Zhejiang province seems to have its share of the nouveau rich, who are not shy about showing their wealth either with wads of cash, gold decorations, or luxury cars, especially when it comes to a dowry, which was popular in the old days, when it was referred to as a “10-mile Red Dowry”.
浙江的“富豪”很出名，有的富裕人家嫁女時甚至以大額現(xiàn)金、支票、黃金、豪車等等作嫁妝。不過，這么豪華的婚禮可不是今天才有，今天介紹的“非遺”寧海十里紅妝，就是當?shù)刈畛雒募奕L俗。
This particular dowry is a prevalent wedding custom in Ninghai county, on the outskirts of the city of Ningbo, in which the bride’s family would provide a dowry with various large items made of cinnabar wood, or embroidered items, and a wedding procession that was said to stretch for 10 miles. It goes back as far as the Song Dynasty (960-1279) but hit a high point during the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, and was even added to the national cultural heritage list in 2008.
十里紅妝是一種流行于以寧?？h為主的浙江東部地區(qū)的婚俗，因為當?shù)丶夼畷r，所用的嫁妝從床鋪家具到針頭線腦一應俱全，迎親隊伍綿延十里，故得此名。這種婚俗始于南宋，盛于明清，2008年被列入中國國家級非物質文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。
The wedding preparations consisted of six parts: the match-making; discerning the bride's birth date in accordance with the Bazi (8-character) horoscope; getting a fortune teller to predict the outcome at the bridegroom’s ancestral temple; giving gifts and cash to the bride; selecting an auspicious wedding date; and welcoming the bride.
十里紅妝婚嫁儀式和中國傳統(tǒng)婚俗一樣，要經(jīng)過六道關口，也就是所謂的“六禮”：納采、問名、納吉、納征、請期、親迎。
The dowry itself has a distinct character, and calls for the very best materials of exquisite craftsmanship from the Jiangnan (south of the Yangtze) region. These consisted of wood engraved with dragons and phoenix, painted red (for happiness and joy) and decorated in gold leaf, for bridal sedan chair, wedding bed, wedding cases, and home furnishings. The sedan chair and wedding bed used special Ningbo lacquer, which was added to the national cultural heritage list, with a typical example being the Wan Gong Sedan-Chair. It was a very time-consuming process, in most cases requiring hundreds of hours of work, or “wan gong” (10,000 hours).
十里紅妝最有特色的要數(shù)嫁妝。寧海婚俗的嫁妝選材考究，集中體現(xiàn)了精湛的江南手工技藝。獨特的紅色表達了喜慶、吉祥、熱烈的美好愿望，是江南地區(qū)民俗傳承的組成部分。陪嫁的器物主要包括花轎、婚床、杠箱、各種器皿和裝飾等，所有嫁妝經(jīng)朱漆貼金，雕龍刻鳳，制作工藝繁縟。其中的花轎和婚床更是運用到了朱金漆木雕和泥金彩漆兩種被列入國家“非遺”的技藝，“千工床、萬工轎”便是典型代表。
This custom was obviously intended to show off the family’s wealth and status and indicates a good match in social status. However, lives changed in the modern age and were influenced by other cultures, so, the practice went into decline in urban areas, but is still followed by rural families.
這一婚俗可以顯示富有，增強社會地位。隨著現(xiàn)代生活方式的改變，外來文化的沖擊，十里紅妝婚俗在城市已漸漸淡化，但在農(nóng)村地區(qū)還保留了一些習俗。
One person who made a name for himself for his research on the “Red Dowry” was He Xiaodao, who got an outstanding cultural figure award for 2012 for his effort, together with Mo Yan (winner of Nobel Prize for literature). The custom inspired a number of movies, songs, dramas and documentaries, such as the stage play of The Red Dowry— a Bride’s Dream and the movie The Red Dowry.
收藏家何曉道是這項“非遺”的代表性傳承人，曾經(jīng)空白的中國紅妝理論的研究體系，就是以他一己之力建起來的，2012年他與莫言等一起被評為“2012中華文化人物”。現(xiàn)在“十里紅妝”還衍生出電影、歌舞劇、紀錄片等相關產(chǎn)品，如舞臺劇《十里紅妝·女兒夢》、電影《十里紅妝》。
供稿：中國日報
編輯：曉燕 小朱
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