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人教版八年級英語上冊第六單元復(fù)習(xí)資料
人教版八年級英語上冊第六單元復(fù)習(xí)資料

考點(diǎn)掃描:

一)習(xí)慣用語:
look the same=look like 看起來像

in some ways在某些方面

as you can see 正如你能看到的

look different 看起來不同

in common 共同的

as +<形容詞/副詞原級> +as …與…一樣

not as/so…as… …不如… 

more than=over 多于,超過 

be good at=do well in sth./doing sth.愛好于… 

make sb. +do 使某人… 

have good grades  成績優(yōu)良 

be good with sb. 善于與某人相處 

call…at +電話號碼   撥…找…

stop doing sth. 停止做某事 

stop to do sth. 停下來做某事 

begin with..以…開始

most of……中的大多數(shù) 

primary school 小學(xué)

both…and… 兩者都 

laugh at…嘲笑… 

my twin sister  我的雙胞胎姐姐

be outgoing 愛拋頭露面

short hair 短發(fā)

more athletic 更健美 

the same as  同……一樣 

lots of 許多

3 centimeters taller 高了三厘米

 

二)重點(diǎn)句型:
1.I'm more outgoing than my sister.我比我妹妹更愛出風(fēng)頭。

2.He has shorter hair than Sam.他的頭發(fā)比山姆的短。

3.Tom is more athletic than Sam.湯姆比山姆更健美。

4.Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.

劉瑩不如她姐姐擅長體育。

5.Both girls go to lots of parties.兩個(gè)女孩都參加了許多晚會(huì)。

6.In some ways we look the same,and in some ways we look different.在某些方面,我們看起來一樣,在某些方面,我們看起來不同。

7.My good friend is good at schoolwork.我的好朋友愛好干學(xué)校事務(wù)。

8.I think a good friend makes me laugh.我認(rèn)為好朋友會(huì)使我發(fā)笑。

9.I'm about 3 centimeters taller now.我現(xiàn)在(比以前)高了3厘米。

 

三)交際用語:
Is that Sam? No,that's Tom.
He has shorter hair than Sam.
He's calmer than Sam.

)主題寫作:運(yùn)用比較級介紹人和事。

 

詞語點(diǎn)擊:

1.outgoing: ['aut,g?ui?]
①形容詞adj. 外向的,友好的,開朗的, 直率的
  Would you say that you were an outgoing person? 你認(rèn)為你外向嗎?
②名詞 n.出發(fā);出外;(常用復(fù)數(shù))開支;費(fèi)用
【積累】 outgoing的反義詞是introverted內(nèi)向的,矜持的,寡言的

2.serious: ['si?ri?s]
 形容詞 adj. 嚴(yán)重的;危急的;令人擔(dān)心的; 嚴(yán)肅的,莊嚴(yán)的。
His error is serious. 他的錯(cuò)誤很嚴(yán)重。

He was kind and affectionate, but very serious.
 他仁慈、親切,但非常嚴(yán)肅。
【拓展】seriuos 的名詞形式為seriousness;其副詞形式為seriously.
He is joking. Don't take it seriously.

他是跟你開玩笑呢。 你別當(dāng)真。

When people ask you to do something, you should take it seriously.

人家托你的事, 你別不在意。

3.mean: [mi:n]
動(dòng)詞 v.(言詞等)表示...的意思; 意欲,意圖,打算;

What does the phrase mean?這短語是什么意思?

I realized what he meant.我明白他的意思了。
Do you mean to go without money?你想身無分文就走嗎?

【拓展】(1)問某物是什么意思可用“What do …mean?”等于“What do you mean by…?”或“What′s the meaning of…?” meaning是mean的名詞形式。例如:
    What does the word mean?= What′s the meaning of the word?
         或What do you mean by saying the word?
    (2)means意為 “手段,方法,工具”,單復(fù)數(shù)同形(詞尾永遠(yuǎn)有-s)。若用作主語,其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)根據(jù)句意來確定。例如:
Every means has been tried,but we find only by this means can we do it well.
 每種方法都試過了,但我們發(fā)現(xiàn)通過只有這種方法才能做好。(后半句為倒裝句)


4.as: [?z, ?z]

