脊椎病就是脊椎的骨質(zhì)、椎間盤、韌帶、肌肉發(fā)生病變，進而壓迫、刺激脊髓、脊神經(jīng)、血管、植物神經(jīng)從而出現(xiàn)復雜多樣的癥狀。常見病種為頸椎病、腰椎病。這里以腰椎為例進行動畫演示。
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Spondylosis
脊椎病
Spondylosis is an umbrella term used to describe pain from degenerative conditions of the spine.
脊椎病是涵蓋性術語，用于描述脊柱退變性疾病引起的疼痛。
Most spondylosis symptoms result from spinal osteoarthritis, but there may be other causes as well.
引起脊椎病癥狀的主要原因是脊柱骨關節(jié)炎，但其它原因也會引起脊椎病。
Spinal osteoarthritis primarily affects the facet joints, which are paired joints on the back of each vertebral level.
脊柱骨關節(jié)炎首先侵犯關節(jié)突關節(jié)，那是每個椎節(jié)水平后方成對的關節(jié)。
As facet joint cartilage breaks down, bones in the joint grind against one another, causing friction and loss of mobility. This friction can lead to the development of osteophytes, or bone spurs, which can cause pain if they impinge upon surrounding spinal nerves, muscles, or ligaments.
當關節(jié)突關節(jié)的軟骨破壞后，關節(jié)的骨頭相互之間研磨，發(fā)生摩擦，失去靈活性。摩擦會導致骨贅（或骨刺）的產(chǎn)生，如果與周圍的脊神經(jīng)、肌肉或韌帶撞擊會產(chǎn)生疼痛。
Facet joint problems can lead to spondylolisthesis in the lower back, in which a vertebra slides forward over the one beneath.
關節(jié)突關節(jié)的病變會導致腰椎滑脫，即一個椎體在另一個椎體上面向前滑移。
This slippage can result in nerve root compression of the sciatic nerve, and pain down the back and into the buttocks and leg, often called sciatica.
這種滑移會導致神經(jīng)根受壓，疼痛從腰部向下放射到臀部和腿上，即通常所說的坐骨神經(jīng)痛。
Spondylosis may also describe pain caused by spinal stenosis, in which a spinal nerve root becomes compressed as it passes through the foramina, an opening in the side of each vertebra.
脊椎病也用于描述由椎管狹窄引起的疼痛，此時，脊神經(jīng)根在經(jīng)過椎間孔時受到壓迫。椎間孔是每個椎體兩側的開口。
This nerve compression can be caused by a bone spur that encroaches upon the foraminal area.
當骨刺侵占椎間孔區(qū)域時也會導致這種神經(jīng)壓迫。
Spondylosis may also refer to degenerative changes in the disc called degenerative disc disease, in which spinal discs begin to thin, lose moisture, and break down.
脊椎病還可以指椎間盤的退行性改變，這被稱為退變性椎間盤疾病。這時，椎間盤變薄、失去水分，并破裂。
Pain from degenerative disc disease can originate in the disc itself, or come from changes in the biomechanics of the spine.
退變性椎間盤疾病導致的疼痛可源于椎間盤本身，或由脊柱生物力學的改變而產(chǎn)生。
It is important to understand that spondylosis is not a medical diagnosis; it is a term that describes symptoms related to degenerative changes in the spine.
重要的是要知道脊椎病并不是醫(yī)學診斷，它是個術語，用于描述與脊柱退行性改變相關的癥狀。
（高晨珉 轉(zhuǎn)）
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