INTP Personality Type: Thinker & Seeker
INTP人格類型：思考者和探索者
The INTP personality type is the most independent and philosophical of the 16 types. INTPs have a deep need for personal autonomy and independence of thought. While they may not discover their intellectual side quite as early as an INTJ might, once their auxiliary function, Extraverted Intuition (Ne), has been fully awakened, they display an insatiable appetite for ideation and theorizing. Many enjoy exploring unifying theories and metaphysical truths that explain the underlying nature of things. Toward this end, they may devour stacks of books on philosophy, religion, psychology, evolutionary theory, and the like.
INTP型是所有人格中最獨立、最具哲理性的人格型。INTP極為追求“個人的自主性”和“思考的獨立性”，盡管他們沒有INTJ在智力方面那么早的覺察力，但一旦他們的輔助功能——外向直覺(Ne)被喚醒，就會表現(xiàn)出對思維結(jié)構(gòu)和理論知識的無窮興趣。很多INTP都喜歡探究那些可以解釋事物本質(zhì)的大一統(tǒng)理論和形而上的哲學(xué)，為此，他們會大量地閱讀哲學(xué)、宗教、心理學(xué)、進化論等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的書籍。
When vacationing from their philosophical investigations, the INTP, like their ENTP counterparts, can be quirky, witty, and engaging. Since INTPs extravert Intuition (Ne) and Feeling (Fe), they can have a certain charm, approachability, and congeniality about them. When discussing a topic that interests them, they can be stimulating conversationalists, as their ever active minds can easily connect one topic to another, paving the way for a multifaceted and broad-ranging dialogue. If disinterested however, such as when forced to endure protracted small talk, they will quickly zone out or find a way of redirecting the conversation. Despite appearing outwardly genuine and personable, INTPs are more interested in discussing ideas than the commonplace details of people’s lives. They enjoy discovering what makes people tick—their motivations, interests, patterns, and propensities. This allows INTPs to further hone and refine their theories (Ti-Ne) of human nature (Fe).
當INTP從哲學(xué)研究中抽離出來時，正如他們ENTP的同伴一樣，INTP也可以是古靈精怪、充滿魅力的。由于INTP的直覺(Ne)與情感(Fe)都是外向型功能，通常情況下他們都能展現(xiàn)出一定的親和力與魅力。當談到感興趣的話題時，INTP會變得健談，他們思維活躍能輕而易舉地將一個個話題串聯(lián)起來，往往能展開非常廣泛而多元的對話。但如果是他們不感興趣的話題，比如被迫忍受冗長的閑談時，他們會瞬間放空，或者試圖將話題重新引導(dǎo)回來。盡管他們表面看上去真誠而富有風(fēng)度，但INTP其實更感興趣討論內(nèi)在的思想，而并不是現(xiàn)實生活中的細節(jié)。他們喜歡去探究是什么促使人們感興趣的——人們的動機、興趣點、行為模式和偏好傾向，這讓INTP能夠進一步完善他們對于人性(Fe)的認知(Ti-Ne)。
Like other introverts, INTPs can be anxious and self-conscious characters. It is not uncommon for them to display a handful of nervous habits, or at least some sign that they are not at ease. They generally avoid direct eye contact, as though the gaze of their interlocutor may somehow harm them or render them incapable of thinking or communicating. INTPs often have enough insecurity about the discombobulated nature of their Ne expressions in the first place. Feeling that someone else is watching or critiquing them only makes it worse. Like the INFP, INTPs can be slow to disclose the contents of their inner world. As strange as it may seem to other types, INTPs often conceal some of their most dominant personality features, namely, their highly cerebral and rational side. It may only be a select few who are granted full access to this side of the INTP. Others may only encounter INTPs’ inner world through encounters with their work, such as by reading something they have written. This may explain why many INTPs often take interest in writing, which provides an excellent forum for expressing themselves more fully and precisely.
和其他內(nèi)向型人格一樣，INTP也容易過度焦慮和自我知覺。對他們來說，表現(xiàn)出一些很緊張的特征并不稀奇，或者至少都能感覺到他們有些不自在。他們通常會避免直接的眼神接觸，因為交談?wù)邔Ｗ⒌哪抗饪赡軙顾麄儫o法繼續(xù)思考與交流。這是因為剛開始的時候，INTP都容易對他們混亂的Ne表達方式有很強的不安全感，如果感覺到別人在關(guān)注他們或者質(zhì)疑他們，那只會讓狀況更糟糕。與INFP一樣，INTP也需要慢慢地去呈現(xiàn)自己的內(nèi)心世界。但相比之下，INTP比較奇怪的一點是，他們通常會隱藏起部分人格，具體來說，就是他們極度理性清醒的那一面。只有極少數(shù)人能完全走進INTP的世界，而其他的大部分人也許只能通過接觸他們的作品來與他們的內(nèi)心世界有一個短暫的邂逅。這也能解釋為什么很多INTP都對寫作感興趣，這為他們更充分、更準確地表達自己提供了很好的途徑。
Because of their reluctance to freely display the rational dimension of their personality, as well as the scattered nature of their Ne expressions, INTPs often feel their true level of knowledge and competence goes unnoticed by others. This is especially common in the workplace, where their lack of enthusiasm for organizational life, combined with their quirky outward demeanor, may be mistaken for incompetence. As discussed in my post on INTP careers, they can struggle to find satisfying jobs within the system and are often happier functioning as freelancers or entrepreneurs.
