 2 schoolage children, please call 3133694.可知，要想找兼職工作，要閱讀Help Wanted這則廣告。
35. B。數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第二則廣告可知電視的價(jià)格是$150，所以用115美元是不夠買電視的，排除A、D項(xiàng)；B項(xiàng)coat $85，recorder $25，共$110;C項(xiàng)coat $85，Mp3 player $45，共130，錢不夠。所以選B。
總之，同學(xué)們不管面對(duì)何種題材的文章，要靈活運(yùn)用以上閱讀策略，切忌生搬硬套，讓自己陷入被動(dòng)。閱讀是中考的重點(diǎn)，閱讀能力是影響其他題型（如完形填空、單選）答題效果的關(guān)鍵因素。同學(xué)們總復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)始終以閱讀為重點(diǎn)，可以選擇一些短文仔細(xì)閱讀，并練習(xí)準(zhǔn)確做題。但要防止“題海”戰(zhàn)術(shù)，注意提高閱讀速度和解題技巧，重點(diǎn)要放在對(duì)所做閱讀理解題的分析上，總結(jié)錯(cuò)誤的原因，這樣閱讀能力才能得到提高。