一)as作副詞,表示程度,意為“同樣地”。
    在“as…as…”,“not as/so…as…”結(jié)構(gòu)中的第一個(gè)as是副詞,第二個(gè)as     是連詞,作“和/與……(不)一樣”解?!?br>  Jack is as tall as his father (is).杰克和他的父親一樣高?! ?br>二)as作介詞:
 ?、僮鳌叭?,像”解。用法類似于like。
eg: They got united as one man.他們團(tuán)結(jié)得像一個(gè)人一樣。      
②作“充當(dāng),作為”解。,eg: as a writer,
He was famous./ he was famous as a writer.作為作家,他是很有名的。
He came to China as a tourist five years ago.
    他五年前以游客的身份來過中國。
三)as作連詞的用法
1)幾個(gè)關(guān)于as...as的常見句型:
(1)as...as possible
   Please answer my question as soon as possible.請盡快回答我的問題。(2)as...as usual/before
  She looks as pretty as before.她看起來和以前一樣漂亮。
(3)as well as
  She cooks as well as her mother does.她燒菜燒得跟她母親一樣好。
  一些帶有as...as結(jié)構(gòu)的常見短語歸納:
  as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一樣忙碌
  as easy as ABC像ABC一樣容易
  as deep as a well像井一樣深  
    as light as a feather像羽毛一樣輕
2.)as用作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句
    as與when,while都是引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞,含義都是"當(dāng)……的時(shí)候"。但它們有區(qū)別:用when時(shí),從句的動(dòng)作可以與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可以先于主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生;用while時(shí),從句的動(dòng)作為一過程,主句動(dòng)作與從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行或在從句動(dòng)作過程中發(fā)生;用as時(shí),主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,具有延續(xù)的含義。例如:
  (1)It was snowing when he arrived at the construction site.
         他到達(dá)工地時(shí),天正在下雪。
  (2)He was watching TV while his mother was cooking.
         他母親做飯時(shí)他在看電視。
  (3) You will grow wiser as you grow older.
         你會(huì)隨著年齡的增長而越來越聰明。
3)as用作連詞引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句
   as,because,since都可以表示因果關(guān)系,連接原因狀語從句,含義是"因?yàn)?,由?,但它們有區(qū)別:because表示的語氣最強(qiáng);as一般放在句首,語氣較弱,較口語化;since常常用在書面語中,表示多為對方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因,有時(shí)可譯作"既然"。例如:
  (1) He will succeed because he is in earnest.
          他一定會(huì)成功,因?yàn)樗苷J(rèn)真。   
    (2) Since you are so sure of it he′ll believe you.
          既然你對此如此有把握,他會(huì)相信你的。
  (3) As rain has fallen, the air is cooler.因?yàn)橄逻^雨,空氣比較清爽。
四)as的其他幾個(gè)用法;
 ?、儆糜趖he same...as結(jié)構(gòu)
  This is the same book as I read last week.
        這本書和我上周讀的那本是一樣的。  
    ②用于such...as結(jié)構(gòu)中
  I don′t like such books as he recommends.我不喜歡他推薦的那些書。
    而such as作“例如”講,引出列舉項(xiàng)。
   The farm grows various kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn, cotton and rice.   這個(gè)農(nóng)場種植各種各樣的莊稼,例如麥子,玉米,棉花和稻米。
  ③用于"so +adj. + a/an + n. (單數(shù)) + as "結(jié)構(gòu)中
  I am not so strong a man as I was.我已經(jīng)沒有從前那么強(qiáng)壯了

5.way: [wei]  
名詞 n.① 路,通路,道路,方向[C]
   Can you show me the way to the post office? 你能否告訴我去郵局的路?

② 路程,距離[the S]  It's a long way to the railroad station.
到火車站路程很遠(yuǎn)。

③方法,方式[C][(+to-v)]  Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent

the  disease.科學(xué)家們正試圖找到防止疾病的方法。

④風(fēng)俗,習(xí)慣;風(fēng)度;作風(fēng)[C]  I did not like the way he talked to me.
             我不喜歡他跟我講話的方式。

⑤方面,點(diǎn)[C]  Their plan is recommendable in many ways.

 他們的計(jì)劃在許多方面都是可取的。
【積累】   way構(gòu)成的短語有:on  the/one′s  way to 在通往/某人去某地的路上;in…way用……方法; in many ways在許多方面;by the way順便問/說一句;in the way擋道,礙事

 

6.both: [b?uθ] 
①形容詞 adj. 兩...(都),兩個(gè)...(都)
    Both his eyes were severely burned. 他的雙眼都嚴(yán)重?zé)齻恕?/p>

②代詞 pron. 兩者(都);兩個(gè)(都);雙方(都)

Why not buy both? 為什么不把兩件都買下?

③副詞 adv. 并;又;兩者皆 We like Amy and Phil both.
艾米和菲爾兩個(gè)我們都喜歡。

④連接詞 conj. 既...且...;...和...都
The prospects both excited and worried me.
   這前景既使我激動(dòng)又令我憂慮。

⑤構(gòu)成both…and…意為“不但……而且……”,若連接兩個(gè)并列的主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;該詞組的否定形式為neither…nor…(既不……也不……)或not…either…or….例如:
He can speak both Japanese and French.的否定形式為:
He can speak neither Japanese and French.
或 He can′t  speak  either Japanese or French.
直接否定both是一種部分否定,表示“并非兩者都”。(“部分否定”講解詳見本書第四單元“火眼金睛”中“5.‘否定’也溫柔”)

 

【辨析】all , both, 表示“都”,“全部”。

(1) both指兩個(gè)人或物,而all指三個(gè)以上的人或物,在句中都可作主語、賓語、表語、同位語或定語。

Both of us want to go. 我們兩人都想去。
All of us should work hard.我們都應(yīng)努力工作。

(2) both和all都可直接修飾名詞;名詞前如有限定詞時(shí),其前只能用both of或all of.

