5 Things You Didn't Know About Shostakovich Violin Concerto No 1
肖斯塔科維奇《第一小提琴協(xié)奏曲》
背后的故事
By Lauren Marlow
We take a look at the history of the piece and his life, and reveal the struggles Shostakovich had to overcome throughout his tumultuous professional career
我們來回顧一下這首樂曲的歷史和肖斯塔科維奇的一生，揭露一些肖斯塔科維奇動(dòng)蕩的職業(yè)生涯中所經(jīng)歷的各種抗?fàn)帯?/p>
Mother Russia
祖國(guó)母親前蘇聯(lián)
Under Joseph Stalin's rule (mid-1920s until 1953), all Soviet composers were required to compose music of a fundamentally positive nature，designed to encourage feelings of patriotism for Mother Russia, (his Symphony No 9 was censured for its 'failure to reflect the spirit of the Soviet people').
在約瑟夫?斯大林的鐵律下（1920年中期至1953年），所有的蘇聯(lián)作曲家都被要求創(chuàng)作出的音樂從根本上具有一種積極向上氣質(zhì)，充滿對(duì)祖國(guó)母親前蘇聯(lián)的愛國(guó)主義熱情，他的《第九交響曲》就被指責(zé)沒有反映出蘇維埃人民的精神。
Unfortunately for Shostakovich, his tendencies for seeing the darker side in almost everything led to him being largely disliked by Soviet Russia for vast periods of his professional career. Shostakovich lived in denunciation twice in his life, firstly in 1936 and for a second time in 1948 until Stalin's death in 1953.
不幸的是，肖斯塔科維奇更傾向于發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎任何事物的黑暗面，這使他在職業(yè)生涯的大多數(shù)時(shí)候不被前蘇聯(lián)人民所喜歡。肖斯塔科維奇一生中曾經(jīng)遭受過兩次批判，第一次是1936年，第二次是1948年開始直到1953年斯大林去世。
The Desk Drawer
祖國(guó)母親前蘇聯(lián)
During his second denunciation, Shostakovich only composed three categories of work: film music to pay the rent, official works aimed at securing official rehabilitation，and serious works 'for the desk drawer', which included Violin Concerto No 1. This latter category were pieces that were 'complex and abstract to satisfy Shostakovich's own artistic standards'.
在他被第二次批判期間，肖斯塔科維奇只創(chuàng)作過三種類型的作品：為了維持生計(jì)而創(chuàng)作的電影音樂，旨在使政府恢復(fù)名譽(yù)的官方作品，以及當(dāng)時(shí)未能公演的嚴(yán)肅作品，其中就包括《第一小提琴協(xié)奏曲》。最后這一類作品具有復(fù)雜而抽象的特征，符合肖斯塔科維奇自己的藝術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
During 1948, he was forced to make a public apology by Soviet officials, stating 'I know the Party is right... I shall try again and again to create symphonic works close to the spirit of the people.' Shostakovich waited two years after Stalin's death to premiere Violin Concerto No 1.
1948年期間，蘇維埃政府強(qiáng)迫肖斯塔科維奇發(fā)表一個(gè)公開道歉，聲稱“我知道這個(gè)政黨是正確的，我應(yīng)該不斷地努力創(chuàng)作接近人民精神的交響作品”。肖斯塔科維奇一直等到斯大林逝世兩年后才首演了他的《第一小提琴協(xié)奏曲》。
The DSCH Motif
DSCH動(dòng)機(jī)
Because Violin Concerto No 1 was written during Schostakovich's denunciation, it is unknown whether is was written before or after his Tenth Symphony (1953). It is thought that No 10 is the first work that introduces the famous DSCH motif, but it is possible that his Violin Concerto No 1 was actually the first instance of the motif, as it appears in the second movement.
由于第一小提琴協(xié)奏曲寫于肖斯塔科維奇被批判時(shí)期，因此我們無法知道這部小提琴協(xié)奏曲是寫于他的《第十交響曲》之前或之后。大家普遍認(rèn)為第十交響曲是首部引入著名DSCH動(dòng)機(jī)的作品，但也有可能是他的《第一小提琴協(xié)奏曲》第一次引用這一動(dòng)機(jī)，出現(xiàn)在這部作品的第二樂章。
The motif is used in many of his works and is believed to represent Shostakovich himself. The name is ingeniously derived from the German transliteration of his name, Dmitri SCHostakovich. In German musical notation S is E-flat and H is B natural, resulting in an unsettling four note sequence D-E flat-C-B.
這一動(dòng)機(jī)被應(yīng)用在他的許多作品中并且被認(rèn)為是代表了肖斯塔科維奇本人。這個(gè)動(dòng)機(jī)的名稱巧妙地取自于他名字Dmitri SCHostakovich的德語(yǔ)音譯。在德國(guó)的音樂記譜法中S表示降E調(diào)，H表示自然音B,由此產(chǎn)生了一組令人不安的四個(gè)音D-降E-C-B.
Lost Works
丟失的作品
Throughout his lifetime, as well as completing major symphonies and orchestral works Shostakovich was an established film composer, creating scores for 36 films.. Most notably is the varied, colourful and over-the-top score of The Golden Mountains (1931). Unfortunately, much of his film music has been lost or only exists now in fragments.
肖斯塔科維奇一生中創(chuàng)作了大量的交響樂和管弦樂，同時(shí)他也是一位著名的電影音樂作曲家，為36部電影創(chuàng)作了配樂。尤其是為電影《金山》所創(chuàng)作的富有變化和色彩的頂級(jí)配樂。不幸的是，他的很多電影音樂作品丟失了，或者僅現(xiàn)存一些不完整的作品。
Postal Perfection
完美主義
According to Shostakovich's daughter Galina, he was 'obsessed with cleanliness, a complete perfectionist'. He would synchronize all of the clocks in their family apartment, and would regularly send cards to himself to test the efficiency of the postal service.
根據(jù)他女兒加麗娜的說法，肖斯塔科維奇有潔癖，是一個(gè)完美主義者。他會(huì)把家里所有的鐘調(diào)整到完全一致，并且會(huì)經(jīng)常給自己寄明信片來測(cè)試郵政服務(wù)的效率。
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