賓語(yǔ)從句定義：在復(fù)合句中，做賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。
賓語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）/介詞/系表+引導(dǎo)詞+賓從
賓語(yǔ)從句的用法——“三關(guān)”原則。
第一關(guān)：引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)
1.由that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。（That 只有語(yǔ)法作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)在的意義，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可以省略。）
如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which 和連接副詞when,where, why, how 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。
注意：這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。
如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if 或whether 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。if和whether 在句中意思是“是否”。
如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
表格總結(jié)：
注意事項(xiàng)：
★一般情況下,if 和whether可以互換,但以下3種情況只能用whether:
①在不定式前:Whetherto go there or not hasn’t been decided.
②在介詞前:Itdepends on(依靠) whether it is goingto rain.
③與ornot連用:They are talkingabout whether to go there or not.
★連接代詞who, whom, whose,what, which,連接副詞when, where, why, how,它們起連接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意義.
e.g.The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
★1.由連接代、副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以和“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化.
e.g. Idon’t know how I should do with the presents. → I don’t know how to do with thepresents.
2.要注意區(qū)分判斷由if, when引導(dǎo)的從句類型，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，主將從現(xiàn)。
第二關(guān)：語(yǔ)序關(guān)——賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句的語(yǔ)序。
如：What does he like？+ I wonder→I wonder what he likes. 我想知道他喜歡什么。
Where were you born？+ He asked →He asked mewhere I was born.他問(wèn)我出生的地方。
★陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,語(yǔ)序不變.
e.g. She said, “I will leave a message foryou.” → She said she would leave a message for me.
一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí),也要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述語(yǔ)序。
e.g. “Where are the students?” I asked Emma. →I asked Emma where the students were.
特例: 1, Could you tell me為主句，從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。
2, what’s the matter不改語(yǔ)序。What the matter is 意義不同。
第三關(guān)：時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)
賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系
1. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。（主現(xiàn)從隨便）
如：I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。（主過(guò)從必過(guò)）
如：He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此時(shí)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)影響。（客觀真理永一現(xiàn)）
如：Our teacher said thatJanuary is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around thesun.
總結(jié)：
賓語(yǔ)從句鉆石三原則：
1. 賓語(yǔ)從句使用陳述語(yǔ)序。
2. 主從句時(shí)態(tài)“保持一致”。
3.賓語(yǔ)從句描述客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
【中考原題再現(xiàn)】
(2014,27)It`shard to believe ____ the way out of the forest without the help of the localguide.
A.whatthey were able to find B.what were they able to find
C.howthey were able to find D.how were they able to find
【答案】C
【解析】考點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句。believe 后為賓語(yǔ)從句，要用陳述語(yǔ)序，排除BD，find后已經(jīng)有賓語(yǔ)way，因此選擇關(guān)系副詞how。翻譯:很難相信沒(méi)有當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的幫忙，他們是怎么找到這個(gè)森林的出口。
(2013,27) I don’t understand _________ that everything’s fine when it’snot.
A. howcan he say B.can he say how
C. he cansay how D.how he can say
【答案】D
【解析】考點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句。要用陳述語(yǔ)序：疑問(wèn)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他。意思是我不能理解他怎么可以是非顛倒。
(2012,26) –Could you tell me _________?
-Ofcourse.
A. where’s there a good place to eat B. where there’s a good place toeat
C. where is a good place to eat D. where a good place is toeat
【答案】B
【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句要改為陳述語(yǔ)序。
(2011,29)Franklin told them all ______ to be in Britain again.
A. he washow happy B. how happy he was C. how was he happy D. he was happy how
【答案】B
【解析】賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞在從句句首，其語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。
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