本推文分為四個部分
部分一:文言文原文
部分二:字詞句注釋
部分三:文言文英譯
部分四:白話文譯文
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部分一:文言文原文
傷仲永1
金溪民方仲永2,世隸耕3。仲永生五年4,未嘗識書具5,忽啼求之6。父異焉7,借旁近與之8,即書詩四句,并自為其名。其詩以養(yǎng)父母、收族為意9,傳一鄉(xiāng)秀才觀之10。自是指物作詩立就11,其文理皆有可觀者12。邑人奇之13,稍稍賓客其父14,或以錢幣乞之15。父利其然也16,日扳仲永環(huán)謁于邑人17,不使學。
余聞之也久。明道中18,從先人還家19,于舅家見之,十二三矣。令作詩,不能稱前時之聞20。又七年,還自揚州,復到舅家問焉21。曰:“泯然眾人矣22?!?/p>
王子曰23:仲永之通悟24,受之天也25。其受之天也,賢于材人遠矣26。卒之為眾人27,則其受于人者不至也28。彼其受之天也29,如此其賢也,不受之人,且為眾人;今夫不受之天,固眾人,又不受之人,得為眾人而已耶30?
部分二:字詞句注釋
傷:哀傷,嘆息。
金溪:地名,今在江西金溪,是王安石外祖父吳玫的家鄉(xiāng)。
隸:屬于。
生:生長到。
識:認識。書具:書寫的工具(筆、墨、紙、硯等)。
求:要。
異:對······感到詫異。
借旁近:就近借來。旁近,附近,這里指鄰居。與:給。.
養(yǎng):奉養(yǎng),贍養(yǎng)。收族:團結宗族,和同一宗族的人搞好關系。收,聚,團結。意:主旨(中心,或文章大意)。
一:全。
指:指定。就:完成。
文:文采。理:道理。
邑人:同(鄉(xiāng))縣的人。奇:對······感到驚奇(奇怪)。
稍稍:漸漸。賓客:這里是以賓客之禮相待的意思,賓,本文的意思是狀語。
乞:求取。
利其然:認為這樣是有利可圖的。利,認為······有利可圖。
日:每天。扳(pān):通“攀”,牽,引。環(huán):四處,到處。謁:拜訪。
明道:宋仁宗趙禎年號(1032-1033)。
從:跟隨。先人:指王安石死去的父親。
前時之聞:以前的名聲。
復:又,再。
泯(mǐn)然眾人矣:完全如同常人了。泯然:消失,指原有的特點完全消失了。眾人,常人。
王子:王安石的自稱。
通:通達。悟:聰慧。
受:接受。天:先天。
賢:勝過,超過。于:比。材:同“才”,才能。
卒:最終。
于:被。不至:沒有達到要求。至,達到。
彼其:他。
已:停止。耶:表示反問,相當于“嗎”、“呢”。
部分三:文言文英譯
Lament over the Oblivion of Zhongyong
Wang Anshi
Fang Zhongyong, a Jinxi resident, has been farming for his entire life.
Although he had never been taught how to use a writing tool, one day at the age of five, he suddenly cried for one. Amazed, his father borrowed one from a neighbor. Instantly, he wrote down a four-line verse and signed it. The verse was something about supporting parents and improving clan relationships, which was circulated for viewing among all the scholars in the village. Ever since then, Zhongyong improvised verses on objects randomly picked, and his verses all showed literary talent and ingenuity in diction. Finding this peculiar, people in the county started to entertain his father with dinners or simply to pay for Zhongyong’s poems. Seeing the profits in this, every day, his father took him around in the country visiting people, but ignored his studies.
I heard this for a long time, but it was only after I returned to the county with my father in the year of Mingdao that I saw the boy in my uncle’s home. He was already twelve or thirteen years old by then, and the verses he wrote upon request did not attain to what was heard before. Seven years later, I came back home again from Yangzhou. Upon revisiting my uncle, I asked about the boy. “He is obscured as an ordinary person” was the reply!
Here is my comment: Zhongyong’s talent was innate. Although he enjoyed a natural gift far above most other talented people, he faded into an ordinary person because he didn’t receive enough education. If such a born talent would without education have wilted into ordinariness, then what about those ordinary people who do not have the innate talent nor receive education—just ordinary?(徐英才 譯)
部分四:白話文譯文
金溪有個叫方仲永的百姓,家中世代以耕田為業(yè)。仲永長到五歲時,不曾認識書寫工具。忽然有一天仲永哭著索要這些東西。他的父親對此感到詫異,就向鄰居那里把那些東西借來給他。仲永立刻寫下了四句,并自己題上自己的名字。這首詩以贍養(yǎng)父母和團結同宗族的人為主旨, 給全鄉(xiāng)的秀才觀賞。從此,指定事物讓他作詩,方仲永立刻就能完成,并且詩的文采和道理都有值得欣賞的地方。同縣的人們對此都感到非常驚奇,漸漸地都以賓客之禮對待他的父親,有的人花錢求取仲永的詩。方仲永父親認為這樣有利可圖,就每天帶領著仲永四處拜訪同縣的人,不讓他學習。
我聽到這件事很久了。明道年間,我跟隨先父回到家鄉(xiāng),在舅舅家見到方仲永,他已經(jīng)十二三歲了。我叫他作詩,寫出來的詩已經(jīng)不能與從前的名聲相稱。又過了七年,我從揚州回來,再次到舅舅家去,問起方仲永的情況,回答說:“他的才能消失了,和普通人沒有什么區(qū)別了?!?/span>
王安石說:方仲永的通達聰慧,是先天得到的。他的天賦,比一般有才能的人要優(yōu)秀得多;但最終成為一個平凡的人,是因為他后天所受的教育還沒有達到要求。他得到的天資是那樣的好,沒有受到正常的后天教育,尚且成為平凡的人;那么,現(xiàn)在那些本來就不天生聰明,本來就是平凡的人,又不接受后天的教育,難道成為普通人就為止了嗎?
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