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本期內(nèi)容我們將講解醫(yī)用領(lǐng)域通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)控制的X射線(xiàn)斷層掃描系統(tǒng)（CT）與磁共振成像診斷系統(tǒng)（MRI）及正電子放射斷層掃描系統(tǒng)（PET）的技術(shù)區(qū)別。未來(lái)我們還會(huì)整理更多酷酷的醫(yī)療視頻給廣大臨床工作者，這也是一個(gè)系列節(jié)目

CT stands for Computerized Tomography, a device takes many X-rays from different angles, and uses as a computer to create a three dimensional pictures of the inside of the body.

CT表示的是電子計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描，它是一種可以從不同的角度吸收X射線(xiàn)的設(shè)備，而且它像計(jì)算機(jī)一樣，可以用來(lái)創(chuàng)建人體內(nèi)部的三維立體影像。

The CT scanner consists of a moving couch, not particularly narrow,that slowly moves a person through a hoop that has a shape of a very large donut.

CT掃描器包括一個(gè)不是特別窄的移動(dòng)檢測(cè)床，它可以將人慢慢地拖行至一個(gè)環(huán)形通道，其形狀就像是一個(gè)巨大的甜甜圈。

The vast majority of people will not experience any sense of claustrophobia. You’ll be held onto the scanner couch by the radiographer.

絕大多數(shù)的人們都不會(huì)有幽閉恐懼癥的感覺(jué)，做CT 時(shí)，將會(huì)有放射科醫(yī)師幫著把你扶上檢查床。

These days, most people go on to the scanner couch first. Before the scan starts, a small needle will usually be inserted into your arm for the injection of a contrast medium, this is a liquid that enhances the definition of scan.

如今，大多數(shù)人會(huì)先上掃描檢查床，在掃描開(kāi)始之前，會(huì)先在你的臂膀上用小針注射造影劑，這是一種可以增強(qiáng)掃描清晰度的液體。

You'll go through the scanner twice. First time is to get a general picture of the whole body, and the second time is to obtain the details of the scan.The actual scan only lasts about 20 seconds, during which time you’ll be asked to hold your breath.

你將進(jìn)入掃描儀兩次。第一次先獲得整個(gè)身體的大致掃描影像，第二次將獲取掃描的細(xì)節(jié)。實(shí)際的掃描僅僅持續(xù)大學(xué)20秒的時(shí)間，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中將可能會(huì)要求你屏住呼吸（最新）。

A more recent innovation is the MRI scan. An MRI scan uses magnetism to build up a three dimensional image of the inside of the body.

最近的一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新掃描是MRI掃描，一臺(tái)MRI掃描儀運(yùn)用磁學(xué)原理可以實(shí)時(shí)構(gòu)建人體內(nèi)部的三維圖像。

Like the CT scanner, the MRI scan also consists of a moving couch. This slowly moves a person through a cylinder that can be quite narrow, and some people find that this gives them a feeling of claustrophobia. There are a few open MRI scanners available for patients who suffer from claustrophobia which reduces this tunnel effect.

和CT掃描儀一樣，MRI掃描儀的構(gòu)造也包括可移動(dòng)的檢查床，它可以將人慢慢地移動(dòng)至一個(gè)中間相當(dāng)窄的中空?qǐng)A筒狀設(shè)備，有些人們會(huì)有一種幽閉恐懼癥的感覺(jué)。當(dāng)然也有少部分的開(kāi)放MRI掃描儀可供那些在接受掃描過(guò)程中有幽閉恐懼癥感覺(jué)的人們使用，這樣可以減輕這種隧道反應(yīng)。

You'll usually go on the scanner seat first, the radiographer give you a button on the end of a wire, so if you have any concerns you can immediately alert the staff. You can also talk to the nurses or radiographer while you are in the scanner.

通常情況下，你可能首先要坐上掃描檢查床，放射科醫(yī)生會(huì)給你一個(gè)安裝在線(xiàn)纜一端的按鈕，所以如果你有任何憂(yōu)慮你可以及時(shí)地向工作人員發(fā)出警報(bào)。即便你在掃描儀里面也可以告訴護(hù)士或放射科醫(yī)師。

As the scan uses magnetism, you need to make sure you’ve removed all metallic objects. You’ll also need to tell the radiologist if you have any internal metallic objects, such as a pacemaker, or if you have any surgical clips.

因?yàn)閽呙柽\(yùn)用磁學(xué)原理，所以你需要確保你身上已經(jīng)去除了所以金屬物件。你還需要告訴放射科醫(yī)生你體內(nèi)是否有金屬物品，比如說(shuō)心臟起搏器，或者手術(shù)芯片之類(lèi)的東西。

Before the scan starts, a small needle is inserted into your arm for the injection of the contrast medium. While the scan taking place, it can be noisy. As the scan are producing repeated knocking sound，you’ll be offered headphones through which music will be played. It’s okay, you can choose the music you prefer to help reduce the noise and to relax you. The scan lasts for 30 minutes to an hour.

