“逝者如斯夫，不舍晝夜?！?/span>
轉(zhuǎn)眼間，2018年的“余額”已經(jīng)不足一個(gè)月了。假如用詞語(yǔ)來(lái)概括即將過(guò)去的一年，哪些詞語(yǔ)能上榜呢？
12月3日，《咬文嚼字》雜志編輯部公布了2018年十大流行語(yǔ)。它們分別是：命運(yùn)共同體、錦鯉、官宣、佛系、確認(rèn)過(guò)眼神、教科書(shū)式、退群、巨嬰、杠精和店小二。
你知道這十個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的含義嗎？一起來(lái)get一下這些詞語(yǔ)的中英文釋義吧！
命運(yùn)共同體(mìng yùn gòng tóng tǐ)——A community with shared future
命運(yùn)共同體，即在相同條件下結(jié)成的命運(yùn)攸關(guān)的集體，源自“人類(lèi)命運(yùn)共同體”一詞。人類(lèi)命運(yùn)共同體指的是各國(guó)在追求本國(guó)利益時(shí)兼顧他國(guó)合理關(guān)切，在謀求本國(guó)發(fā)展中促進(jìn)各國(guó)共同發(fā)展。
The phrase means that different parts become an integral whole with common destiny, and it derives from the term “a community with shared future for mankind.' According to the idea of “a community of shared future for mankind,' a country should accommodate the legitimate concerns of others when pursuing its own interests; and it should promote common development of all countries when advancing its own development.
錦鯉(jǐn lǐ)——Koi fish
錦鯉，本是一種高檔觀賞魚(yú)，有“水中活寶石”之稱(chēng)，具有很高的觀賞性和飼養(yǎng)價(jià)值。在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中，錦鯉便象征著好運(yùn)和財(cái)富。而在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，網(wǎng)友們喜歡轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)錦鯉圖片求好運(yùn)，“錦鯉”也指那些運(yùn)氣極佳的人。2018年，微博上最火的兩條“錦鯉”莫過(guò)于選秀節(jié)目選手楊超越以及支付寶“中國(guó)錦鯉”抽獎(jiǎng)活動(dòng)中獎(jiǎng)?wù)摺靶判〈簟薄?/span>
Koi fish, domesticated version of common carp, is famous for the beautiful colors which are created via selective breeding. The fish has long been held as a symbol of good fortune and prosperity in traditional Chinese culture. Today, Koi fish still represents good luck for millions of netizens who like forwarding posts featuring koi fish with messages like 'your dreams will come true' to wish their friends and family good fortune.
'Koi fish' is also a common slang for 'lucky guys' on social media. This year, two of the most popular “koi fish” on Weibo, China’s Twitter-like social media platform, are Yang Chaoyue, a 20-year-old singer who won the third prize at an online talent show out of pure chance, and “Xinxiaodai”, a 26-year-old IT engineer based in Beijing who was dubbed “national koi” for winning an online lottery sponsored by Alipay.
官宣(guān xuān) ——Officially announce
“官宣”一詞為“官方宣布”的縮寫(xiě)。2018年10月16日，明星趙麗穎和馮紹峰在微博上用“官宣”一詞宣布婚訊。因?yàn)閮扇朔劢z眾多，婚訊備受關(guān)注，兩人的“官宣”微博也引發(fā)了微博網(wǎng)友的瘋狂轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，“官宣”一詞隨后也成了網(wǎng)絡(luò)流行語(yǔ)。
This term literally means “to officially announce” or “an official announcement.” It went viral after two Chinese celebrities, Zhao Liying and Feng Shaofeng , who amassed tens of millions of Weibo followers, used the term to officially disclose their union on Weibo on October 16. The term has flooded Chinese social media since then after being reposted by fans.
佛系(fó xì)——Buddha-like
“佛系”是一個(gè)外來(lái)詞。2014年日本某雜志介紹了“佛系男子”，即愛(ài)獨(dú)處、專(zhuān)注于自己興趣的年輕男人。2017年12月，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上流行的一篇文章——《第一批90后已經(jīng)出家了》使“佛系”一詞在中國(guó)爆紅。文章談?wù)摿艘恍胺鹣怠蹦贻p人“怎么都行、隨遇而安、不大走心、看淡一切”的生活方式。
The term “Buddha-like” actually has nothing to do with Buddhism. It was first used in 2014 by a Japanese magazine to describe those male millennials, who live alone and concentrate on their own hobbies. The phrase went viral on Chinese social media last December, and it denotes to a care-free Chinese generation that is content without the trappings of life that their parents valued, and ready to face the world with a Buddha-like detachment. What will be will be, in wealth, employment and love.
確認(rèn)過(guò)眼神(què rèn guò yǎn shén)——From what I can see in your eyes
這一詞語(yǔ)出自歌手林俊杰《醉赤壁》里的一句歌詞：“確認(rèn)過(guò)眼神，我遇上對(duì)的人”。它其實(shí)表達(dá)的是“檢查過(guò)”、“甄別過(guò)”的意思。而這一詞語(yǔ)的流行，也在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上掀起了一場(chǎng)造句“競(jìng)賽”，如 “確認(rèn)過(guò)眼神，你是警察叔叔要找的人”。
Taken from singer and songwriter JJ Lin’s “Drunken Red Cliff”, the term actually means “making judgments after examining and distinguishing carefully.' The increasing popularity of the term also inspires netizens to create various similar sentences, like “From what I can see in your eyes, you are the wanted criminal.'
