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乳腺癌相關(guān)淋巴水腫的針灸療法

  編者按:乳腺癌相關(guān)淋巴水腫可見(jiàn)于大約20%的乳腺癌康復(fù)者,目前的治療方法有限。2013年,美國(guó)癌癥學(xué)會(huì)《癌癥》發(fā)表紐約紀(jì)念醫(yī)院斯隆凱特林癌癥中心(美國(guó)最早且目前最大的腫瘤醫(yī)院兼癌癥研究機(jī)構(gòu),沒(méi)有之一)37例單組非隨機(jī)對(duì)照初步研究報(bào)告,發(fā)現(xiàn)針灸療法前后臂圍平均減少0.90厘米(95%置信區(qū)間:0.72~1.07,P<0.0005)。針灸是針?lè)ǎㄡ槾蹋┖途姆ǎò模┑暮戏Q。中醫(yī)采用針刺或艾灸人體穴位治療疾病,是聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織認(rèn)定的人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作。根據(jù)中醫(yī)理論,通過(guò)刺激穴位可以改善經(jīng)絡(luò)的氣的流向?,F(xiàn)代科學(xué)從組織學(xué)和生理學(xué)尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)氣、經(jīng)絡(luò)或者穴位的存在,且部分當(dāng)代針灸使用者并非依據(jù)傳統(tǒng)理論體系進(jìn)行實(shí)踐。因?yàn)槿狈ψ銐虻默F(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)研究證實(shí)其療效,針灸常在部分國(guó)家被視為替代療法甚至偽科學(xué)。一些科學(xué)研究顯示針灸有緩解疼痛與術(shù)后惡心的效用。有人質(zhì)疑針灸的效用極其微弱不足以建立臨床相關(guān)性,認(rèn)為顯示針灸有效果的研究結(jié)論可能是安慰劑效應(yīng)、不完全雙盲研究或發(fā)表偏倚的結(jié)果。

  2018年3月8日,施普林格·自然旗下《乳腺癌研究與治療》在線發(fā)表紐約紀(jì)念醫(yī)院斯隆凱特林癌癥中心的隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究報(bào)告,對(duì)針刺療法與常規(guī)療法(等待名單對(duì)照組)治療持續(xù)性乳腺癌相關(guān)淋巴水腫進(jìn)行了比較。

  該隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究于2013年1月~2016年6月入組中度乳腺癌相關(guān)淋巴水腫持續(xù)6個(gè)月以上女性82例,隨機(jī)分配接受針刺療法或常規(guī)療法。針刺療法每周2次,至少6周,由該院持證且針灸經(jīng)驗(yàn)至少5年的針灸師,用細(xì)金屬針刺激特定穴位。對(duì)受累和未受累臂圍和生物電阻抗的變化進(jìn)行評(píng)估,臂圍減少30%以上定義為有效。通過(guò)臂圍和生物電阻抗值的協(xié)方差分析和費(fèi)希爾精確檢驗(yàn),確定有效者的比例。

  結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),其中可評(píng)估主要終點(diǎn)患者73例(89%:針刺療法36例、常規(guī)療法37例),入組該研究前接受過(guò)淋巴水腫治療患者79例(96%),研究期間繼續(xù)接受治療67例(82%)。

  針刺療法與常規(guī)療法相比:

  • 臂圍無(wú)顯著差異(減少0.38cm,95%置信區(qū)間:0.12~0.89,P=0.14)

  • 生物電阻抗相似(減少1.06Ω,95%置信區(qū)間:5.72~7.85,P=0.8)

  • 有效者比例相似(17%比11%,相差6%差異,95%置信區(qū)間:10%~22%,P=0.5)

  • 未報(bào)告嚴(yán)重不良事件

  因此,該針刺療法方案安全且耐受性良好,但是對(duì)于大部分接受過(guò)并且繼續(xù)接受淋巴水腫治療的患者,并未顯著減少乳腺癌相關(guān)淋巴水腫。對(duì)于持續(xù)性乳腺癌相關(guān)淋巴水腫的乳腺癌康復(fù)者,該方案并未改善傳統(tǒng)淋巴水腫治療。

補(bǔ)充閱讀

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Mar 8. [Epub ahead of print]

Acupuncture for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a randomized controlled trial.

Ting Bao, Wanqing Iris Zhi, Emily A. Vertosick, Qing Susan Li, Janice DeRito, Andrew Vickers, Barrie R. Cassileth, Jun J. Mao, Kimberly J. Van Zee.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.

PURPOSE: Approximately 20% of breast cancer survivors develop breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), and current therapies are limited. We compared acupuncture (AC) to usual care wait-list control (WL) for treatment of persistent BCRL.

METHODS: Women with moderate BCRL lasting greater than six months were randomized to AC or WL. AC included twice weekly manual acupuncture over six weeks. We evaluated the difference in circumference and bioimpedance between affected and unaffected arms. Responders were defined as having a decrease in arm circumference difference greater than 30% from baseline. We used analysis of covariance for circumference and bioimpedance measurements and Fisher's exact to determine the proportion of responders.

RESULTS: Among 82 patients, 73 (89%) were evaluable for the primary endpoint (36 in AC, 37 in WL). 79 (96%) patients received lymphedema treatment before enrolling in our study; 67 (82%) underwent ongoing treatment during the trial. We found no significant difference between groups for arm circumference difference (0.38 cm greater reduction in AC vs. WL, 95% CI - 0.12 to 0.89, p=0.14) or bioimpedance difference (1.06 greater reduction in AC vs. WL, 95% CI - 5.72 to 7.85, p=0.8). There was also no difference in the proportion of responders: 17% AC versus 11% WL (6% difference, 95% CI - 10 to 22%, p=0.5). No severe adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSIONS: Our acupuncture protocol appeared to be safe and well tolerated. However, it did not significantly reduce BCRL in pretreated patients receiving concurrent lymphedema treatment. This regimen does not improve upon conventional lymphedema treatment for breast cancer survivors with persistent BCRL.

KEYWORDS: Breast cancer; Lymphedema; Acupuncture; Breast cancer-related lymphedema; BCRL

DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4743-9

經(jīng)過(guò)主辦方討論決定,第十五屆全國(guó)乳腺癌會(huì)議暨第十三屆上海國(guó)際乳腺癌論壇將于2018年10月18~20日在上海召開(kāi),為了全面啟動(dòng)會(huì)議的各項(xiàng)籌備工作,茲定于2018年3月14日(周三)下午3點(diǎn)(北京時(shí)間15:00)復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院(上海市徐匯區(qū)東安路270號(hào))2號(hào)樓7樓乳腺外科會(huì)議室召開(kāi)第一次籌備會(huì)議,內(nèi)容重要,請(qǐng)各參展單位相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人務(wù)必準(zhǔn)時(shí)出席,謝謝!

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