由于諸多主觀和客觀原因,現(xiàn)代女性的生娃意愿持續(xù)走低,造成許多國家人口出現(xiàn)負增長,其中包括中國。不過,由于各種生理和心理原因,不少女性仍然希望生娃,其中包括乳腺癌女性,生育力保存和后續(xù)生娃對于她們至關重要。對生娃的擔憂可影響生活質(zhì)量,而且可能對治療決策和患者結(jié)局產(chǎn)生負面影響,因為一些患者可能由于不孕風險而放棄推薦的治療。激素受體陽性早期乳腺癌女性患者擔憂后續(xù)生娃可能增加乳腺癌復發(fā)風險,這可能影響其關于生娃的決策。然而,回顧研究證據(jù)表明,后續(xù)生娃與乳腺癌復發(fā)風險無顯著相關性。使生娃決策變得更加復雜的是,乳腺癌術后5~10年內(nèi)分泌治療可顯著降低復發(fā)風險,但是治療期間,生娃是禁忌證,與此同時卵巢儲備逐步自然下降。而且,關于激素受體陽性早期乳腺癌患者為嘗試生娃而暫停內(nèi)分泌治療后的復發(fā)風險,目前缺乏前瞻研究證據(jù)。
2023年5月4日,國際四大醫(yī)學期刊之首、創(chuàng)刊211年的美國麻省醫(yī)學會《新英格蘭醫(yī)學雜志》正式發(fā)表國際乳腺癌研究協(xié)作組(IBCSG)POSITIVE研究報告,首次前瞻調(diào)查了絕經(jīng)前早期乳腺癌術后內(nèi)分泌治療有效患者為嘗試生娃而暫停內(nèi)分泌治療對乳腺癌復發(fā)風險的影響。
POSITIVE (NCT02308085): Pregnancy Outcome and Safety of Interrupting Therapy for Women With Endocrine Responsive Breast Cancer (A Study Evaluating the Pregnancy Outcomes and Safety of Interrupting Endocrine Therapy for Young Women With Endocrine Responsive Breast Cancer Who Desire Pregnancy)
該國際多中心前瞻單組非盲非對照臨床研究于2014年12月至2019年12月從全球20個國家116個臨床研究中心入組年齡≤42歲、有Ⅰ~Ⅲ期乳腺癌史、術后內(nèi)分泌治療已18~30個月、希望生娃女性患者516例,中位年齡37歲,確診乳腺癌至入組中位間隔29個月,93.4%為Ⅰ或Ⅱ期乳腺癌。患者入組前1個月內(nèi)暫停內(nèi)分泌治療,3個月后可開始嘗試生娃,暫停內(nèi)分泌治療至多2年,用于嘗試受孕、妊娠、分娩及哺乳。完成生娃后強烈建議重啟內(nèi)分泌治療,以完成計劃的術后5~10年內(nèi)分泌療程。主要研究終點為隨訪期間的乳腺癌事件,定義為乳腺浸潤癌復發(fā)(局部、區(qū)域或遠處)或新發(fā)對側(cè)乳腺浸潤癌。主要分析計劃于患者數(shù)×隨訪年達1600后進行。預設安全界值為在此期間發(fā)生46例乳腺癌事件。根據(jù)倫理學和可行性,該研究將SOFT研究和TEXT研究符合本研究入組標準的1499例患者作為外部對照組,匹配了對研究終點有影響的5個臨床指標:年齡、體重指數(shù)、淋巴結(jié)狀態(tài)、既往芳香化酶抑制劑和化療與否,這使研究結(jié)果更具有說服力。
結(jié)果,497例女性完成妊娠隨訪,其中368例(74.0%)至少妊娠一次,317例(63.8%)至少活產(chǎn)一次,共計365例嬰兒出生。
患者數(shù)×隨訪年達1638時中位隨訪41個月,44例患者發(fā)生乳腺癌事件,該結(jié)果未超過安全界值。
治療暫停組與外部對照組相比,3年乳腺癌事件發(fā)生率為8.9%比9.2%(95%置信區(qū)間:6.3~11.6、7.6~10.8)。
因此,該研究結(jié)果表明,對于有激素受體陽性早期乳腺癌史的特定女性,為嘗試生娃而暫停內(nèi)分泌治療者與外部對照者相比,乳腺癌事件(包括遠處復發(fā))短期風險并未升高,反而略低。
當然,該研究難以避免一些局限。首先,目前中位隨訪僅3.4年,而激素受體陽性早期乳腺癌術后復發(fā)風險長達10年以上,該研究方案規(guī)定的10年隨訪對于了解暫停輔助內(nèi)分泌治療長期安全性至關重要。其次,研究設計期間,研究者擔心患者之后不再恢復治療,雖然研究計劃暫停內(nèi)分泌治療,而不是永久停止治療,但是未恢復治療的患者比例(截至數(shù)據(jù)庫鎖定時為15.4%)似乎與既往研究(包括SOFT和TEXT,其中近20%女性停止研究方案分配的內(nèi)分泌治療)年輕患者比例相似。第三,雖然該研究入組大量乳腺癌3級、腫瘤體積較大、淋巴結(jié)陽性或上述兩種或兩種以上情況同時存在的患者,但是“健康母親”效應仍然可能使該研究結(jié)果產(chǎn)生偏倚,即健康狀況較好、復發(fā)風險較低的患者,與健康狀況較差、復發(fā)風險較高的患者相比,更有可能入組該研究并成功生娃,雖然該研究已經(jīng)與符合該研究入組標準女性所組成的對照患者進行比較;不過,這也正好說明生理和心理健康狀況較好、復發(fā)風險較低的患者更適合生娃,生理和心理健康狀況較差、復發(fā)風險較高的患者不能勉強生娃。第四,雖然自展匹配法比較了在幾個預后因素方面高度匹配的組,但是組間殘余不平衡仍有可能影響結(jié)果,假如應用隨機試驗設計,可以更好地解決乳腺癌結(jié)局以及妊娠和出生結(jié)局方面的潛在混雜因素,但是該方法既不符合倫理學,也不可行。第五,就年齡及人種或族群而言,該研究人群以歐美、日本、澳大利亞等發(fā)達國家患者為主,沒有中國患者,不能代表更廣泛的絕經(jīng)前乳腺癌患者人群。第六,該研究僅有不到5%的患者陽性淋巴結(jié)超過4個,這部分風險?;颊呷绾文軌蚋踩厣奘侵档藐P注的問題。
N Engl J Med. 2023 May 4;388(18):1645-1656. IF: 176.079
Interrupting Endocrine Therapy to Attempt Pregnancy after Breast Cancer.
Partridge AH, Niman SM, Ruggeri M, Peccatori FA, Azim HA Jr, Colleoni M, Saura C, Shimizu C, Saetersdal AB, Kroep JR, Mailliez A, Warner E, Borges VF, Amant F, Gombos A, Kataoka A, Rousset-Jablonski C, Borstnar S, Takei J, Lee JE, Walshe JM, Ruíz-Borrego M, Moore HCF, Saunders C, Bjelic-Radisic V, Susnjar S, Cardoso F, Smith KL, Ferreiro T, Ribi K, Ruddy K, Kammler R, El-Abed S, Viale G, Piccart M, Korde LA, Goldhirsch A, Gelber RD, Pagani O; International Breast Cancer Study Group; POSITIVE Trial Collaborators.