Both brothers are clever. 兄弟倆都聰明。

Both of the books are useful.兩本書都有用。

(3) both和all在句中的位置是位于be動(dòng)詞之后,行為動(dòng)詞之前,如有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞,則位于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞與主動(dòng)詞之間。

We are all here. 我們都來了。

[特別提醒]

both的反義詞是neither, all的反義詞是none。

Both of us are not doctors. 我們倆并非都是醫(yī)生。 (部分否定)

Neither of us is a doctor. 我們倆都不是醫(yī)生。(全部否定)
All of the books are not helpful.
    并非所有這些書都對人有幫助。(部分否定)

 

7.however: [hau'ev?]
1)連接詞 conj.然而,可是,不過
  I feel a bit tired. However, I can hold on.我有點(diǎn)累了,但我能堅(jiān)持下去。

2)副詞 adv. ①無論如何,不管怎樣
However hot it is, he will not take off his coat.
    無論多熱,他也不會(huì)脫掉外衣。

②不管用什么方法
However he tries, he never seems able to work satisfactorily.
    不管他怎么努力,他好像總不能令人滿意地工作。

③究竟怎樣,到底如何: However did you know that? 你到底怎么知道那件事的?

【拓展】由–ever構(gòu)成的合成詞有:whoever 誰都……,無論誰;whichever 隨便哪個(gè),無論哪個(gè);whatever 凡是……的,無論什么;whenever 隨時(shí),無論什么時(shí)候;wherever 無論哪里,無論到哪里;等等。

8.for: [f?:] 
1)介詞 prep. ①為,為了:This letter is for you. 這是你的信。

②代替;代表: We used boxes for chairs. 我們用箱子當(dāng)椅子坐。

③因?yàn)?由于: I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不該對你講那些話。

④ (表示時(shí)間、距離等)達(dá),計(jì):
You can see for miles from the roof.你站在屋頂上可以看到數(shù)英里之外。
⑤ 對于,關(guān)于;在...方面 :
  I am too old for the job.我年紀(jì)太大,做不了這工作。

⑥ 為得到,為贏得:
He sent the waiter for some fruit. 他讓服務(wù)員去拿一些水果。

⑦ 以...為代價(jià);以...交換:
He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把車賣了。

⑧當(dāng)作,作為: Do you take me for a millionaire? 你是不是把我當(dāng)百萬富翁?

⑨ 贊成;支持;傾向于
Are you for the plan or against it? 你是支持還是反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃?

⑩朝...方向去;往,向: He left for Taipei. 他出發(fā)去臺北。

⑾. 就...而言:She is all right for her age.就年齡而言她還行。

2)連接詞 conj.因?yàn)?由于
We must start early, for it will take two hours to drive to the airport.
我們得早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身,因?yàn)殚_車去機(jī)場得花兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(補(bǔ)充說明,只能放在句子后面)

 

9.opposite:  ['?p?zit]
1)形容詞 adj. ①相反的,對立的[(+to)]
They have opposite views on the question.在這個(gè)問題上他們持相反的觀點(diǎn)。

②對面的,相對的[(+to)]His store is opposite to mine.他的店在我的對面。
He lives opposite to me. 他住在我對面。
There was a garden on the opposite side of the street.街的對面有個(gè)花園。

2)名詞 n. 對立面;對立物[C][the S][(+of)]
Black is the opposite of white. 黑色的相反是白色。

3)介詞 prep. 在...對面(=across from)
The post office is opposite the bank. 郵局在銀行對面。

4)副詞 adv. 在對面,在對過
They sat opposite on the lawn. 他們面對面坐在草坪上。

 

10.interest: ['int?rist] 
1)名詞 n.興趣;關(guān)注;愛好; 趣味性; 感興趣的事物或人; 利益;利害; 利息; 股份,股權(quán)
I showed my interest in physics.我對物理感興趣。

His two great interests in life are music and painting.
他生活中的兩大興趣是音樂和繪畫。

We work for our common interests. 我們?yōu)楣餐睦娑ぷ鳌?/p>

I borrowed the money at 5% interest. 我以五分利息借了那筆錢。
He has an interest in the company.他在這家公司擁有股份。

2)及物動(dòng)詞 vt.使發(fā)生興趣;引起...的關(guān)心
Chemistry interests him. 他對化學(xué)感興趣。

He interested me in politics. 他使我對政治發(fā)生興趣。

【注意】interest的形容詞有兩種形式:interested,interesting.它們的用法詳見本書第一單元:“火眼金睛”中的“興趣知多少”。

 

11.though: [e?u]
1) 連接詞 conj.雖然;盡管
Though he is rich, his life is not happy. 他雖然很有錢,但生活并不幸福。
2)副詞 adv. (一般放在句尾)然而,還是
It was a hard job, he took it though. 這是份苦差事,可他還是接受了。
【積累】
1)though 與 although 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的比較: 
    though與 although 同義,一般情況下可互相換用。但 although 比 though 更正式,多用于書面體,且多放于句首。在 although 或 though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,主句不能用 but ,但可使用 yet , still 。例如:
Although / Though he is in poor health, (yet) he works very hard.
 盡管他身體不好,然而他工作很努力。
though 可用在倒裝句中,但 although 不能。例如:
Although / Though he is clever, he doesn't study well.
Clever though he is, he doesn't study well.盡管他很聰明,學(xué)習(xí)卻不好。
2)though 構(gòu)成的短語:
    as though = as if 好像    even though = even if 即使

 

12.care: [k??] 

