第八節(jié)．反意疑問句
1. 反意疑問句的形式
反意疑問句一般有以下四種形式：
肯定陳述句+否定反意疑問。例如：
This pencil is red，isn't it?
否定陳述句+肯定反意疑問。例如：
This pencil isn't red，is it?
肯定陳述句+肯定反意疑問。例如：
This pencil is red，is it?
否定陳述句+否定反意疑問。例如：
This pencil isn't red，isn't it?
前兩種形式是主要的，后兩種不常見。
2. 反意疑問句的用法
1)當(dāng)陳述部分是therebe句型時，反意疑問部分的主語用there。例如：
There aren't a lot of flowers in the garden in winter，arethere?
There existed different opinions on this issue，didn'tthere?
2)當(dāng)陳述部分是以不定代詞one作主語時，反意疑問部分的主語在正式場合用one，在非正式場合用you。例如：
One cannot succeed at this，can one?
One cannot succeed at this，can you?
3)當(dāng)陳述部分是I'm…結(jié)構(gòu)時，反意疑問部分一般用aren'tI。例如：
I am a student，aren't I?
4)當(dāng)陳述部分是一個帶有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時，反意疑問部分一般根據(jù)主句的主語和謂語動詞而定。例如：
You told me (that) I had passed the exam，didn't you?
He says that everybody in our class will attend themeeting，doesn't he?
但是，當(dāng)陳述部分的主句是I think，I suppose，Ibelieve等結(jié)構(gòu)時，反意疑問部分則往往由that從句中的主語和謂語動詞決定，并且要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。
例如：
I believe (that) it is going to rain，isn'tit?
I don't think (that) he will come，will he?
5)當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語動詞是have時，反意疑問部分要根據(jù)have的意義及形式而定。
a．當(dāng)have表示“所有”含義時，反意疑問可以用have形式，也可以用do形式。例如：
He has a book in his hand，hasn't he?
He has a book in his hand，doesn't he?
b．當(dāng)陳述部分的動詞是have的否定形式時，反意疑問部分是用have形式還是用do形式，取決于陳述部分的動詞形式。例如：
You haven't a car，have you?
You don't have any money with you，do you?
c．當(dāng)have不表示“所有”含義而表示其他含義時，反意疑問句則必須用do的形式。例如：
We had a good time in the vacation，didn't we?
He has his breakfast at seven everyday，doesn't he?
You have to get up early tomorrow，don't you?
6)當(dāng)陳述部分帶有never，nothing，nowhere，seldom，hardly，rarely，few，little等否定詞或半否定詞時，反意疑問部分的動詞用肯定形式。例如：
The summit meeting never took place，did it?
You can hardly believe what he said，can you?
There is little ink in the bottle，is there?
Few people know this place，do they?
7)當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語動詞是帶有un-，in-，im-，dis-等否定前綴的動詞，則仍然把陳述部分看作肯定句，那么反意疑問部分用否定形式。例如：
He is impolite to the teacher，isn't he?
He distrusted anybody around him，didn't he?
8)當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動詞oughtto時，反意疑問部分在英式英語中用oughtto形式，在美式英語中用should形式。例如：
You ought to see the new picture，shouldn't you?
Teachers ought to be honoured，oughtn't they?
9)當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動詞usedto時，反意疑問部分可以用used to形式，也可以用did形式。例如：
She used to live abroad，usedn't she?
There used to be a news stand in the corner of the street，didn'tthere?
當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動詞must時，反意疑問部分需視must的含義而定。
a．當(dāng)must表示“命令或強制”時，反意疑問部分用mustn't。例如：
You must do it by yourself，mustn't you?
b．當(dāng)must表示“有必要”時，反意疑問部分用needn't。例如：
You must see him tonight，needn't you?
c．當(dāng)must表示“一定”或“想必”等推測意義時，反意疑問部分不用mustn't，而要根據(jù)must后的動詞形式而定。例如：
He must be crazy to do so，isn't he?
She must have been there for a long time，hasn't she?
They must have stayed at home last night，didn't they?
10)當(dāng)陳述部分帶有need時，反意疑問部分需視need的含義而定。如果need用作情態(tài)動詞，則反意疑問部分用need形式；如果need用作實義動詞，表示“需要”，則反意疑問部分用do形式。例如：
You needn't go there，need you?
She needs to go there，doesn't she?
Plants need sun to grow，don't they?
11)當(dāng)陳述部分帶有I'd better或I'drather時，反意疑問部分用hadn't或wouldn't。例如 ：
You'd better finish the task before tomorrow，hadn't you?
He'd rather stay with us，wouldn't he?
12)當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時，反意疑問部分一般用willyou，won't you，would you。例如：
Don't be too late，will you?
Close the door，won't you?
Come here，will you?
Open your books，would you?
13)陳述部分是以Let's開頭的祈使句時，反意疑問部分用shall we；若是以Letus開頭的祈使句，反意疑問部分則用will you。例如：
Let's have a party tonight，shall we?
Let us have a look at your pictures，will you?
注意, 如果祈使句是否定形式，那么反意疑問句只能用willyou。例如：
Don't forget to bring your notebooks here tomorrow，willyou?
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