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Vertebra椎骨
Cervical Spine頸椎
Thoracic Spine(kyphosis)胸椎(后凸)
Lumbar Spine(lordosis)腰椎（前凸）
Sacrum骶骨
Sacroiliac (SI)Joints骶髂關(guān)節(jié)(SI)
Vertebral Body椎體
Spinal Cord脊髓
Spinal Canal 椎管
Cauda Equina馬尾神經(jīng)
Lumbar Nerve Roots腰神經(jīng)根
Lumbar Nerve Distribution腰椎神經(jīng)分布
Thoracic Nerve Distribution胸椎神經(jīng)分布
Cervical Nerve Distribution頸神經(jīng)分布
Spinal Segment脊柱節(jié)段
Nerve Root神經(jīng)根
Intervertebral Disc椎間盤
Facet Joints小關(guān)節(jié)
Nucleus Pulposus髓核
Annulus Fibrosus纖維環(huán)
Articular Cartilage關(guān)節(jié)軟骨
Neural Foramen神經(jīng)孔
Lumbar Ligaments腰椎韌帶
Lumbar Muscles腰椎肌肉
Superficial Layer 表層
Middle Layer中間層
補充文章：
from：
https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/spine-anatomy/lumbar-spine-anatomy-and-pain
The lower back comprises the lumbar spine, which is formed by vertebral bones, intervertebral discs, nerves, muscles, ligaments, and blood vessels. The spinal cord ends at the top of the lumbar spine, and the remaining nerve roots, called the cauda equina, descend down the remainder of the spinal canal.
下背部包括腰椎，由椎骨、椎間盤、神經(jīng)、肌肉、韌帶和血管組成。脊髓結(jié)束于腰椎的頂部，剩下的神經(jīng)根，稱為馬尾神經(jīng)，向下延伸至椎管的剩余部分。
While the lumbar spine is sturdy and resilient, it is subject to a high degree of stress and loads, which may cause various problems, resulting in pain. This article provides an overview of the lumbar spine including its anatomy and the potential problems that can occur in this region.
雖然腰椎是堅固和有彈性的，但它受到高度的壓力和負荷，這可能會引起各種問題，導(dǎo)致疼痛。這篇文章提供了一個腰椎的概述，包括它的解剖和可能發(fā)生在這個區(qū)域的潛在問題。
Functions of the Lumbar Spine
The lower back performs the following important functions:
Support and stabilize the upper body. The 5 lumbar vertebrae are the largest compared to other spinal regions. 1,2 In conjunction with the muscles and ligaments, these vertebrae help support the weight of the upper body, including the head and neck. The lumbar spine also transfers loads from the upper body to the legs.2
Allow truncal movements. The lower back is the primary facilitator for movements of the trunk in various directions, including front and back, side to side, and twisting movements.3 Movement mostly occurs in the last two vertebral levels.4
Protect the spinal cord and cauda equina. The upper lumbar vertebrae protect the spinal cord in their vertebral arches. The lower vertebrae provide a bony enclosure for the cauda equina nerves that descend from the spinal cord.
Control leg movements. The lumbar spinal nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and cauda equina to control movements and sensation in the legs.
When viewed from the side, the lumbar spine has a concave lordotic curve that helps distribute weights and reduce the concentration of stresses. An increase or decrease in this lordosis may contribute to lower back pain.
腰椎的功能
下背部有以下重要功能:
支撐和穩(wěn)定上半身。與其他脊柱區(qū)域相比，5腰椎是最大的。與肌肉和韌帶一起，這些椎骨幫助支撐上半身的重量，包括頭部和頸部。腰椎也將負載從上半身轉(zhuǎn)移到腿部
使軀干的運動。下背部是軀干各個方向運動的主要促進者，包括前后、左右和扭轉(zhuǎn)運動運動主要發(fā)生在最后兩個椎節(jié)
保護脊髓和馬尾神經(jīng)。上腰椎在其椎弓中保護脊髓。較低的椎骨為從脊髓延伸下來的馬尾神經(jīng)提供了一個骨性外殼。
控制腿部運動。腰椎神經(jīng)從脊髓和馬尾神經(jīng)分支出來控制腿部運動和感覺的腰椎神經(jīng)
當(dāng)從側(cè)面看時，腰椎有一個凹的前凸曲線，這有助于分配重量和減少應(yīng)力的集中。脊柱前凸的增加或減少可能導(dǎo)致腰痛。
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