由于INTP并不愿意大膽地展示他們個性中理性的部分，也由于他們Ne功能表達散亂的天性，INTP常常會覺得自己真實的知識水平與能力被忽視了。這種情況在工作場合中尤其常見，因為他們通常對組織生活缺乏熱情，再加上一些稍顯古怪的舉止，就可能會被誤認為是“力不勝任”的。正如我之前在INTP的職業(yè)生涯中所討論的那樣，他們往往很難在體制內(nèi)找到滿意的工作，做一個自由職業(yè)者或者企業(yè)家反而會比較開心。
When it comes to relationships, INTPs can also have a rough go of things (see my INTP relationships page). While they can use their Ne and Fe to attract potential mates, their internal tug-of-war between Ti and Fe, between their independence (Ti) and the relationship (Fe), can inspire myriad problems. This will be elaborated later in this profile in our section on Fe.
而在親密關(guān)系上，INTP也往往遇到一些困難。盡管他們可以利用自己外向直覺(Ne)和外向情感(Fe)功能來吸引潛在配偶，但在他們的內(nèi)向思考(Ti)和外向情感(Fe)功能往往在暗中角力——這是獨立性(Ti)與依賴感(Fe)之間的角力，可能會導(dǎo)致很多問題，這將在后面外向情感(Fe)的相關(guān)章節(jié)中詳述。
INTP Personality Type Development & “Functional Stack”
INTP的人格發(fā)展與功能類型
Each personality type prefers four of the eight functions first described by Jung. These four functions make up the “functional stack.” The relative strength of preference for these four functions is expressed in the following manner: dominant, auxiliary, tertiary, inferior. INTPs’ first preference is Ti, followed by Ne, Si and Fe respectively. This is depicted in the arrangement of INTPs’ functional stack:
每種人格型都傾向于使用榮格所描述的八種功能中的四種。這四個功能組成了一種“人格”的“功能類型”。這四個功能的相對強度以下列方式排序：主導(dǎo)功能、輔助功能、第三功能和第四功能。INTP的主導(dǎo)功能是Ti功能，其次是Ne功能，Si 功能和Fe功能。以下是具體描述：
INTPs’ Functional Stack
INTP的功能類型
Dominant function: Introverted Thinking (Ti)——主導(dǎo)功能：內(nèi)向思考Ti
Auxiliary function: Extraverted Intuition (Ne)——輔助功能：外向直覺Ne
Tertiary function: Introverted Sensing (Si)——第三功能：內(nèi)向感覺Si
Inferior function: Extraverted Feeling (Fe)——第四功能：外向情感Fe
While we will soon discuss each of the above functions in greater depth, for now, we will turn our attention to another feature of INTPs’ personality, their type development. As is true for other types, their type development consists of three primary phases.
雖然我們很快就會開始深入地討論每一個功能，但是現(xiàn)在，我們先轉(zhuǎn)向INTP的人格發(fā)展。正如所有人格型一樣，INTP的人格發(fā)展包括了三個階段。
Phase I (Childhood)
階段一（孩童期）
This phase is characterized by the emergence and differentiation of INTPs’ dominant function, Introverted Thinking (Ti). Early in life, INTPs often employ their Ti to focus on one or two pursuits. They may, for instance, use it to master video games, program computers, get good grades, or perfect their 5 K time. Since Ti is a Judging function, INTPs often take themselves and their lives rather seriously. Even from a relatively young age, they are self-motivated and goal-oriented, striving for excellence in whatever captures their interests.
這一階段是INTP的主導(dǎo)功能——內(nèi)向思考(Ti)逐漸出現(xiàn)并顯著化的過程。早年時，INTP通常會將他們的內(nèi)向思考(Ti)功能專注在一兩個目標上。例如，玩電子游戲、設(shè)計計算機程序、獲得一個好成績，或者盡可能地縮短5千英里跑步時間。由于主導(dǎo)功能Ti是一個判斷功能，INTP對待人生與生活的態(tài)度通常都是很嚴肅的，即使是在年輕時代，他們也會表現(xiàn)出很強的自我驅(qū)動與目標導(dǎo)向性，在任何他們感興趣的領(lǐng)域都會力爭優(yōu)秀。
Phase II (Adolescence-30s)
階段二（青少年期－30s）
Once their dominant Ti reaches a certain level of consciousness and differentiation, INTPs’ inferior function, Extraverted Feeling (Fe), enters the picture and begins to play a more influential role. Phase II INTPs also show increasing use and development of their auxiliary function, Extraverted Intuition (Ne). During this phase, INTPs often develop a stronger interest in intellectual and philosophical endeavors, poised to see and understand “the big picture.” Developing their Ne involves an opening of prior judgments to allow an influx of new information. But since Ne is extraverted and expansive, INTPs must explore a breadth of ideas before they feel confident about who they are and what they believe. Thus, Phase II INTPs may find it easier to identify what they don’t believe than what they do believe. Some may struggle with nihilism or cynicism, worried that they may never find absolute truth. It can therefore take INTPs a great deal of time, even decades, to discern what they believe about the world, themselves, and their place in the world.