BACKGROUND: Prospective data on the risk of recurrence among women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer who temporarily discontinue endocrine therapy to attempt pregnancy are lacking.
METHODS: We conducted a single-group trial in which we evaluated the temporary interruption of adjuvant endocrine therapy to attempt pregnancy in young women with previous breast cancer. Eligible women were 42 years of age or younger; had had stage I, II, or III disease; had received adjuvant endocrine therapy for 18 to 30 months; and desired pregnancy. The primary end point was the number of breast cancer events (defined as local, regional, or distant recurrence of invasive breast cancer or new contralateral invasive breast cancer) during follow-up. The primary analysis was planned to be performed after 1600 patient-years of follow-up. The prespecified safety threshold was the occurrence of 46 breast cancer events during this period. Breast cancer outcomes in this treatment-interruption group were compared with those in an external control cohort consisting of women who would have met the entry criteria for the current trial.
RESULTS: Among 516 women, the median age was 37 years, the median time from breast cancer diagnosis to enrollment was 29 months, and 93.4% had stage I or II disease. Among 497 women who were followed for pregnancy status, 368 (74.0%) had at least one pregnancy and 317 (63.8%) had at least one live birth. In total, 365 babies were born. At 1638 patient-years of follow-up (median follow-up, 41 months), 44 patients had a breast cancer event, a result that did not exceed the safety threshold. The 3-year incidence of breast cancer events was 8.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3 to 11.6) in the treatment-interruption group and 9.2% (95% CI, 7.6 to 10.8) in the control cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: Among select women with previous hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer, temporary interruption of endocrine therapy to attempt pregnancy did not confer a greater short-term risk of breast cancer events, including distant recurrence, than that in the external control cohort. Further follow-up is critical to inform longer-term safety.
Funded by ETOP IBCSG Partners Foundation and others
POSITIVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02308085
PMID: 37133584
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2212856
N Engl J Med. 2023 May 4;388(18):1709-1710. IF: 176.079
POSITIVE Results for Breast Cancer Survivors Who Desire Pregnancy.
Giordano SH.
University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
PMID: 37133590
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe2301139
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