Pecan-Enriched Diets Alter Cholesterol Profiles and Triglycerides in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in a Randomized, Controlled Trial
作者:Liana L Guarneiri, Chad M Paton, Jamie A Cooper
期刊:The Journal of Nutrition
發(fā)表時間:2021/08/12
摘要:
Background
Research indicates that tree nuts are cardioprotective, but studies on pecans are limited.
Objectives
We examined the impact of daily pecan consumption on blood lipids and glycemia in adults at-risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods
This was a randomized, controlled trial where 56 adults (BMI ≥28 kg/m2 or hypercholesterolemia) were randomly allocated into a control group (n = 18) or 1 of 2 pecan groups. The ADD group (n = 16) consumed pecans (68 g) as part of a free-living diet. The SUB group (n = 18) substituted the pecans (68 g) for isocaloric foods from their diet. At baseline and 8 wk, a high-fat meal was consumed with 4-h postprandial blood draws to determine changes in blood lipids and glycemia.
Results
There was a significant reduction from baseline to 8 wk in fasting total cholesterol (TC) (204 ± 8.76 to 195 ± 8.12; 205 ± 8.06 to 195 ± 6.94 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (143 ± 8.09 to 129 ± 7.71; 144 ± 6.60 to 135 ± 6.16 mg/dL), triglycerides (TGs) (139 ± 12.1 to 125 ± 14.6; 133 ± 10.7 to 120 ± 10.3 mg/dL), TC/HDL cholesterol ratio (3.92 ± 0.206 to 3.58 ± 0.175; 4.08 ± 0.167 to 3.79 ± 0.151), non–HDL cholesterol (151 ± 8.24 to 140 ± 7.95; 155 ± 6.87 to 143 ± 6.00 mg/dL), and apolipoprotein B (99.1 ± 5.96 to 93.0 ± 5.35; 104 ± 3.43 to 97.1 ± 3.11 mg/dL) in the ADD and SUB groups, respectively (P ≤ 0.05 for all), with no changes in control. There was a reduction in postprandial TGs (P ≤ 0.01) in ADD, and a reduction in postprandial glucose (P < 0.05) in SUB.
Conclusions
Pecan consumption improves fasting and postprandial blood lipids in CVD at-risk adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04376632.
堅果,包括樹堅果(如核桃、杏仁、榛子、松子)和種子(如花生、葵花子、南瓜子)等,富含多種對人體有益的物質(zhì),經(jīng)常食用對健康有益。
之前已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),適量吃核桃等堅果,與心血管疾病發(fā)病和死亡風(fēng)險降低,以及全因死亡風(fēng)險降低、預(yù)期壽命延長有關(guān)。對于乳腺癌患者而言,食用堅果還與總生存期和無進(jìn)展生存期延長相關(guān)。
2021年8月12日,一項發(fā)表于美國營養(yǎng)學(xué)會旗下《營養(yǎng)學(xué)雜志》(The Journal of Nutrition)的研究為常吃堅果有益健康添加了新證據(jù)。研究結(jié)果顯示,食用美洲山核桃(碧根果)8周,與心血管疾?。–VD)高風(fēng)險人群的膽固醇和甘油三酯水平降低相關(guān)。
圖片來源:藥明康德內(nèi)容團(tuán)隊制作
在這項為期8周的隨機(jī)對照試驗中,研究人員共納入了52名年齡在30-75歲之間的參與者。所有參與者均為心血管疾病高危人群,有著久坐不動的生活方式,體重指數(shù)(BMI)≥28 kg/m2或患有高膽固醇血癥。
研究開始后,參與者被隨機(jī)分為3組:
在研究開始和結(jié)束時(8周后),研究人員分別測量了參與者空腹和餐后血脂相關(guān)指標(biāo)的水平,包括總空腹膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯、非高密度脂蛋白膽固醇、載脂蛋白B和游離脂肪酸等。
調(diào)整年齡、性別、體重指數(shù)(BMI)、吸煙狀態(tài)、體力活動、糖尿病、高血壓、他汀類藥物治療等因素影響后,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),相較于研究開始時,8周后山核桃添加組和山核桃替換組參與者,空腹和餐后血脂相關(guān)指標(biāo)均有所改善。
▲不同參與者空腹和餐后血脂相關(guān)指標(biāo)變化;“-”表示降低,“+”表示升高(數(shù)據(jù)來源:參考資料[1];制圖:藥明康德內(nèi)容團(tuán)隊)
研究人員分析,食用山核桃與心血管疾病高危人群空腹和餐后血脂改善之間的關(guān)聯(lián),可能與多種機(jī)制有關(guān)。如山核桃等堅果中含有多種有益健康的營養(yǎng)素,包括不飽和脂肪酸、蛋白質(zhì)、纖膳食維和其他生物活性成分(如植物甾醇和酚類化合物等),其中有一些成分可能有助于降低膽固醇水平。不過相關(guān)生物學(xué)機(jī)制尚未完全明確,仍需進(jìn)一步的研究探索。
研究第一作者、喬治亞大學(xué)(University of Georgia)營養(yǎng)科學(xué)系Liana L Guarneiri博士表示:“每天食用山核桃,可以改善有心血管疾病風(fēng)險的成年人的空腹和餐后血脂。之前有研究顯示,吃山核桃對健康人的血脂有積極影響;我們的研究則進(jìn)一步顯示,食用山核桃是也能通過降低血脂水平來幫助有心血管疾病風(fēng)險的人?!?/p>
根據(jù)《中國居民膳食指南(2016)》建議,推薦適量食用核桃等堅果,以作為日常飲食的有益補(bǔ)充,并建議每周最好食用50 g-70 g。
參考資料
[1] Liana L Guarneiri, et al.,(2021). Pecan-Enriched Diets Alter Cholesterol Profiles and Triglycerides in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in a Randomized, Controlled Trial. The Journal of Nutrition, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab248.[2] Pecan-enriched diet shown to reduce cholesterol. Retrieved Nov 15,2021,from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-08-pecan-enriched-diet-shown-cholesterol.html
[3] Pecans Appeared to Help Control Lipids in At-Risk Patients—Fasting and post-meal cholesterol showed improvement, study found. Retrieved Nov 15,2021,from https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/obesityweek/95569
[4] 中國居民膳食指南(2016年版)