當INTP的主導(dǎo)功能Ti發(fā)展到一定階段，他們的第四功能外向情感(Fe)便會開始進入INTP的視線，并逐漸扮演起更有影響力的角色。同時INTP也會更高頻地開發(fā)和使用他們的輔助功能——外向直覺(Ne)。在這一階段，INTP往往會開始對知識和哲學(xué)產(chǎn)生更大的興趣，并嘗試去理解“大一統(tǒng)的圖景”。通過進一步開發(fā)他們的輔助功能外向直覺(Ne)，INTP可以為他們的主導(dǎo)功能Ti在判斷之前引入大量開闊的信息。但也由于Ne功能是一個外向型的、極具開放性的功能，這要求INTP在得出強有力的觀點與信仰之前先探索一大堆新奇的想法，處于這一階段的INTP可能會因此而變得不大敢相信任何事物，甚至有些人可能陷入到認知論上的虛無主義或犬儒主義，會懷疑他們也許終其一生都尋不到世界的絕對真理。以此為契機，INTP可能將花費長達幾十年的時間去了解他們自己、了解他們所處的世界、以及他們在這個世界的位置。
Phase III (30s, 40s, & Beyond)
階段三（30s，40s，及以后）
If all goes well and they are fortunate enough to enter Phase III, INTPs experience greater balance between their dominant Ti and inferior Fe functions. They discover that growth and integration takes place rather naturally as they learn to effectively and consistently employ their type’s strengths (i.e.their Ti and Ne).
如果能一切順利并幸運地進入到人格發(fā)展的第三階段，INTP將在其主導(dǎo)功能內(nèi)向思考(Ti)和第四功能外向情感(Fe)之間感受到一種更好的平衡。他們會意識到原來當他們持續(xù)而有效地使用著自己的優(yōu)勢功能（如Ti和Ne）時，成長與整合已經(jīng)在自然而然地發(fā)生了。
INTPs’ Dominant Function: Introverted Thinking (Ti)
INTP的主導(dǎo)功能：內(nèi)向思考(Ti)
As enumerated in both of my INTP books, Introverted Thinking involves the application of logic and reason for the sake of understanding a given situation, system, or problem. INTPs use Ti to bring structure and order to their inner world, granting them a strong sense of inner control. Inwardly, INTPs are highly self-disciplined, working to effectively manage their thoughts and their lives. The disciplined nature of their Ti compels INTPs to frame many things as a goal or challenge. These challenges may be physical (e.g., trying to achieve an ideal state of health or fitness), intellectual, practical, psychoemotional (e.g., becoming self-actualized), or later in their development, interpersonal (e.g., “perfecting” a relationship or becoming a skilled lover). In order to succeed in these personal challenges, INTPs are apt to impose rules on themselves. However, because of the wayward influence of their auxiliary Ne, they commonly end up breaking or sabotaging them.
正如我在關(guān)于INTP的兩本書中所提到的那樣，內(nèi)向思考(Ti)功能是指在面對任何情境、系統(tǒng)和問題時，運用邏輯與理性去處理。INTP通過Ti功能構(gòu)建自己內(nèi)心世界的結(jié)構(gòu)與秩序，從來得到一種強烈的自我控制感。在內(nèi)心深處，INTP是高度自律的，能夠高效地管理自己的思想與生活。Ti功能自律的天性使得他們將很多事情都視為一個目標或者挑戰(zhàn)，這些挑戰(zhàn)可能是身體上的（比如想達到一種身體健美的理想狀態(tài)），也可能是智力上的、實踐中的、心理需求方面的（比如自我價值的實現(xiàn))，又或者是成長后期的人際關(guān)系需要（比如“完善”一段關(guān)系或成為一個很棒的伴侶）。為了在這些形形色色的挑戰(zhàn)中獲得成功，INTP傾向于給自己設(shè)置各種規(guī)則，然而，由于他們輔助功能——外向直覺(Ne)的粗暴影響，這些規(guī)則又通常會被破壞掉。
INTPs are also less interested in working with facts than with ideas. Jung writes: “His ideas have their origin not in objective data, but in his subjective foundation.” INTPs are constantly digging into the background of their own thoughts in order to better understand their origins and to ensure their thinking is founded on solid reasoning. They see it pointless to try to build theories on a dubious conceptual platform, making them slower than Te types to rush into experiments to discover more “facts.”