教科書(shū)式(jiào kē shū shì)——By the book
2018年5月，一段上海民警街頭執(zhí)法的視頻走紅網(wǎng)絡(luò)。視頻中，無(wú)論是他的執(zhí)法程序還是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指令都無(wú)可挑剔，被網(wǎng)民稱(chēng)為“教科書(shū)式執(zhí)法”。隨著視頻在網(wǎng)上熱傳，“教科書(shū)式”一詞也逐漸流傳開(kāi)來(lái)，人們用它來(lái)形容某事做得非常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范。
Referring to something that sets a characteristic example or standard of its kind, the term reportedly became trending when a video went viral showing a Shanghai police officer who acted by the book to forcibly demand a driver's license. The term can also be used to describe something that went perfectly wrong.
退群(tuì qún)——Leave/withdraw from the chat
退群，最開(kāi)始只是指退出某個(gè)社交平臺(tái)的小組。后來(lái)，它的使用范圍擴(kuò)大，也指退出某一群體。如人們用退群來(lái)形容英國(guó)脫歐以及美國(guó)總統(tǒng)特朗普上臺(tái)后，美國(guó)接連退出巴黎氣候協(xié)定、聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織、萬(wàn)國(guó)郵政聯(lián)盟等。
“Leave/withdraw from the chat” simply means when someone chooses to leave a chat group in social messaging apps like WeChat or WhatsApp, or withdraw themselves from a social circle. However, it's widely generalized by Chinese netizens and media to describe the pattern of behavior or the phenomenon of high-profile political leaders who choose to withdraw from previously established terms and coalitions, for example, Brexit and the Paris Climate Agreement.
巨嬰(jù yīng)——Giant infant
巨嬰本是指體形巨大的嬰兒。近年來(lái)，人們用“巨嬰”指心理滯留在嬰兒階段的成年人。這類(lèi)人以自我為中心，缺乏規(guī)則意識(shí)，沒(méi)有道德約束，一旦出現(xiàn)超乎自己預(yù)期的情況，就會(huì)情緒失控，產(chǎn)生過(guò)激的非理性行為。如人們用“巨嬰”一詞形容 “高鐵座霸”。
To characterize someone who's narcissistic, self-absorbed, immature, lacks emotional intelligence, and often struggles to find independence or self-sufficiency in adulthood. It's widely used by netizens to mock childish behaviors by grownups，who cause social problems in public spaces. For example, the latest giant infant features the emerging of 'seat robbing' passengers on China's trains and buses. Over the past months, multiple passengers went viral for rightfully claiming and stealing the seats purchased by others.
杠精(gàng jīng)——A habitually-bickering person
杠精，指抬杠成癮的一類(lèi)群體。不管別人說(shuō)的是什么，先反駁挑刺，為了反對(duì)而反對(duì)，通過(guò)反駁別人來(lái)凸顯自己的優(yōu)越感。杠精常用的句式有 “只有我一個(gè)人覺(jué)得……”、“你們都……”
To describe a type of person who's addicted to disagreeing with others – online and offline – for the sake of argument. It's similar to keyboard warrior, a type of netizens who take to social media to attack, or troll others, or express their dissent.
店小二(diàn xiǎo èr)——waiter
店小二，原指舊時(shí)茶館、酒肆、旅店等處負(fù)責(zé)接待顧客的伙計(jì)，一般以態(tài)度熱情，服務(wù)周到著稱(chēng)。今年，“店小二”一詞演化出新的含義，指的是推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、為企業(yè)提供周到服務(wù)的政府部門(mén)及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部。
The word originally refers to waiters who worked at teahouses, restaurants and hotels in the past. This year, the word was redefined and used to refer to government officials who offer assistance to entrepreneurs and spare no efforts to promote economic development and reforms.
在其他榜單“C位”出道的年度詞匯
《咬文嚼字》雜志主編黃安靖表示：“流行語(yǔ)是社會(huì)生活的一面鏡子，從流行語(yǔ)中可以窺見(jiàn)社會(huì)文化生活的真實(shí)面貌?！背恕兑慕雷帧冯s志，其他一些語(yǔ)言機(jī)構(gòu)也評(píng)選出了他們的年度流行詞匯來(lái)概括總結(jié)過(guò)去的一年。
牛津詞典選擇了“toxic”(有毒的)一詞作為2018年度詞匯。根據(jù)牛津詞典的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2018 年 “toxic”一詞在其網(wǎng)站上的搜索量增加了 45%。美國(guó)在線詞典網(wǎng)站Dictionary.com則將 “misinformation”(錯(cuò)誤信息)選為自己的年度詞匯。
Huang Anjing, chief editor of the leading linguistic magazine “Yaowen Jiaozi,” said the ten chosen terms took into account both the linguistic and sociological meaning, as they sought to reflect cultural identities and social values.
Apart from the magazine, several linguistic organizations also have picked their words of the year. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) has chosen “Toxic” as its word of the year. The word, defined as “poisonous” by OED, first appeared in English in the mid-17th century. According to OED, the word was chosen since there was a 45-percent increase in the number of times that it was looked up on its website this year. “Misinformation,' which means “false or inaccurate information,' was given the top spot by Dictionary.com. The website said that the word was selected since “the rampant spread of misinformation is really providing new challenges for navigating life in 2018.'
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