1)不及物動(dòng)詞 vi. ① 關(guān)心;擔(dān)心;在乎,介意[(+about/for)]
        Do you care if I go? 如果我去的話,你不介意吧?

②關(guān)懷,照顧[(+for)] ③喜歡,愿意,想要[(+for)]
I don't care for coffee. 我不喜歡喝咖啡。

2)及物動(dòng)詞 vt. ① 對...介意,對...計(jì)較[+wh-]
I don't care what they say. 我不在乎他們說什么。
 ② 喜歡,愿意,想要[+to-v]I don't care to go out. 我不想出去。

3)名詞 n. 照料,關(guān)懷,小心。常構(gòu)成短語:take (good)care of=look after┅well(好好)照顧。
  例如:The baby needs a lot of care.這個(gè)嬰兒需要精心照料。
 

13.necessary: ['nes?,s?ri] 
1)形容詞 adj. ①必要的,必需的[(+for/to)]
 Oxygen is necessary for life. 氧氣是生命所必需的。
 ②必然的,無法避免的
Poor health is a necessary result of over-exertion.
      體弱是過度勞累的必然結(jié)果。

2)名詞 n. 必要的物品;必需品
She has enough money to buy the necessaries of life.
她有足夠的錢購買生活必需品。
【注意】It′s necessary for sb. to do sth.做某事對某人來說是必要的。
例如:It′s necessary for us to learn English well.
           (這句話應(yīng)該懂吧,切記?。?!)

 

14.friendship: [′frend?ip]
名詞n.友情, 友誼, 友好
I valued my friendship with my classmates.我珍視我和同學(xué)們之間的友誼。
A hedge between keeps friendship green. 君子之交淡如水。
To our friendship! 為我們的友誼干杯!
Friendship is love with understanding. 友誼是愛加上諒解。
Friendship multiplies joys and divides griefs.
   友誼可以增添歡樂,可以分擔(dān)憂愁。
Friendship often end in love, but love, in friendship- never.
   友誼常因愛而結(jié)束;愛從不以友誼而告終。
Friendship ---- one soul in two bodies.友誼是兩人一條心。
Friendship cannot stand always on one side. 友誼是雙方的事。
Friendship should not be all on one side.友誼不該只是單方面的事。
【積累】類似的詞有:ownership物主關(guān)系 hardship艱苦relationship關(guān)系

15.information [,inf?'mei??n]
名詞 n報(bào)告;消息;報(bào)導(dǎo);情報(bào)資料;信息[U][(+about/on)]
The book contains much useful information. 這本書包含了許多有用的資料。
We received information that you had arrived.我們得到了你已抵達(dá)的消息。
【注意】information是不可數(shù)名詞,同學(xué)們往往受漢語影響把它誤認(rèn)為可數(shù)名詞。類似的詞還有:news(新聞);advice(建議);fun(樂趣);weather(天氣);progress(進(jìn)步)等等。例如:他取得了很大的進(jìn)步。
       (誤)What a great progress he has made!
        (正) What great progress he has made!

火眼金睛: 

 

1.欲與天公試比“高”:

tall與high都有“高的”意思,先加以比較:

(1)說人,動(dòng)物,樹木等有生命的東西,主要用tall,不用high;tall常用來表示同類之中的高者,它用于指由底到頂?shù)母叨?,尤其是?dāng)高度大于寬度或直徑的時(shí)候。例如a tall man,a tall tree等。

(2)說一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí),要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在樹上時(shí),飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí)。例如:
        He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹上。
        The plane is so high in the sky. 飛機(jī)在空中這么高。

(3)指建筑物、山時(shí)要tall或high都可以,不過high的程度比tall高。

(4)high常用于抽象意義或比喻意義。如:high price, high speed, high  position等。

(4)high可作副詞,tall不能。
(5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.

 

 

2.“聰明”寶寶大比拼:

smart,clever,bright與wise四者都是“聰明”的意思,
但各自的含義與用法不同:

①clever指人或動(dòng)物的腦子靈活,指做成的事物時(shí),常含有巧妙的意思;

②smart與clever同義,但更強(qiáng)調(diào)頑皮的一面;

③bright通常指年輕人或小孩的聰明,常用于口語;

④wise指由于知識、經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富及良好的判斷能力而正確對待或處理人或事,常用于正式、客氣的場合。

例如:

He is a clever boy.他是個(gè)聰明的孩子。

That is a clever plan.那是個(gè)巧妙的計(jì)劃。

You can't cheat him because he is a smart boy.

你騙不了他,因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)聰明伶俐的孩子。

The bright boy is reading English in the bright room.