INTP通常對“想法”更感興趣，而不是具體的實現(xiàn)方式。榮格曾寫道：“他的想法并不來源于客觀資料，而來自于他的主觀基礎(chǔ)”。為了更好地理解自己思想的起源，同時也確保自己的思維是建立在堅實的理性推理之上的，INTP會不斷地挖掘自己思想的底層根源。他們通常認為如果底層的概念是可疑的，那么在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建的理論也將毫無意義，因此與外向思考(Te)型人格相比，他們（Ti型人格）通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)“真相”的速度就要慢得多。
INTPs often find it easier to identify inconsistencies or logical shortcomings—to assert what is not true—than to identify and confidently assert what is true. They can quickly locate inconsistencies or logical shortcomings in a given theory or argument. They excel when it comes to identifying exceptions or imagining scenarios in which the proposed explanation could breakdown. Due to their sensitivity to theoretical exceptions, they can be quick to throw theories and start from scratch. INTJs, by contrast, seem less deterred by ostensible exceptions, perhaps feeling that they will eventually be explained or otherwise rectified.
INTP通常發(fā)現(xiàn)，對他們來說，識別“不一致”或者“邏輯缺陷”——即斷言什么錯的，要比去斷言什么是對的容易得多。他們可以很快的在給出的理論或論述中發(fā)現(xiàn)“不一致性”或者“邏輯缺陷”。在鑒別異常情況、或者預(yù)測可能導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)崩潰的場景時，他們往往比其他人都要出色。由于對理論異常情況的敏感性，他們通常能很快地放棄某個理論并且從頭開始。而相比之下，INTJ就不太容易被一些理論上的異常情況所影響，他們總覺得這些異常最終會被解釋或者修正。
When functioning constructively, INTPs, like INFPs, often employ a trial-and-error sort of approach to building their theories and ideas. INTPs start with a given (Ti) and then use their auxiliary Ne to explore various connections and possibilities. They also integrate past experiences and acquired knowledge through their tertiary Si. It is usually only after years of toying with ideas that something resembling a systematic and coherent theory may start to emerge.
當開展建設(shè)性工作時，INTP會和INFP一樣，采取不斷“試錯”的方法來構(gòu)建他們的理論和觀點。INTP通常會從一個給定的想法(Ti)開始，然后運用他們的輔助功能Ne去探索各種各樣的關(guān)聯(lián)度與可能性，同時他們也會整合一些過去的經(jīng)驗和他們通過第三功能Si所獲取的后天知識。通常他們要經(jīng)過很多年的反復(fù)思考與重構(gòu)后，才會誕生出系統(tǒng)性的、具有一致性的理論體系。
INTPs’ Auxiliary Function: Extraverted Intuition (Ne)
INTP的輔助功能：外向直覺(Ne)
INTPs use Extraverted Intuition (Ne) as their auxiliary function. Ne can function either perceptively or expressively. The verbal expression of Ne amounts to something like “brainstorming aloud.” When orating, INTPs may not always seem to “have a point” as they haphazardly drift from one idea to the next. Even ideas that seem inwardly logical and sensible INTPs may suddenly sound incoherent when they attempt to convey them through their Ne.
INTP的輔助功能是外向直覺(Ne) ，Ne既是一種感知功能，也是一種對外表達的功能。它的字面理解就是“說出口的頭腦風(fēng)暴”。在演講時，INTP的表達似乎總是缺少一個主題，因為他們會隨意地從一個想法跳轉(zhuǎn)到另一個想法，即使是那些有著很強內(nèi)在邏輯與規(guī)律的觀點，一旦經(jīng)由他們的Ne功能表達出來，也會瞬間變得支離破碎。
In its receptive role, Ne prompts INTPs to gather information. Ne does not merely gather sensory information as Se does. Rather, it goes beyond or looks behind sense data, allowing INTPs to discern otherwise hidden patterns, possibilities, and potentials. Their Ne is constantly scanning for relationships or patterns within a pool of facts, ideas or experiences. INTPs commonly use this receptive side of their Ne in activities such as reading, researching, and conversation. They enjoy asking questions that allow them to gain insight or knowledge from others, making INTPs good facilitators of conversation.
在“感知功能”的那一面，Ne能夠幫助INTP采集外界信息，但Ne又并不像Se那樣只是收集一些感官資料，它能超越那些感官數(shù)據(jù)或者看到其背后所隱藏的信息，從而使INTP能更為深度地識別出隱藏的模式、可能性和發(fā)展?jié)摿ΑNTP會運用Ne功能在廣泛的事實、想法或經(jīng)驗池中去探尋彼此之間的關(guān)系與模式，他們同樣也會將Ne功能運用在閱讀、研究和一些交談活動中。INTP很喜歡問問題，他們能因此從別人身上獲得新的知識與洞察，而這也使得INTP能成為活躍的交談?wù)摺?/p>
INTPs may also use their Ne to sniff out intriguing possibilities. They commonly enjoy and assume the role of wanderer or seeker, rarely knowing in advance exactly what they are seeking.
INTP也同樣會使用他們的Ne功能去發(fā)覺一些有意思的可能性。他們通常很喜歡去設(shè)想自己是俠士或者尋找者的角色，盡管他們通常很少知道自己到底在尋找什么。
Ne also confers an open-mindedness, helping INTPs see truth on both sides of an issue without forming unwarranted judgments or premature conclusions. More specifically, their Ne can be seen as contributing to their openness to alternative or Bohemian lifestyles. INTPs are those most likely to suddenly become vegetarians, join a commune, or decide to live out of the back of a van. They are drawn to the idea and challenges of an unconventional lifestyle.
