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馬德里 普拉多博物館及周邊

        普拉多博物館也是這次特別提出要看的,我們到的時候,正好趕上到了博物館免費(fèi)排隊參觀的時候。別的不管,先排隊領(lǐng)票進(jìn)去再說。

        普拉多博物館從1818年開始成為專門的美術(shù)博物館,是世界四大博物館之一,也是收藏西班牙繪畫作品最全面、最權(quán)威的美術(shù)館。普拉多博物館收藏有委拉斯蓋茲、戈雅、牟利羅、葛雷柯、貝拉、提香、拉斐爾、波提切利、魯本斯等繪畫大師的作品。館內(nèi)共有8600幅繪畫、5000多幅圖畫,2000件雕刻作品,700余件雕塑和多件局部作品、約1000枚錢幣和獎?wù)乱约敖?000件裝飾藝術(shù)品。由于普拉多博物館得大部分收藏品來源于原來得西班牙王室,所以藏品集中于宮廷肖像畫和宗教題材畫這兩大主題。但是從作品風(fēng)格演變得軌跡可以看出,在漫長得幾個世紀(jì)中,畫家們從嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)甚至刻板得中世紀(jì)風(fēng)格到蓬勃奔放得文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格,再到活潑世俗得寫實(shí)主義風(fēng)格,不斷地向前邁進(jìn)。西班牙劇作家洛佩?德?維加曾說過:藝術(shù)要表現(xiàn)時代,把我們在生活中看到得東西反映出來??赡苷且?yàn)槿f提斯和洛佩?德?維加等人得現(xiàn)實(shí)主義精神得啟發(fā),之后得西班牙藝術(shù)家在追求藝術(shù)高峰時,力求忠實(shí)地將民族精神反映在自己得作品中。

        在博物館里樓上樓下的亂轉(zhuǎn),看到了比較熟悉那個小公主的畫,單獨(dú)在一個展室。這是委拉斯蓋茲的《宮娥圖》:在與菲利普四世夫婦相處近40年后,委拉斯蓋茲創(chuàng)作了這幅視角獨(dú)特的王室“全家福”。整幅畫面的中心是小公主瑪格麗特,所有人物都圍繞著、關(guān)注著她。這是因?yàn)樵诳逅雇踝右馔馑廊ズ?,?dāng)時年僅5歲的瑪格麗特成為王位的繼承人,年邁的國王夫婦唯一的希望。如果不是對國王夫婦的期望和擔(dān)憂了如指掌,畫家就不可能創(chuàng)作出這樣一幅含義深遠(yuǎn)的作品。說是還有是戈雅的《裸體的瑪雅》:這幅畫在當(dāng)時的繪畫界引起了巨大的震動,這可能是第一幅不以女神面貌出現(xiàn)的裸體人像作品。走的快沒有注意到,只能在館外戈雅的雕塑腳下看到這瑪雅的麗姿啦。

        博物館里不許拍照,只把大廳里讓拍的雕塑拍了幾張,油畫就沒有拍了。缺憾不單的畫,不拍記不住,忙著往里跑,出來時連博物館的正門那面也沒有看。只是被博物館后面的教堂吸引,一路走了下去,看凱旋門,看西芭莉女神噴泉,看海神廣場,看普拉多林蔭大道...

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