這個(gè)聰明伶俐的孩子在明亮的房間里讀英語。

a wise saying  至理名言   a wise leader  英明的領(lǐng)袖

 

 

3.笑聲有多脆?

laugh和smile都是“笑”的意思,都可做動(dòng)詞,又可作名詞,
但它們的含義不同:
laugh一般是有聲的笑,可以是大笑.常構(gòu)成短語laugh at,有“嘲笑”的意思;而smile一般是無聲的微笑,通常是好意的微笑,表示善意的或愉悅的心情。
The joke made all laugh loudly.這個(gè)笑話使所有人開懷大笑。
She came in with a smile on her face.她面帶微笑走了進(jìn)來。
【積累】含“笑”的常用語:
He who laughs last laughs best. 笑到最后笑得最好。
belly laugh 捧腹大笑
A man may smile and smile and be villain. 笑里藏奸.
A smile sweeps all your sorrows away.一笑解千愁
(同學(xué)們;看到這里,你也笑一笑吧,記住只可smile,不可laugh哦!)

 

 

4.究竟勝過誰?

 win和beat都作"贏"、"戰(zhàn)勝"講,都可用作及物動(dòng)詞,其區(qū)別主要在于——
賓語的不同:
①充當(dāng)win的賓語的是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎(jiǎng)品、金錢等名詞,即race,match,game, competition,war,prize之類的詞;
②充當(dāng)beat的賓語的則是比賽、競爭的對手,即指人或球隊(duì)的名詞或代詞。
例如: 
He won first prize in the surfing competition.他在沖浪比賽中獲得第一。We beat the strongest team in the football match this time.
     在這次足球賽中我們戰(zhàn)勝了最強(qiáng)的那個(gè)隊(duì)
【積累】:beat a dead horse 鞭打死馬令其奔馳——徒勞

A dog will not howl if you beat him with a bone. 肉骨頭打狗狗不叫。

 

 
5.使喚他人妥(to)不妥(to)?
make 是使役動(dòng)詞, 后面跟復(fù)合賓語的時(shí)候,賓語補(bǔ)足語用不帶to的不定式,“make sb.do sth.”或“”make sb.+adj”。常見的使役動(dòng)詞有:have,keep,let等。例如:

  The music made us all want to dance.音樂讓我們所有人都想跳舞。

  What he said made the teacher angry. 他說的話讓老師生氣。
但make 用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),表示“被迫做某事”的時(shí)候,需要把to 加上,即“be made to do”.
He was made to change his mind. 他被迫改變了主意。

試比較:①have sb do sth  意思是“讓某人做某事”

②have sth done  意思是“使某件事被(別人)做”

    We had the machine mended just now.我們剛才請人把機(jī)器修好了。
③have sb doing sth  意思是“使某人(一直)做某事” 

The two cheats had their lights burning all night long.

     兩個(gè)騙子讓燈整夜地亮著。 

Although the farm is large,my dad has only two men working for him. 

    雖然農(nóng)場大,但我爸爸只雇了兩人為他(一直)干活。

(是?。∥覀儸F(xiàn)在知道了:使喚別人不妥,被使喚未嘗“不妥” ?。?br>

 

6.拾遺補(bǔ)缺“插入語”:

    課本有句:So who do you think should get the job,Ruth or Rose?
那么你認(rèn)為誰應(yīng)該得到這份工作,露絲還是羅斯?

    句中的do you think用于特殊疑問句中做插入語,who作主語,其后使用陳述語序。類似的插入語還有:do you believe(你相信), do you say(你說), do you guess(你猜),do you suppose(你推斷)等。
How long did you say she would stay here?你說她會(huì)呆多久?

When do you suppose they’ll be back?你推斷他們什么時(shí)候會(huì)回?

How old did you think she was?你認(rèn)為她多大?
     一般來說,插入語在句中不起主要作用。如果把插入語抽去,句子的含義不大受影響。但是,有的插入語卻是句子不可缺少的一部分。例如:
 He got the news from (nobody knows) where.
  他這消息誰也不知道是從哪兒得來的。(可見:插入語也是可以拾遺補(bǔ)缺的哦?。?br>

7.范圍有多大?
在英語最高級句型中,我們時(shí)常會(huì)用到表示比較范圍的短語,而in, of, among是構(gòu)成這些短語的常用介詞。但是,這三個(gè)詞在最高級中的用法卻有所不同?! ?) in表示環(huán)境范圍,通常用于在一定范圍內(nèi)的比較,后面常常接表示區(qū)域、時(shí)間、單位、團(tuán)體等的名詞或代詞,并且后面的名詞和主語不是同一概念的范疇。例句:
  (1) The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
        長江是中國最長的河。
  (2) London is the biggest city in Britain. 倫敦是英國最大的城市。
   (3) She sings the best in Class Two. 二班她唱歌最好。
  (4) The child was very young, but he wasn't the youngest in the family.
        這孩子很小,但他在家里不是最小的。
2)of用來表示對象范圍,一般用于同類事物之間的比較,且of后面的名詞與主語是同一概念范疇。
  (1)"the+基數(shù)詞(+名詞復(fù)數(shù))"結(jié)構(gòu),指的是具體數(shù)目中,表示"……個(gè)之中最"。例句:
 ?、貾eter is the oldest boy of the three boys.
       在這三個(gè)男孩中,彼得是年紀(jì)最大的。
 ?、赥his is the smallest of the three.這是三者之中最小的。
 ?、跿his is the shortest of the four roads. 這是四條路中最近的一條路。