Ne功能還會讓人視野開闊，幫助INTP看到事物的兩面性，而不會僅僅依賴一些毫無根據(jù)的判斷或者先入為主的印象。更具體地說，Ne功能可能會使INTP投向一種更另類的、波西米亞式的生活方式。INTP是那些最有可能突然變成一個素食者、加入一個公社、或者從此以車為家的人。他們會被那些非傳統(tǒng)的生活方式所吸引。
Like other NPs, INTPs often have a love-hate relationship with their Ne. They love the fact that it helps them remain open-minded and grasp the bigger picture. But living with Ne also has its challenges. For one, it can make it difficult for INTPs to arrive at firm conclusions or make important decisions. It often seems that at the very moment they are feeling good about a given conclusion or decision, their Ne steps in and causes them to start doubting it again. This has obvious implications for INTPs who are trying to find their niche in the world. This can leave them feeling discouraged and restless, worried that they may never find what they are looking for. They may feel frustrated by their seeming lack of progress toward anything substantial. The fact is that INTPs desperately want to produce something of lasting worth or value, but they also want to ensure they get it right. They don’t want to leave any stone unturned before arriving at a conclusion. While INTPs typically enjoy this quest for truth, there comes a point when they begin to feel the pressures of life impinging on them. Questions about careers and relationships loom large as they enter their late twenties and thirties. This can be frustrating to INTPs as they feel like life is requiring them to make decisions long before they are ready. As is true of all IN types, they feel that life would be far better if they weren’t forced to consider practical concerns.
和其他所有NP型人格一樣，INTP也常常對他們的Ne功能愛恨交加，他們的確喜歡Ne功能幫助他們保持開放的心態(tài)，把握那些更宏觀的圖景，但Ne功能也同樣給他們帶來了不小的挑戰(zhàn)。比如說，它可能會使INTP難以得出明確的結(jié)論或做下重要的決定。通常情況是，當某些關(guān)頭他們的確對某個確定的結(jié)論或決定感到滿意時，他們的Ne功能又會跳出來質(zhì)疑，并讓他們對結(jié)論產(chǎn)生懷疑。這對于迫切想在這個世界上找到自己位置的INTP來說的確是很大的困擾，會使他們感到沮喪和不安，擔(dān)心自己永遠都找不到想要的東西，他們也會對自己似乎永遠都沒有什么實質(zhì)性的進展而感到沮喪。事實上，INTP非常想創(chuàng)造一些真正具有長期價值的東西，但他們同時也想確認自己所堅持的方向是正確的，為了到達目的地，他們往往不留余力。然而，即便INTP確實很享受追求真理的過程，但他們終將會進入到人生的某個階段，開始感受到現(xiàn)實壓力對他們所產(chǎn)生的影響。當他們進入到20s、30s的時候，職場與人際關(guān)系中面臨的問題將越來越多。他們常常覺得自己分明還沒有做好準備，生活卻已經(jīng)開始強迫他們做出選擇。正如所有IN人格型那樣，他們總在想，如果能不考慮那些現(xiàn)實層面的問題，生活該多美好?。?/p>
INTPs’ Tertiary Function: Introverted Sensing (Si)
INTP的第三功能：內(nèi)向感覺(Si)
Unlike Ne (or Se), INTPs’ tertiary function, Introverted Sensing (Si), is a conservative function. It involves an attachment to past experiences and past precedent—to the routine, familiar, and predictable. Types with Si in their functional stack, including INTPs, tend to eat a fairly routine or consistent diet,“eating to live” rather than “l(fā)iving to eat.”Si types are not only conservative with regard to their diet, but with respect to the material world in general. They tend to be savers rather than spenders, seeing excessive material consumption as unnecessary, or perhaps even immoral.
與Ne(或Se)不同，INTP的第三功能——內(nèi)向感覺(Si)是一個保守型的功能，它指向?qū)^往經(jīng)歷與歷史經(jīng)驗的聯(lián)結(jié)——日常性的、有熟悉感的、可預(yù)測性的。功能類型中有Si的人格型，包括INTP在內(nèi)，都傾向于長期保持一個常規(guī)不變的飲食習(xí)慣，對他們而言，“吃只是為了滿足生存所需”，而不是說“活著就是為了吃得好”。Si人格型并不僅僅只在飲食方面是常規(guī)保守的，整個物質(zhì)世界對他們而言基本都是如此，他們往往是存錢的人，而不是大手大腳花錢的人，他們認為過度的物質(zhì)消費是沒有必要的，甚至是不道德的。
Like other Si types, INTPs also have a diminished need for novel physical pleasures, lavish surroundings, or material comforts. They are minimalists to the core, relatively unconcerned with their physical surroundings.
與其他Si型一樣，INTP對身體愉悅感、奢侈的環(huán)境或物質(zhì)享受的需求非常有限，他們是非常本質(zhì)的極簡主義者，并不關(guān)心身處的物質(zhì)環(huán)境。
An often overlooked role of Si is its perception of internal bodily sensations—the body as felt and experienced from within. Perhaps more than any other function, it provides access to the raw and basic sense of “being” that exists apart from thought or outward stimuli. Historically, Eastern philosophical and religious traditions have done a much better job exploring this dimension than those of the West. This feature of Si is brought to the fore during activities requiring close attention to one’s internal bodily state, such as yoga, Tai-Chi, meditation, or various relaxation techniques. INTPs interested in exploring this element of Si may find great delight and benefit from these sorts of practices. They are especially useful in developing the body awareness necessary to relax and control anxiety.
