12%害羞的青少年可能患有社交恐懼
A small portion of shy teenagers may actually have social phobia, according to a new national study of adolescents.
根據(jù)一項(xiàng)針對(duì)全國(guó)青少年的研究顯示，一小部分的害羞的孩子確實(shí)有可能患有社交恐懼。
Social phobia, a persistent, debilitating fear of situations that could involve scrutiny and judgment, is a somewhat controversial diagnosis in children and teens, with critics arguing that the diagnosis turns normal shyness into a medical condition. But the new research finds that teens who meet the criteria for social phobia are also more likely to struggle with depression, anxiety, substance disorders and other problems. That finding suggests that social phobia is a serious condition beyond regular shyness, the researchers report Monday (Oct. 17) in the journal Pediatrics.
社交恐懼是一種持續(xù)性的，對(duì)各種情況的衰弱性恐懼，可能包括觀察能力和判斷力。它是一種在兒童和青少年中有點(diǎn)爭(zhēng)議的診斷，評(píng)論家們?cè)诎堰@診斷從正常的害羞變成某種意料狀況上存在爭(zhēng)議。但是新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，凡是符合社交恐懼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的青少年也更容易陷入沮喪、焦慮、物質(zhì)障礙和其他問(wèn)題中。這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)介紹說(shuō)，社交恐懼是在正常害羞之上的的更嚴(yán)重的狀況，研究者在周一（10月17號(hào)）的Pediatrics雜志發(fā)表了這一研究成果。
To uncover the overlap between shyness and social phobia, the researchers drew from a nationally representative survey of 10,123 American teenagers and 6,483 of their parents. In face-to-face sessions, the teenagers answered questions about their level of shyness, anxiety and prescription medication use. The teens were also evaluated for social phobia.
Parents were more likely to rate their teens as shy than the teens themselves, with 62.4 percent of parents saying their teens were shy while only 46.7 percent of teens described themselves that way. Of the students who called themselves shy, 12.4 percent actually met the criteria to be diagnosed with social phobia. Of the teens described as shy by their parents, 10.6 percent met the criteria for social phobia. Of teens not identified as shy, about 5 percent met the social phobia criteria.
為了揭示害羞和社交恐懼之間重合的部分，研究者從對(duì)10123名美國(guó)青少年和6483名他們的父母的全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)代表性的調(diào)查中進(jìn)行研究。在面對(duì)面調(diào)查的環(huán)節(jié)，青少年回答關(guān)于他們害羞、焦慮和處方藥使用情況等級(jí)的問(wèn)題。那些青少年同時(shí)進(jìn)行了對(duì)社交恐懼的測(cè)評(píng)。
相對(duì)青少年自己，家長(zhǎng)們更可能將他們的孩子歸為害羞，62.4%的家長(zhǎng)聲稱(chēng)他們的孩子是害羞的，而只有46.7%的青少年以這樣的方式描述自己。在稱(chēng)自己害羞的學(xué)生中，實(shí)際上，12.4%符合可以診斷為社交恐懼的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在被家長(zhǎng)描述成害羞的青少年中，10.4%符合社交恐懼的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在那些沒(méi)有將自己定義為害羞的青少年中，大約5%的符合社交恐懼的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
The results suggest that "social phobia is not simply shyness," the researchers wrote. "In contrast to the high frequency of shyness observed among U.S. adolescents, social phobia affected a minority of youth."
結(jié)果顯示，“社交恐懼不是簡(jiǎn)單的害羞”，研究者寫(xiě)道?！跋啾仍诿绹?guó)青少年中觀察到的害羞的高頻率，社交恐懼影響了一小部分的青少年”。
More tellingly, the researchers reported, teenagers who met the criteria for social phobia reported more social struggles and more additional psychological disorders than the teens who were simply shy. Despite these troubles, the socially phobic teens were no more likely than their counterparts to be taking medication.
更能說(shuō)明問(wèn)題的是，根據(jù)研究者的報(bào)告，符合社交恐懼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的青少年相對(duì)那些僅僅是害羞的青少年而言，會(huì)遇到更多的社會(huì)掙扎（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）和額外的心理障礙。盡管有這些麻煩，患有社會(huì)恐懼癥的青少年并沒(méi)有比那些正常的伙伴多服藥。
The implication, the researchers wrote, is that social phobia should be taken seriously in young people.
言外之意，研究者寫(xiě)道，就是在年輕人中，社交恐懼需要認(rèn)真對(duì)待。
"Although many adolescents with social phobia demonstrate marked impairment, results suggest that few ever seek or obtain professional help," the researchers wrote. "Persistent claims that dispute the severity of this condition among youth likely will do little to alter their course."
“盡管許多患有社交恐懼癥的青少年表現(xiàn)出明顯的減少，研究結(jié)果提到很少有人尋求或者獲得專(zhuān)業(yè)的幫助”，研究者寫(xiě)道，“在青少年間對(duì)這種狀況的爭(zhēng)議的持續(xù)性呼吁似乎對(duì)改變他們的課程的作用不大”。
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