  (2)"of all, of all+(the)+名詞復(fù)數(shù),of all+one's+名詞復(fù)數(shù)"結(jié)構(gòu)表示"其中之最"。例句:
   ①Of all choices, this is the best.在各種辦法之中,這種最好。
 ?、贖e's the most intelligent of all the students.
        在所有學(xué)生中,他是最聰明的。
 ?、跲f all my hobbies, swimming is my favourite.
        在我的業(yè)余愛好中,我最喜歡游泳。
  ④ They all spoke English badly, but Jack spoke the worst of them.
        他們所有人英語說得都不好,但杰克是他們之中說得最差的一個(gè)?! f, among用于在多數(shù)同類事物中(通常為三者以上)進(jìn)行比較,表示"其中之最",后面一般接名詞或代詞。同of一樣,也表示對象范圍,因此among與of有時(shí)可互換使用。例句:
  (1) Li Ming is the most handsome among(of) the boys.
          李明是男孩中最英俊的。
  (2) This book is the best among the modern novels.
          這本書是現(xiàn)代小說中最好的。
  (3)The picture is the most beautiful among these.
          在這些圖畫中,這一張是最漂亮的。
  此外,among后面還可以接形容詞的最高級,表示"其中之一"的含義。例句:       (1) London is among the largest cities in the world.
    倫敦是世界上最大的城市之一。
(2) Hangzhou is among the most beautiful cities in China.
    杭州是中國最美麗的城市之一。

 

8.風(fēng)云“聚”義廳:
本單元重點(diǎn)句子釋義集錦:


1. Here are photos of me and my twin sister Liu Ying.
    這兒是我和我的孿生妹妹劉英的一些照片。

① photos of me 表示照片上的人是“我”;photos of mine 表示照片的擁有者是“我”;

② my twin sister 中的twin是名詞作定語,用單數(shù)形式。例如:

Tom is my twin brothers.

 

2. As you can see, in some ways we look the same.
正如你看到的那樣,我們在一些方面長得一樣。

① as 表示“就像……一樣”,as you can see 表示“正如你看到的那樣”,as you know(正如你所知道的);as you think(正如你所想的)

② look the same(長得一樣),反義詞組為 look different(長得不一樣),而look like…則表示“某人長得像某人”


3. Although my hair is shorter than hers.雖然我的頭發(fā)比她的短些。

although 相當(dāng)于though,用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意思是“雖然,盡管”。

although 較正式,語氣強(qiáng),though最常用,二者引導(dǎo)的從句不能與but和however連用,但可以與yet, still連用。

① Though/Although he was tired, he went on working.

= He was tired, but he went on working.

② Though /Although he was ill, he still came on time.

= Even though he was ill, he still came on time.

 

4. However, we both enjoy going to parties.
但是,我們兩人都喜歡去參加聚會(huì)。

however是一個(gè)表轉(zhuǎn)折的副詞,意思是“然而,可是,不過”。
它還有“無論如何,不管怎樣”的意思。

e.g.: She always goes swimming, however cold it is.

enjoy doing sth.“喜歡做某事”;enjoy oneself = have a good time

① He        (喜歡)       (畫畫)last year. But now he doesn’t.(enjoyed,drawing)

② —Did you enjoy        (you) at the party, Lucy?—Yes, I did. (yourself)

 

6. Liu Li has more than one sister.劉麗不止一個(gè)妹妹。

more than(=over)的意思是“超過,比……多”,反義詞是less than“不足,少于”

e.g.: We have more than 150 teachers in our school.


7. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.

這個(gè)句子是as…as…的否定句型,即not so/as…as…,意思是“不如……;不及……”;“與……不一樣”。

① He is as tall as me.他和我一樣高。

② He is not as tall as me. 他沒有我高。

= He is shorter than me./= I’m taller than him.

 

8. I think a good friend makes me laugh.我認(rèn)為一個(gè)好朋友能讓我歡笑。

(1)這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,I think是主句,后面跟的是賓語從句,用陳述句語序。

I think you are right.(主、從句之間省略了引導(dǎo)詞that)

I don’t think you are right.(否定句)

(2)make在本句中是使役動(dòng)詞,意思是“使某人做……;讓某人……”,其后跟動(dòng)詞原形或形容詞。

Who made you so happy?  Don’t make the baby cry.

I made them not come so early.
(make sb. not do sth. )(使某人不做某事。)

 

9. Some friends have opposite views and interests.
一些朋友有相反的觀點(diǎn)和不同的興趣。

(1)opposite在這里用作形容詞,意思是“相反的,對立的”,無比較級。

She sits opposite to me.(此處用作副詞“在……對面”)

(2)interest在本句中用作可數(shù)名詞,意思是“愛好”,“引起興趣的地方”。

My best friend has lots of interests.

它還可以用作不可數(shù)名詞,意為“興趣”。

I have interest in English. = I’m interested in English.