Si一個最被忽視的特征是它的“知覺性”和“對身體內(nèi)在的感知”——從內(nèi)在感受身體狀況。比起其他的心理功能，Si為我們提供了那些“除了思想和外在刺激”以外的最基本的“存在”感。歷史上，東方哲學(xué)和宗教傳統(tǒng)在探索人類經(jīng)驗方面比西方國家做得更好。在那些直接關(guān)注自己身體狀態(tài)的活動中，比如瑜伽、太極、冥想或其他各種放松技巧，Si的功能都會變得更加明顯。INTP如果有興趣探索他們的Si功能，將會從這些實踐活動中獲得極大的樂趣，并從中受益。這些活動將能有效地培養(yǎng)起“帶來放松感與降低焦慮度”的身體覺察。
INTPs’ Inferior Function: Extraverted Feeling (Fe)
INTP的第四功能：外向情感(Fe)
INTPs use Extraverted Feeling (Fe) as their inferior function. Because it is in the inferior position, their Fe is often more sensitive and less resilient than Fe is for FJ types. This can make INTPs highly uncomfortable in emotional situations, especially those involving potential conflict or disharmony.
INTP的第四功能是外向情感(Fe)，由于它處于較后的位置，所以INTP的Fe功能通常會比FJ型人格的Fe功能更加敏感、也更缺乏彈性。這可能會使INTP的情緒狀態(tài)非常不舒服，尤其是處在一些潛在沖突或不和諧的狀況中時。
Because of their Fe’s concern for maintaining external harmony (or what may be better understood as its discomfort with disharmony), INTPs may abstain from expressing their judgments in order to avoid unsettling others. While not as overtly warm or effusive as FJ types, INTPs can be sensitive to others’ feelings and may go out of their way to avoid hurting or offending them. For instance, in the midst of a discussion, an INTP may want to explain how human mating practices are primarily a product of evolutionary pressures. But if he suspects that others may take offense to such an explanation, he may withhold it to avoid introducing disharmony.
由于他們的Fe功能非常注重維持外部環(huán)境的和諧（或者可以理解為它們對于“不和諧”的強烈敏感與不安），INTP可能會為了防止沖突，而放棄表達自己的觀點。盡管他們并不像FJ型人格那樣看上去又暖又熱情，但實際上INTP對他人的感受非常敏感，會特意避免傷害或冒犯到別人。例如，在集體討論時，一個INTP可能想要表達人類的交配行為主要是進化壓力的產(chǎn)物，但如果他感覺到可能有人會對此觀點感覺到冒犯，那就會選擇保留觀點以避免不和諧。
Although functioning as superficial peacemakers, INTPs are generally slower to go out of their way to help others (at least in direct, hands-on ways). Especially early in their development, most forgo community service and avoid investing extensive time and energy helping others. This is particularly evident when under stress. If burdened by too many external pressures or demands, INTPs’ willingness to help others is one of the first things to go.
Fe功能對外表現(xiàn)為調(diào)停者，但由于INTP的Fe排在很后面，因此總體來說INTP對于幫助他人通常都會反應(yīng)很慢（至少對于那些直接的、需要親自上手的事情是如此）。尤其在發(fā)展早期，他們大多拒絕參加社區(qū)類服務(wù)，也避免投入大量時間和精力去幫助別人，處在壓力狀況下尤甚。但如果遭受了過多的外部壓力或期待，INTP也會把幫助他人當作首要任務(wù)之一。
In short, INTPs’ Fe is more concerned with preserving harmony than it is with extensive helping. This is especially true early in life, when they have yet to achieve their Ti goals. Once those goals have been satisfactorily met, however, they may become more benevolent. We can see this with Einstein, for instance, who displayed increasing beneficence and generosity toward people in the second half of his life.
簡而言之，INTP的Fe功能更關(guān)注外部和諧，而不是廣泛地施與幫助，這在他們的人生早期尤為明顯——當他們還在全神貫注地追逐自己的Ti目標時。然而，一旦這些Ti目標得到圓滿地實現(xiàn)，他們會逐漸變得大善大愛。比如，在愛因斯坦身上我們就能看到這一點，他在人生的后半段對人類有了更多的慈悲與體諒。
Reluctance to Extravert Judgment
抗拒堅定地對外主張
In addition to their interest in maintaining external harmony, INTPs may forgo expressing their judgments because of concerns about their ability to effectively articulate them, perhaps fearing they will be perceived as less intelligent than they really are. Hence, their reluctance to self-express relates not only to a concern for others, but also to their own fears and insecurities. It can therefore take a great deal of courage for INTPs to assert themselves, particularly when discussing matters that make them anxious or uncomfortable. INTJs, in contrast, whose extraverted Judging function (Te) is in the auxiliary position, seem to have little problem in this regard.
