復(fù)合句
概念:復(fù)合句也稱主從句，即主句和從句，從句須有引導(dǎo)詞或叫連詞引出，否則復(fù)合句不成立。由于連詞既起連接主句和從句的作用，表明主從句之間的關(guān)系，還在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成份，有一定的意義，故復(fù)合句中的連詞常成為考查的焦點(diǎn)。
賓語(yǔ)從句
一．在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，如：
I know the man.
而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，如：
I know that the man is a policeman.
主句 引導(dǎo)詞 從句
二．中考對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：
1. 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞和代詞選擇；
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序；
3. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。
三. 賓語(yǔ)從句的種類
1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。that只有語(yǔ)法作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)在的意義，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：
He said(that) he wanted to stay at home.
Shedoesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure(that) he will succeed.
2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如：
Do youknow who (whom) they are waiting for?
He askedwhose handwriting was the best.
Can youtell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’tknow why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I want toknow if (whether) he lives there.
He askedme whether (if) I could help him.
注意一下情況只用whether，不用if
whether引導(dǎo)的從句?？梢耘c連詞or或ornot直接連用。如：
正： Let me know whether you can comeor not.
誤： Let me know if you can come ornot.
2. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句提到句首時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)。如：
正： Whether it is true or not, Ican’t tell.
誤： If it is true or not, I can’ttell.
3.whether可以引導(dǎo)帶to的不定式。如：
正： I don’t know whether to accept orrefuse.
誤： I don’t know if to accept orrefuse.
4.whether及其引導(dǎo)的成分可放于介詞之后，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：
正： I worry about whether I hurt herfeelings.
誤： I worry about if I hurt herfeelings.
四. 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序
賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句的語(yǔ)序。例如：
I hear(that) physics isn’t easy.
I think(that) you will like this school soon.
Can youtell me how I can get to zoo?
Pleasetell me when we’ll have the meeting.
五. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)
1. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。如：
I don’tthink (that) you are right.
Pleasetell us where he is.
Can youtell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。例如：
He askedwhat time it was.
He toldme that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He askedif you had written to Peter.
He saidthat he would go back to the U.S.soon.
3. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：
Ourteacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientistshave proved that the earth turns around the sun.
六．否定前移
如果主句是第一人稱，時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在是。并且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose時(shí)，若從句包含否定的意義，否定要放在主句。
I don’tthink I can finish the work on time.(我認(rèn)為我無(wú)法按時(shí)完成工作。)
七．如何改為賓語(yǔ)從句
A.三關(guān)
1. 引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)
①陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that（that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略）；
②一般疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用if/whether；
③特殊疑問(wèn)句，引導(dǎo)詞用由疑問(wèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的疑問(wèn)代詞/副詞。
2. 語(yǔ)序關(guān)
①陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。如：
He is anhonest boy. The teacher said.
→Theteacher said（that）hewas an honest boy.
②一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如：
Does hework hard？I wonder.
→I wonderif/whether he works hard.
When didhe leave？I don’t know.
→I don’tknow when he left.
注意：有些疑問(wèn)句本身就是陳述語(yǔ)序
1. Whowent there yesterday? Mary wanted to know.
→ Marywanted to know who went there yesterday.
2. What’sthe matter with the clock? He wondered.
→ Hewondered what was the matter with the clock.
3. 時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)
①如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如：
I haveheard（that）hewill come back next week.
②如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如：
He said（that）therewere no classes yesterday.
注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
He saidthat light travels much faster than sound.
B.人稱的變化和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用
1. 從句的主語(yǔ)如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句則與主句的主語(yǔ)一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語(yǔ)一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：
“May Iuse your knife？”He asked me.
→He askedme if he might use my knife.
“Do youknow her telephone number？”Heasked me.
→He askedme if I knew her telephone number.
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號(hào)；主句是疑問(wèn)句，用問(wèn)號(hào)。如：
Who willgive us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know whowill give us a talk.
Do youknow？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？
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