中文字幕理论片,69视频免费在线观看,亚洲成人app,国产1级毛片,刘涛最大尺度戏视频,欧美亚洲美女视频,2021韩国美女仙女屋vip视频

打開APP
userphoto
未登錄

開通VIP,暢享免費電子書等14項超值服

開通VIP
【中考英語】初中英語總復習之語法篇--動詞的被動語態(tài)
初中英語總復習之語法篇--動詞的被動語態(tài)
初中英語被動語態(tài)考點聚焦
[焦點一]什么是被動語態(tài)?它是怎樣構(gòu)成的?
被動語態(tài)表明一個被動性動作,它由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與連系動詞be完全一樣。請看下表:
時 態(tài)
主語為單數(shù)被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成
主語為復數(shù)被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成
一般現(xiàn)在時
is/ am doneare done
一般過去時
was donewere done
一般將來時
will be done/ is (am) going to be donewill be done/ are going to be done
情態(tài)動詞
may/ can/ must/ should be donemay/ can/ must/ should be done
被動語態(tài)否定式為be not done,情態(tài)動詞被動語態(tài)否定式為情態(tài)動詞+not be done.
[焦點二]在什么情況下要使用被動語態(tài)?
在下列情況下要使用被動語態(tài):
1. 行為主體不明確,不必說出或者無法說出動作的執(zhí)行者時。如:
Football is played all over the world.
2. 不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作的執(zhí)行者時。如:
My bike was stolen. 我的自行車被盜了。
3. 漢語中含有“據(jù)說、據(jù)悉、有人說、大家說”等時。如:
It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and dropped some money down a chimney.
據(jù)說,有一天他爬到一所房子的頂上,往煙囪下面扔了一些錢。
4. 漢語中含有“被、由”等詞時。如:
Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.
魏華是被林濤叫來的。
5. 漢語中沒有“被、由”等詞,而在原句中試加這類詞且句意通順時。如:
These songs are usually sung by boys.
這些歌曲通常是男生唱的。(在“是”后面可以加上“由”)
6. 某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。如:
He was born in October, 1989.
7. 表示禮貌時。如:
You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00 p.m. tomorrow.
敬請您明天晚上8:00光臨我們的英語晚會。
[焦點三]那么在什么情況下不能使用被動語態(tài)呢?
在以下10種情況下均不能使用被動語態(tài):
1. 不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。如:
正:The story happened in London.
誤:The story was happened in London.
2. 表示狀態(tài)的動詞,如have,cost,fit,last,own,hold,become等往往不能用于被動語態(tài)。如:
正:The shirt fits him very well.
誤:He is fitted very well by the shirt.
3. 某些“不及物動詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞,如listen to,walk into,fall off等,往往不使用被動語態(tài)。如:
正:He walked into the room.
誤:The room was walked into by him.
4. 祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài)。如:
正:Look at the blackboard, please.
誤:The blackboard is looked at by you.
5. 賓語和主語所指的對象相同時不能用于被動語態(tài)。如:
正:We must help each other.
誤:Each other must be helped by us.
6. 某些及物動詞的賓語表示處所、地點、組織時不能用于被動語態(tài)。如:
正:He joined the League in 1998.
誤:The League was joined by him in 1998.
7. 動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式作賓語時不能用于被動語態(tài)。如:
正:They like to watch TV.
誤:To watch TV is liked by them.
正:He enjoys listening to the radio.
誤:Listening to the radio is enjoyed by him.
8. 主動句中有表示數(shù)量、長度、大小或程度的單詞或短語作賓語時往往不使用被動語態(tài)。如:
正:She pays three yuan for the tomatoes.
誤:Three yuan is paid for these tomatoes by her.
9. 由“動詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的英語習語(如make faces,make friends,take place等)一般不可改為被動語態(tài)。如:
正:The boy make faces in class.
誤:Faces are made by the boy in class.
10. 反身代詞在句中作賓語時,不能用被動語態(tài)。如:
正:You must look after yourself.
誤:Yourself must be looked after.
[焦點四]初中英語被動語態(tài)八注意
1.我們知道,主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,通常將主動語態(tài)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語;主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)橛山樵~by引導的賓語;謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)“be +過去分詞”形式,例如:
Everyone likes the interesting film. (主動語態(tài)) → The interesting film is liked by everyone. (被動語態(tài))
They used knives to cut things. (主動語態(tài)) → Knives are used to cut things. (被動語態(tài))
但是,并非所有由“be +過去分詞”構(gòu)成的形式就是被動語態(tài)。有時過去分詞已經(jīng)變?yōu)樾稳菰~,表示一種狀態(tài)。試比較:
My brother is very interested in English. 我哥哥對英語非常感興趣。(狀態(tài))
My brother was interested by what I told him. 我告訴他的話讓我哥哥非常感興趣。(動態(tài))
2.在被動語態(tài)中謂語動詞一定是及物動詞,也就是說必須跟賓語的動詞。如:
We can make metals into different shapes. (主動語態(tài)) → Metals can be made into different shapes. (被動語態(tài))
在主動語態(tài)中make是及物動詞,其動作的承受者即賓語是metals。
但是,并非所有的及物動詞都有被動語態(tài)。比如,表示靜態(tài)的動詞(have、belong to)、賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞等。例如:
He has a nice house. 他有一所漂亮的房子。
We must help each other. 我們應該互相幫助。
3.主動語態(tài)中的主語在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時通常變?yōu)橛山樵~by的引出的賓語。如:
They have already cut down the trees. → The trees have already been cut down by them. 那些樹木已經(jīng)被他們砍光。
如果謂語動詞是know,在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,原來的主語變?yōu)橛蓆o引出的賓語。如:
May people know him very well. → He is well known to many people. 很多人都非常了解他。
注意:我們之所以用被動語態(tài)是因為我們不清楚動作的執(zhí)行者、或沒有必要指出動詞的執(zhí)行者等。因此很多被動語態(tài)沒有由by引出的賓語。如:
People may lose their lives and homes or they may be injured badly in a fire. 在大火中人們可能失去性命和家園,要不就是嚴重燒傷。
It is used for protecting the fireman from smoke. 它用來保護消防人員以避免吸進煙霧。
4.在主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,時態(tài)一般應保持一致。如:
We will build more factories in my hometown. → More factories will be built in my hometown. 我們家鄉(xiāng)將要建起更多的工廠。
為此,我們必須記住以下某些時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu):
do(es)→ is/am/are done           did → was/were done
have/has done → have/has been done   will do → will be done
be doing → be being done
5.某些動詞可以跟雙賓語如give、pass、bring、write;buy、make等,在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時如果直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的主語,則間接賓語通常由介詞to、for引出。例如:
My sister gave me a nice watch for my birthday. → A nice watch was given to me by my sister for my birthday. 我過生日時收到了姐姐的一塊手表。
They have bought us many books. → Many books have been bought for us by them. 很多書都是由他們給我們買的。
6.某些動詞make、hear、see、watch等在主動語態(tài)中,其賓語補足語要求用不帶to的不定式。但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時通常省略的不定式符號to必須恢復。如:
He made us clean the classroom after school. → We were made to clean the classroom after school. 我們被迫在放學后打掃教室。
I saw him come into the room. → He was seen to come into the room. 人們看見他進了屋子。
7.在主動語態(tài)中如果謂語動詞是含有介詞或副詞的短語動詞,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時不能丟掉該介詞或副詞。如:
They must take good care of the children. → The children must be taken good care of. 孩子們必須小心照看。
8.英語中某些動詞如sell、lock、draw、start等在否定句、進行時或用在某些形容詞、副詞前可以表示被動意義。如:
This kind of books sells well. 這種書暢銷。
The door won’t lock. 門鎖鎖不上。
本站僅提供存儲服務,所有內(nèi)容均由用戶發(fā)布,如發(fā)現(xiàn)有害或侵權(quán)內(nèi)容,請點擊舉報。
打開APP,閱讀全文并永久保存 查看更多類似文章
猜你喜歡
類似文章
初中英語的五大基本句型
中考英語語法難點大全
初中英語總復習專題:被動語態(tài)
50句使用頻率最高的英語口語
仁愛版英語|九年級上冊所有必考知識點都在這里了,適合收藏學習一整年(下)
英語被動語態(tài)知識歸納
更多類似文章 >>
生活服務
熱點新聞
分享 收藏 導長圖 關(guān)注 下載文章
綁定賬號成功
后續(xù)可登錄賬號暢享VIP特權(quán)!
如果VIP功能使用有故障,
可點擊這里聯(lián)系客服!

聯(lián)系客服