INTP總是會放棄表達自己的主張，不僅僅是為了保持外部和諧，也可能是因為他們擔(dān)心自己并不能有效地傳達觀點，從而害怕自己的聰明才智被誤解或低估。因此，他們拒絕自我表達不只是因為關(guān)心他人的需求，也源于他們自己內(nèi)在的恐懼與不安。對于INTP來說，要讓他們進行堅定的自我主張往往需要巨大的勇氣，尤其是在討論那些讓他們感到焦慮或不舒服的話題時。相比之下，那些輔助功能為外向判斷(Te)的人格型，就不太會遇到這樣的問題。
Because of their difficulty with direct self-expression, INTPs are prone to making sudden executive decisions without any prior communication. Others may be left feeling incredulous as to why the INTP had not thought to discuss the issue with them first. INTPs may also exhibit passive-aggressive forms of behavior, such as intentionally staying late at the office to eschew or resist domestic expectations. INTPs can resemble IFP types in this regard, who have a similar propensity for acting passive-aggressively rather than expressing their concerns more directly.
由于INTP很難坦率地表達自我，他們反而容易在沒有任何事先溝通的情況下做出突然的行為決定，其他人可能會對此感到難以置信，為什么INTP壓根都沒有事先談起過這些決定。INTP也可能會展現(xiàn)出一些消極攻擊行為，比如故意加班以回避或抵抗家庭的壓力。在這方面，INTP像IFP型人格一樣，傾向于選擇消極攻擊行為，而不是直接地表達他們的憂慮。
Desire to Teach/Enlighten Others
渴望啟迪他人
Like FJs, INTPs like the idea of teaching others. INTPs strive to discover knowledge or wisdom they can use to enlighten the world. But as we’ve seen, INTPs can struggle when it comes to directly expressing their judgments. They are more comfortable exchanging ideas by way of their auxiliary Ne than they are in delivering Fe monologues. INTPs can also become impatient with those who are slow to understand or embrace their ideas.They often expect others to learn as quickly and independently as they do. For these reasons, INTPs are often ill-suited for teaching (with the possible exception of college/university professorship) and better off sharing their insights less directly, such as through writing.
和FJ型一樣，INTP也喜歡教導(dǎo)別人。INTP努力地發(fā)明各種新知識和新學(xué)問，來照亮這個世界。但正如我們所見，INTP在表達自我時通常都很受折磨，他們更愿意選擇溫和的交換意見的方式（輔助功能Ne主導(dǎo)），而不是他們個人獨白的方式（Fe主導(dǎo)）。INTP也容易對那些理解或接受他們的觀點較為遲緩的人失去耐心，他們通常希望別人都能像他們一樣快速而獨立地學(xué)習(xí)。由于上述原因，INTP往往并不適合教學(xué)工作（可能擔(dān)任大學(xué)教授會好一丟丟），他們更適合那種間接地分享自己觀點的方式，比如寫作等。
Desire for Affirmation/Validation
渴望被認可
Fe involves making connections between one’s own emotions and those of others. When a successful connection occurs, it results in a sense of validation, of being valued and understood. While INTPs can do at fair job at reading others’ emotions and are cognitively aware of the appropriate social response, they often do not “feel” what others are feeling. Despite this difficulty in connecting with others on a feeling level, their Fe still desires the same sense of affirmation and validation that FJs readily receive when engaging with people. This need for affirmation can be seen as a motivating force behind INTPs’ desire for achievement. It is why many INTPs score high as Enneagram Threes (3) and display certain narcissistic tendencies. Personally, I never understood my desire to write for a popular audience (rather than an academic one) until I recognized that my Fe was pushing for widespread affirmation.
Fe是一個能把個人的情感與他人的情感連接起來的功能，當連接成功發(fā)生時，會產(chǎn)生一種認可感——被理解和被珍視的感覺。而對于Fe處于第四功能的INTP來說，盡管他們也能讀懂別人的情緒，能在認知層面作出適當?shù)幕貞?yīng)，但大多數(shù)情況下他們并“感受”不到別人的感覺。INTP很難在情感層面與他人建立起聯(lián)結(jié)，但他們的Fe又依然在渴望著別人的欣賞與肯定——這也是FJ型人格在與人打交道時通常能夠收獲到的東西。這種渴望被他人認可的需要可以看作是INTP不斷追求卓越的底層激勵來源，這也是很多INTP在九型人格的第三型上得分較高、表現(xiàn)出自戀傾向的原因。就我個人而言，直到意識到我的Fe功能在推動著我想要獲取更為廣泛的肯定，我才開始理解自己內(nèi)心深處想為普羅大眾寫作的欲望（而非學(xué)術(shù)寫作）。
Because INTPs, wittingly or not, rely on others for affirmation, they may often feel they cannot live without at least one other person in their lives. At other times, they can feel incredibly independent (Ti). Especially when their work is going well, they may feel they don’t really need other people. If they manage to completely isolate themselves from others, they will soon begin to feel that something important is missing from their lives. This prompts them to reinitiate contact with others, at least until they feel compelled to assert their independence again. This cycle of alternating between needing and devaluing others is common among INTPs and narcissists alike.
