據(jù)研究人員報告,在小鼠中,各種各樣的居住在腸道中的微生物可影響性激素的水平并轉(zhuǎn)而出現(xiàn)I型糖尿病這一自身免疫性疾病。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會提供線索讓人們了解為什么像多發(fā)性硬化及類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎等自身免疫性疾病在女性中往往要比在男性中更為常見。
人們公認,遺傳因素及環(huán)境因素都促成了一個人對自身免疫性疾病的易感性,但人們對可能起作用的特定環(huán)境影響并不十分了解。Janet Markle及其同事希望從會發(fā)生I型糖尿病的“NOD”系小鼠尋求啟示。在通常的情況下,雌性小鼠比雄性對自身免疫性疾病更加易感,雄性似乎因為有較高的睪酮水平而得到保護。但是,這種差異在NOD 小鼠于無菌環(huán)境下長大時則消失了。在發(fā)病之前,研究人員將雄性小鼠的腸道內(nèi)容物轉(zhuǎn)移到雌性小鼠的腸道中并發(fā)現(xiàn),雌性小鼠這時得到了保護而不會有各種I型糖尿病的癥狀。抑制睪酮的活性可逆轉(zhuǎn)這種保護性的作用。有必要做更多的工作來探索這些發(fā)現(xiàn)如何適用于人類—— 例如,它們與像類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎和多發(fā)性硬化等性別偏倚性疾病的關(guān)系可能要大于與它們與I型糖尿病的關(guān)系,I型糖尿病實際上以大致相同的頻率影響著男女兩性。
但是,文章的作者提出,隨著人們能夠更容易地發(fā)現(xiàn)有著高自身免疫風(fēng)險的嬰兒和兒童,研究人員可評估以腸道微生物群為標靶來預(yù)防或延緩這些慢性疾病發(fā)生的可能性。(生物谷Bioon.com)
Sex Differences in the Gut Microbiome Drive Hormone-Dependent Regulation of Autoimmunity
Janet G. M. Markle1,2, Daniel N. Frank3, Steven Mortin-Toth1, Charles E. Robertson4, Leah M. Feazel3, Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk5, Martin von Bergen5,6,7, Kathy D. McCoy8, Andrew J. Macpherson8, Jayne S. Danska1,2,9,*
Microbial exposures and sex hormones exert potent effects on autoimmune diseases, many of which are more prevalent in women. Here, we demonstrate a direct interaction between sex hormones and early life microbial exposures on the control of autoimmunity in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Colonization by commensal microbes elevated serum testosterone and protected NOD males from T1D. Transfer of gut microbiota from adult males to immature females altered the recipient's microbiota, resulting in elevated testosterone and metabolomic changes, reduced islet inflammation and autoantibody production, and robust T1D protection. These effects were dependent on androgen receptor activity. Thus, the commensal microbial community alters sex hormone levels and regulates autoimmune disease fate in individuals with high genetic risk.
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