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《國家寶藏》簡介

“欲知大道，必先為史”。

法國歷史學(xué)家馬克·布洛赫說：

歷史以人類的活動為特定的對象，它思接萬載，視通萬里，千姿百態(tài)，令人銷魂，因此它比其他學(xué)科更能激發(fā)人們的想像力。

中華民族五千年的文化傳承從未斷代，每一件文物都?xì)v經(jīng)著歲月的滄桑。 

CCTV大型文博探索節(jié)目《國家寶藏》，真實(shí)、全面、立體的展現(xiàn)中華民族的文化瑰寶，贊詠一眼千年中日日流淌、從未褪色的文化自信，感嘆這承載民族過往而又影響當(dāng)下未來的血脈精魂！

—— 摘自http://tv.cctv.com/cctv3/

Chinese Calligraphy 中國書法

The 'writing' of Chinese characters requires a medium. As today's writings are mostly on paper, one may wonder: What came before that?

漢字的書寫需要媒介。今天寫字大部分都是用紙，有人或許會好奇：那之前又是用什么呢？

In the Shang Dynasty, characters were carved on oracle bones or bronze wares. 

The Spring and Autumn Period was a time when the amount of writings and characters increased in great number. Hence new mediums emerged. Before paper was invented, bamboo and wood slips were important writing mediums while silk was used by aristocrats for writing.

Knives were first used as carving tools in the early phases of Chinese script. With the emergence of other specialized tools like brushes, knives began to serve as 'erasers' - to scratch off writing mistakes.

早期的漢字最先是用刀來雕刻的。后來出現(xiàn)了一些專門的書寫工具，如筆刷，刀就充當(dāng)了橡皮擦的功能 - 刮掉錯(cuò)誤的書寫。

Among the various calligraphic tools, the writing brush is special to China. It represents one of the four treasures of the study, which also include paper, ink and ink stone.

Chinese calligraphy dates from the earliest day in history, and has been widely practiced throughout China to the present day. Different from paintings, Chinese calligraphy uses Chinese characters as its vehicles of expression to communicate the spiritual world of the artist. 

One does not have to know Chinese to appreciate its beauty since calligraphy, in essence, is an abstract art. It is so abstract and sublime that in Chinese culture it is universally regarded to be the most enlightening art form.

Just as one person's appearance differs from others, so one person's handwriting differs from the others'. 

Through its unique word structures, writing styles and way of handling the brush calligraphy, as work of art, conveys the moral integrity, character, emotions, esthetic feelings and culture of the artist to readers and charms them with appealing beauty.

Chinese Painting 中國繪畫

Silk painting is the work painted on silk. The painting unearthed in 1949 from a tomb of Chu of the Warring States Period in the southern suburb of Changsha, Hunan Province, was painted on silk with human figures, dragons and phoenixes. 

絲畫是畫在絲綢上的作品。1949年從湖南長沙南邊郊區(qū)的戰(zhàn)國古墓中挖掘出來畫作，就是畫在絲綢上的，有龍、鳳凰等圖案。

It is the earliest work on silk ever discovered in China and measures about 30 centimeters long by 20 centimeters wide. From this and other early paintings on silk showing vigour and elegance, it can be seen that the ancients were already familiar with the art of the writing or painting on silk with brush.

Silk painting kept developing before the invention of paper and reached its artistic peak in the western Han dynasty.

Paintings on paper appeared much later than those on silk for the simple reason that the invention of silk preceded that of paper by a long historical period. 

紙畫出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間晚于絲畫，原因很簡單，歷史上，絲綢的發(fā)明要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)早于紙張。

In 1964, when a tomb dating to the Jin dynasty was excavated at Astana in Turpan, Xingjiang, a coloured painting on paper was discovered. It shows on the upper the sun, the moon and the Big Dipper and at the lower a man with a fan in his hand. The portrayal 106.5 centimeters long and 47 centimeters wide, is the only known painting on paper of such antiquity in China.

Since similar tools and lines were used for the earliest painting and writing. Painting is said to have the same origin as calligraphy.

Chinese paintings usually integrated poetry and calligraphy with themes that include figures, landscapes, flowers, birds and other animals, offering more profound aesthetic connotations. Many Chinese painters are poets and calligraphers at the same time. 

A painter often adds a poem to the painting, which invariably carries an impression of his or her seal. The resulting piece of work is usually an integrated whole of four branches of Chinese art - poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal-carving.