由于INTP有意或無意地都依賴于他人的肯定，所有有些時候，他們會覺得如果生活中沒有其他人那簡直活不下去，但有些時候，他們又會覺得自己完全的獨立(Ti功能主導(dǎo))，尤其是當他們的工作都進展順利時，他們會覺得并不需要其他人。但一旦他們真的開始嘗試把自己和別人完全隔離開來，又會很快地意識到生活中缺少了一些重要的東西，這會促使他們又重新開始與別人接觸，一直到他們覺得有必要再次捍衛(wèi)自己獨立性的時候。在INTP和一些自戀型人格中，出現(xiàn)這種“渴望他人”又“疏遠他人”的交替循環(huán)很常見。
Slippery, “All-or-Nothing” Emotions
滑向“要么全有，要么全無”的情緒里
Despite the inferior position of their Fe, INTPs are not emotionless robots. Rather, as is typically the case with the inferior, there is an all-or-nothing character to their Fe. INTPs’ emotions seem to have a mind of their own, coming and going as they please. Consequently, INTPs often feel awkward or inept in emotional situations, knowing that they cannot readily summon the situationally-appropriate emotions.
盡管INTP的Fe功能位置很靠后，但INTP并不是沒有情感的機器人，相反，就像通常情況下第四功能所呈現(xiàn)出的狀態(tài)一樣，INTP的Fe功能也會表現(xiàn)出“要么全有，要么全無”的特征。INTP的情緒似乎總是來來去去，不受控制，因此，在一些情感狀態(tài)中，INTP往往會感到有些尷尬或者無能為力——因為他們并不太能喚起與當下情境相適宜的情緒。
As mentioned previously, INTPs are usually cognitively aware of what emotions are appropriate for a given situation, but without experiencing them directly, they can sound clumsy or mechanical in their expressions. This can be difficult for their romantic partners, particularly for FJ types, since FJs desire a sense of authentic emotional communion. While INTPs may experience strong feelings for their partners while away from them, they may not have those emotions or may have trouble communicating them while together.
正如前文所提到的，INTP大體上還是知道對不同的情緒做出合適的反應(yīng)，但對于一些沒有直接經(jīng)驗的情感體驗，他們還是會表現(xiàn)得稍顯笨拙或呆板，于是這對于他們的戀人來說就有些麻煩了，尤其是對于那些FJ型的伴侶，因為FJ型人格往往渴望真正的情感交流，而INTP即使也對伴侶抱有同樣熱烈的情感，但一旦對方不在身邊的話他們的情緒就會冷淡很多，或者即便在一起的時候也并不會溝通很多。
For most INTPs, their Fe is rather naive and childlike. They may, for instance, be easily moved by cheesy romantic comedies or sappy love songs, anything that unconsciously incites their Fe emotions. This can also make INTPs easy targets for love-at-first-sight sorts of infatuation. They are particularly susceptible to being wooed by Feeling types, who can bypass their typical channels of logic and directly appeal to INTPs’ less conscious Fe.
對大多數(shù)INTP來說，他們的Fe功能會展現(xiàn)出相當幼稚或孩子氣的一面，比如，他們可能會很容易被一些套路的浪漫喜劇、傷心情歌所打動，或者是其他任何無意中激發(fā)出他們Fe功能的東西。這也使得INTP在感情上很容易一見鐘情，他們會特別容易被F型人格所吸引，因為F型的人會繞過INTP的邏輯理性區(qū)，直接對他們“最弱的功能Fe”產(chǎn)生吸引力。
While INTPs struggle to directly summon or contact their emotions, they can readily override or detach from them, almost functioning as though they didn’t exist. Consequently, INTPs may not consciously struggle with the same degree of guilt, regret, or shame as other types. Others may be surprised how quickly INTPs can seemingly resume “business as usual” after what most would consider tragic or traumatic circumstances.
INTP在掙扎于如何才能喚起自己的情緒反應(yīng)或與之建立聯(lián)結(jié)時，他們也同樣能很輕易地擺脫掉這些情緒，仿佛完全就沒有發(fā)生過一樣。因此，INTP不太會經(jīng)歷那些其他人格型在內(nèi)疚感、慚愧感和羞恥感方面的掙扎。很多人都驚訝于INTP在一些大型悲劇或創(chuàng)傷性事件后的復(fù)原能力——他們似乎立刻就能“一切如?！?。
【編者注：4月真是瘋狂忙碌的一個月啊，終于有空來除除草啦！截止到目前好像我已經(jīng)把四種IN型人格：INTJ、INFJ、INFP 、INTP都翻譯完了呢，再一次感受到了我對IN型人格深入骨髓的熱愛??！下一步再努努力就能把八種N型人格都finish掉咯！這一次在翻譯INTP的時候，我無數(shù)次不產(chǎn)生出——這特么竟然不是我們ENFP么——的想法，真實地感受到了這兩種人格型之間眾多隱秘的相同點，于是乎也對ENTP產(chǎn)生了更多的好奇心，會不會和ENFP更像呢？嗯，所以下一篇就預(yù)定ENTP吧】
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