四六級(jí)臨近,不到最后一刻,千萬不能放棄。今天給大家分析一下最讓人摸不著頭腦的選詞填空。
如何在5分鐘內(nèi)搞定這個(gè)分值比例為5%的題型呢?下面我們就以2017年6月的四級(jí)選詞填空真題來詳細(xì)說明一下吧。此題實(shí)為結(jié)構(gòu)題,而做結(jié)構(gòu)題,千萬不能全憑語感,而是要根據(jù)解題步驟來解題。
那么,解題步驟具體有哪幾步呢?
讀文章首段首句,確定文章主題
按照詞性與語法,將詞庫單詞分類
通過空格附近的前后詞,預(yù)判空格詞性
根據(jù)內(nèi)容選答案
理解全句,檢驗(yàn)答案
2017年6月四級(jí)選詞填空真題
The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花), for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a (26) _____ recent addition to the beverage. This was mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a (27) _____ ingredient in residue (殘留物) from 5,000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While excavating two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots, funnels, amphorae, and stoves (stove fragment pictured). The different shapes of the containers (28) _____ they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient 'beer-making toolkits,' and the earliest (29) _____ evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To (30) _____ that hypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried (31) _____ inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like millet and barley (大麥), and about 10% were bits of roots, (32) _____ lily, which would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: The crop was domesticated in western Eurasia and didn't become a (33) _____ food in central China until about 2,000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they suggest barley may have (34) _____ in the region not as food, but as (35) _____ material for beer brewing.
【選項(xiàng)】
以本題為例,讓我們實(shí)踐下解題步驟~
Step1: 讀文章首段首句,確定文章主題
我們根據(jù)首句不設(shè)空的原則,30秒內(nèi)掃讀一下文章的首段首句,把握一下主旨大意。文章首句為:The method for making beer has changed over time.(啤酒的制作方法隨著時(shí)間的變遷而發(fā)生了改變。)因此,文章接下來要講的內(nèi)容跟啤酒制作方法的變化有關(guān)。有的同學(xué)習(xí)慣把全文通讀一遍,其實(shí)沒有必要。
Step2: 按照詞性與語法,將詞庫單詞分類
就詞性而言,選詞填空主要考察四種詞性——名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞。大家可以根據(jù)詞的后綴進(jìn)行詞性的區(qū)分,常見的單詞后綴列舉如下:
1. 名詞(n.)后綴—— -sion, -tion, -ity, -ness
2. 動(dòng)詞(v.)后綴—— -ate, -en
3. 形容詞(a.)后綴—— -able, -ive, -ous, -ful, -less, -ent, -ant
4. 副詞(ad.)后綴—— -ly, -ward
就語法而言,除了單詞原形,選項(xiàng)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)以下三類單詞形式,因此在標(biāo)記的時(shí)候我們一并將其標(biāo)記出來。
1. 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式(pl.)
2. 動(dòng)詞的過去式和分詞形式(v-ing或v-ed)
3. 動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式(v-s/v-es)
根據(jù)這個(gè)規(guī)律,我們將2017年6月真題詞庫中的15個(gè)詞進(jìn)行標(biāo)記。
Step3: 通過空格附近的前后詞,預(yù)判空格詞性
確定了單詞的詞性和語法之后,我們就可以回到文章中分析每個(gè)空格要填入的詞性即可。名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)恼Z法成分總結(jié)如下:
1.名詞——名詞充當(dāng)主語、賓語、同位語、定語四種成分。
2. 動(dòng)詞——?jiǎng)釉~一般作謂語,分詞結(jié)構(gòu)和不定式可以做主語、賓語、表語、定語等謂語之外的任何成分。
3. 形容詞——做定語修飾名詞或作表語和補(bǔ)語。
4. 副詞——修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞結(jié)構(gòu)或副詞。
因此,我們可以判斷出每個(gè)空格應(yīng)該填入的單詞的詞性和語法形式。例如26題,根據(jù)空前面的a和空后面的recent,可以判斷空格應(yīng)填入副詞;27題,根據(jù)空格后面的ingredient,判斷空格缺形容詞;28題,根據(jù)空前面的containers和空格后的they, 可以判定空格處缺謂語動(dòng)詞;29題,根據(jù)空格前的earliest和空格后的evidence,判斷空格處缺形容詞;30題,由空格前的to和空格后的that判斷此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形;31題,由空格前的dried判斷空格應(yīng)填名詞;32題,由空格前的about 10% were bits of roots,以及空格后的lily,可以判斷應(yīng)為介詞including(此題是個(gè)例外);33題,由空格前的a和空格后的food,判斷此處應(yīng)填形容詞;34題,由空格前的may have和空格后的in the region判斷此處應(yīng)填v-ed;35題,由空前的but as和空后的material判斷此處應(yīng)填形容詞。
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