在掃描開(kāi)始前，可能需要在你的臂膀上扎下小針頭來(lái)注射造影劑。在掃描過(guò)程中會(huì)有噪音產(chǎn)生。由于掃描時(shí)會(huì)不斷有敲擊的聲音產(chǎn)生，所以你將會(huì)被提供給一副耳機(jī)，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中可以用來(lái)播放音樂(lè)，當(dāng)然這是可以的，你可以選擇你喜歡的音樂(lè)，這可以幫助減少噪音，而且可以使你得到放松。整個(gè)掃描過(guò)程會(huì)持續(xù)30分鐘到一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。

The latest development in scan is the PET scan. PET stands for Positron Emission Tomography. In this scan, you’ll be given an injection of a rapidly acting radioactive substance that is used in a radioactive form of glucals.

最新的發(fā)展是PET掃描。PET表示正電子放射斷層造影術(shù)。使用這種掃描，你講會(huì)被注射一種極度活躍的(同時(shí)快速衰變的)放射性物質(zhì)，這種物質(zhì)是具有放射性的乙烯糖。

A PET scan is not as good as a CT or MRI scanning giving a good three dimensional picture of the body, and is therefore usually together with a (lodo?) CT scan to produce better pictures. Sometimes a PET scan may be combined with a full CT scan. The advantage of a PET scan is that the radio activity helps to tell what inside a shadow shown on a CT scan. In particular, whether it is cancer or not. For example, a cancer may have in large lympho glands near to it, and it may be uncertain as to whether they are in large because of cancer or for another reason. The PET will often help sort out this dilemma.

PET 掃描并沒(méi)有像CT和MRI掃描那樣好，因?yàn)镃T和MRI掃描可以給出清晰的人體三維掃描圖像。所以，PET掃描通常和CT掃描組合使用，從而形成更好的影像。有時(shí)候PET掃描需要和完整的CT掃描組合工作。PET掃描的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于放射波可以幫助我們看出CT掃描影像所顯示的陰影部分里面是什么，尤其對(duì)于我們區(qū)分是否是癌癥有很大幫助。例如，惡性腫瘤周?chē)鷷?huì)有大量的淋巴結(jié)，但它是否是由于惡性腫瘤造成的還是其他原因造成的很難確定。但是PET就可以幫助區(qū)分解決這種困境。

PET scans can also be helpful after treatment for a cancer, to sort out whether the remaining lump is active cancer or is just dead or scar tissue. PET scanner also consists of a moving couch that slowly moves a person through a short tunnel.This is a bit narrower than a CT scan but much wider than an MRI scan, and most people don’t find that it causes claustrophobia.

PET掃描對(duì)于癌癥治療后也有幫助，用它可以區(qū)分出留下的腫塊是陽(yáng)性腫瘤還是僅僅是死掉的組織或者是傷疤組織。PET掃描診斷設(shè)備也包括可以移動(dòng)的檢測(cè)床，它可以慢慢地將人移入一段短短的隧道。這個(gè)短通道要比CT掃描通道稍微窄一些但是要比MRI掃描寬好多，而且大多數(shù)人都不會(huì)經(jīng)歷幽閉恐懼癥的感覺(jué)。

About an hour before the scan starts, a small needle is inserted into your arm for the injection of radio active substance. The time is necessary for the radio active substance to be taken up by the tissues. Unlike the CT and MRI scans, you usually go into the scan on head first. You go into the scanner twice. The First time is to get the CT scan, and the second time to get the PET scan. The CT scan takes just a few seconds, but the PET scan takes around an hour.

大約在掃描開(kāi)始前的一個(gè)小時(shí)，需要用小針頭在臂膀上注射放射性物質(zhì),這一小時(shí)的時(shí)間是必要的，在此時(shí)間內(nèi)可以讓組織吸收注射過(guò)的放射性物質(zhì)。與單純CT和MRI掃描不同的是，用PET-CT掃描需要先讓頭部進(jìn)入掃描儀，而且需要兩次進(jìn)入掃描儀。第一次做CT掃描，第二次做PET掃描。CT掃描只需幾秒的時(shí)間,但是PET掃描卻要花費(fèi)大約一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。

In diagnosing and assessing cancers, ultrasound scans, CT scans, PET scans and MRI scans are often complementary and may give different information. For example, for some cancers, CT scans will give more accurate information, whereas for others, MRI scan is better. For others a PET-CT scan gives the best information. So the choice of which sort of scan is used depends on which type of cancer is suspected or being investigated. Often, the combination of some, or occasionally, all of these scans may be used in an individual.

在診斷和評(píng)估癌癥時(shí)，超聲波掃描、CT掃描、PET掃描和MRI掃描通常是互補(bǔ)運(yùn)用的，而且不同的使用方式可能會(huì)給予不同的信息。例如，對(duì)于某些癌癥，CT掃描會(huì)給予更加準(zhǔn)確的信息；然而對(duì)于其它一些癌癥，運(yùn)用MRI掃描效果會(huì)更好；還有一些癌癥，運(yùn)用PET-CT掃描可以提供最佳信息。所以，具體選擇哪種方式掃描取決于懷疑是哪種癌癥或研究哪種癌癥。通常情況下，幾種掃描方式組合使用，或者在某些場(chǎng)合下，對(duì)于同一個(gè)人甚至?xí)\(yùn)用以上提到的所有掃描方式。