10. We asked some people what they think and this is what they said.
    我們問一些人他們想些什么,這就是他們所說的。

本句中的what they think是賓語從句,作ask的賓語。What they said是一個(gè)表語從句,和前面的is構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。句中的what是think和said的賓語。

(1)I don’t know                    (你說的話)。(what you said)
(2)This is                      (她所聽到的)。(what she heard)

 

11. I like to have friends who are like me.
我喜歡交一些與我有共同點(diǎn)的人做朋友。

從句who are like me在句中作定語,修飾限定friends,稱為定語從句。

Who是引導(dǎo)詞,用于引導(dǎo)定語從句,friends叫先行詞。

① I need a man who can do the work. 
②I like the people who are outgoing.

 

12. I like to have friends who are different from me.
我喜歡交那些跟我不一樣的朋友.

此句和上句一樣,是含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句。Who are different from me意思是“與我不同”,同義句為who are not like me或who are not the same as me. be different from…“與……不同”。

① The weather in America is different from in China.(×)

The weather in America is different from that in China.(√)

② My view is different from        (you). (yours )            
 = My view isn’t                            .(the same as yours)

 

13. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class.
我比班上大多數(shù)孩子文靜。

此句中的most of意思是“……中的大多數(shù)”,后面跟名詞或代詞賓格的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

① Most of us/them/you like sports.

② Most of the books are useful.= Most books are useful.

【小練習(xí)】句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

1. I’m shorter than he is. (改為一般疑問句)

________ _________ shorter than ________ ___________ ?

2. Tina is Twelve. Mary is twelve, too. (合成一個(gè)句子)

_______ Tina ________ Mary __________  twelve.

3. Tom is popular. Jim is more popular. (合成一個(gè)句子)

_________ is _________ popular than ___________ is.

4. They both enjoy going to the movies. (改為同義句)

_______ __________  ________ enjoy going to the movies.

5. Little Tina likes playing chess. (改為同義句)

Little Tina __________ ____________ ________ playing chess.

 

(Keys:1. Are you; he is;2. Both; and; are;3. Jim; more; Tom;

4. Both of them;5. is interested in)

 

語法聚焦:


形容詞的比較級和最高級

一、比較級的定義:

大多數(shù)的形容詞都有三個(gè)級別:原級、比較級、最高級。其中比較級表示“更……”,用于兩者之間的比較,用來說明“前者比后者更……”,比較級前面一般用much, even, a little修飾,其中even, much 只能修飾比較級。

二、比較級的構(gòu)成:

(1)規(guī)則變化:

①單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞一般在詞尾加-er

  Eg: calm---calmer    tall---taller   smart---smarter

②以字母e結(jié)尾的直接在詞尾加-r

  Eg: nice---nicer    fine---finer   large---larger

③以“輔音+y 結(jié)尾的詞,變y為 i,再加-er”

  Eg: early---earlier   happy---happier   busy---busier

④以重讀閉音節(jié)的單個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫輔音字母,再加-er

  Eg: big---bigger   thin---thinner   hot---hotter

⑤多音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞在原級前面加more

  Eg: popular---more popular   important---more important

(2)不規(guī)則變化:

少數(shù)形容詞的比較級變化是不規(guī)則的:
good---better   bad/ill---worse   many/much---more

little---less   far---farther/further   old---older/elder

三、比較級的用法:

(一)當(dāng)兩個(gè)人或事物(A和B)進(jìn)行比較時(shí),我們需要用到形容詞(副詞)的原級或者比較級

1. 表達(dá)“A和B一樣”,用as…as的結(jié)構(gòu)。

公式: A+be動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞原級+as…+B    A+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+as+副詞原級+as…+B

   I am as tall as you.我和你一樣高。    
He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一樣快。

2.表達(dá)“A不如B”用not as/so…as的結(jié)構(gòu)。

公式:  A+be動(dòng)詞的否定形式+as+形容詞原級+as…+B

      A+助詞的否定形式+動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞原級+as…+B

  I am not as tall as you.我沒有你高。   
He doesn’t run as fast as I. 他沒有我跑得快。

2. 表達(dá)“A大于B”用“比較級+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)。

公式:  A+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞比較級+than+B…
 A+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+副詞比較級+than+B…

   I am taller than you.我比你高。   

 He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。

 

(二)關(guān)于形容詞、副詞比較級的更多用法

1.比較級前面可以加上表示“優(yōu)劣程度”的詞或短語,意思是“更…”,“…得…”。常見詞有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。

He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。

  I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。

2.比較級前面可以加上表示具體數(shù)量差別的結(jié)構(gòu),表示具體“大多少”,“小多少”,“長多少”,“短多少”等。

I am two years older than he.我比他大兩歲。

This building is 20 meters higher than that one.

3.“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”。   

It is getting warmer and warmer.天氣越來越暖和。

He is running faster and faster.他跑得越來越快。

0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful.我們祖國越來越美了。

4.“the more…, the more…”表示“越……,就越……”,

The more,the better.多多益善。

The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越細(xì)心,犯錯(cuò)就越少。

5.“the more…of the two…”表示“兩個(gè)當(dāng)中較……的一個(gè)”

  The taller of the two boys is my brother.

 

四、當(dāng)三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),我們需要用到形容詞(副詞)的最高級

1.表達(dá)“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容詞(副詞)的最高級”的結(jié)構(gòu)。后面可以加上表示范圍的介詞短語或從句。

公式:主語+be動(dòng)詞+the +形容詞最高級+(名詞)+表示范圍的介詞短語或從句

主語+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+(the) +形容詞最高級+表示范圍的介詞短語或從句

He is the tallest (student) in our class.   

He jumps the highest of the three boys.

   This is the best book that I have ever read.

2.表示“最…的…中一個(gè)”,用“one of +the +最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。

He is one of the best students in our class.他是我們班最好的學(xué)生之一。

This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.
這是花園里最漂亮的花之。

注意:(一) 形容詞的最高級前面有定冠詞the , 而副詞的最高級前面定冠詞the可以省略。但在形容詞最高級前有物主代詞時(shí),不能要定冠詞the.

(二)常見的用來表示范圍的介詞有in, of, among

 

五、運(yùn)用形容詞、副詞比較級應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的問題:

(一)、按語法規(guī)則,than后面的人稱代詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用主格,但口語當(dāng)中有時(shí)會(huì)用賓格代替主格。 

He is more careful than I (me).

(二)、只有同類的事物才能比較  

    Her bag is bigger than mine. 

不能說 Her bag is bigger than I.

The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.

不能說The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.

 

【語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題】

1、That boy looks as _________  as a boxer.

A. strong    B. stronger    C. strongest    D. more strong

2、The Summer Palace is________   than Zhong Shan park.

A. biger    B. more big    C. the biggest    D. bigger

3、Which do you like__________ , apples or oranges?

A. good    B. better   C. best    D. well

4、--Oh, the food is bad.

   --I think so .And the service(服務(wù)) is __________.

A.the worst     B.  worse   C.  badder     D.  the worse

5、--You are the same coat as I.

   --Yes, Mine is __________  , but not so __________ as yours.

A. better, expensive             B. better, more expensive   

C. much better, more expensive    D. good, more expensive

6、The experts think that India’s population may be_____than China’s __________ 2020.

A. much, by     B. more, in    C. larger, by    D. larger, on

7、This year our school is __________     than it was last year.

A. much beautiful    B. the most beautiful   
C. beautifuler       D. much more beautiful

8、__________   you work, __________ knowledge you will get.

A. The harder, more    B. The harder, the more  
C. Harder, the more    D. Harder, more

9、He has__________ friends than I.

A. much more    B. many more    C. very more    D. too more

10、She draws better than__________      .

A. us all    B. we all    C. all us    D. all we

11、Shanghai is larger than__________ city in China.

    A. any   B. any other   C. the others   D. any else

12、I’m not sure whether Mary can sing __________ Ann.

A. as well as   B. as good as   C. as better as    D. so good as

13、I have fewer apples than __________     .

A. he   B. his   C. hers    D. mine

14、The news is __________     surprising.

A. much   B. very   C. more    D. very much

15、The population of China is larger than __________     .

A. America   B. the one of Americas  

C. that of America   D. Americans

16、Which is ____________clothing store in your town?

     A. the best      B. the better        C. the most good   D. best

17、My sister is ____________person I know.

    A. the funniest    B. the funnier   C . the most fun  D. funniest

18、Is Mr Du __________ teacher in your school?

A. the most busy    B. the busier  

C. the most busiest   D. the busiest

19、He is ________more beuutiful than I.

A. too           B. enough        C. much        D. very

20、The box is ______heavy .I can’t move it.

A. much          B. more         C. enough      D. too

21、The book is the__________one in the bookshop.

     A.the most cheap        B.the expensive

     C.the most expensive    D.the less expensiver

22、I have _______ apples and ______milk than you.

A. many, little   B. more, less   C. more, least  D. many, less

23、You should study English hard, because it’s getting_________ in our country .

A. more and more important      B. more important and more important

C. importanter and importanter    D. important and important

24、Her brother is __________than she.

    A. 7 year older   B. 7 year  old    C. 7 years old  D. 7 years older

25、The Famous People Talent Show was one of ____________that I have ever seen.

A. the most fantastic show           B. most fantastic shows  

C. the more fantastic shows          D. the most fantastic shows

 

(Keys: 1—5ADBBA  6—10CDBAA  11—15BAABC 16—20AADCD 21—25CBADD )

典例剖析:

1.Do you enjoy _________ English in our class,Mr Green?
    A.teach     B.taught     C.to teach    D.teaching  (北京中考題)
【剖析】本題看出enjoy的用法。enjoy后接動(dòng)詞作賓語只能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式,不能用不定式,故答案選D.(類似的動(dòng)詞有:finish,practice,keep等。)

 

2.Lucy is _______ one of the twins.
    A.the tallest  B.taller  C.the taller  D.tall
【剖析】本題看出形容詞比較級和最高級的用法。雙胞胎是兩個(gè)人,比較時(shí)只能用比較級;the taller one是特指兩人中較高的那一人,故本題答案應(yīng)該選C.

3.This pair of shoes are not mine.Mine are black.(改錯(cuò))
                                  D
【剖析】本題看出pair的用法。shoes,pants,trousers(長褲),gloves(手套)等等一類詞直接做句子的主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù),但被pair修飾時(shí),則依據(jù)pair的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。本句主語應(yīng)是This pair of shoes,所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。故本題答案選B,并將其改為is.


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