有這樣一道題：
At last we found a path leading to the top of the mountain, _____ we saw a beautiful sunrise.
A. in where B. in which C. which D. from where
問：這一空，用where或from which可以嗎？
答案是D。那么，很自然，接下來的問題就是：為什么？先看以下三句能接受嗎？
He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see the enemy in the distance.
他躲在一棵樹上，從那兒他可以看到遠(yuǎn)處的敵人。
We went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of the procession.
我們爬上屋頂，從那兒可以很好地觀看游行。
China is the birth place of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
中國是風(fēng)箏的發(fā)源地，風(fēng)箏從那里傳播到日本、韓國、泰國和印度。
如果不能，那么下面三句是否更不能接受？
From where I stood I could see everything clearly.
從我站的地方我一切都看得清清楚楚。
The car stopped short only a few inches from where I stood.
汽車在離我站的地方僅幾英寸處突然停住。
The school was only a few blocks from where she lived.
學(xué)校離她的住所只有幾個街區(qū)的距離。
解決疑問需要弄清楚定語從句的兩個問題：1. 定語從句的本質(zhì)是什么；2. 先行詞與關(guān)系詞在主從句中怎么保持一致。逐一說明如下：
1.定語從句的本質(zhì)是什么
簡單地說，就是用一個句子修飾一個名詞，包含兩個方面：
1）該名詞(先行詞)來自于一個語意、結(jié)構(gòu)上都完整的單句，即原本是句中一份子；在單獨(dú)提取該名詞后，剩下的余句①需要一個該名詞的替身(關(guān)系詞)填補(bǔ)空缺從而保持自身平衡；②位置緊隨該名詞的替身之后；
2）替身與該名詞如影隨形、不可分割；
3）若該名詞另起爐灶重新成句，則為主句；
①I like my dog.
我喜歡我的狗。
②It is called Bobby.
它叫波比。
①+②: I like my dog which is called Bobby.
我喜歡我那叫波比的狗。
/ My dog that I like is called Bobby.
我喜歡的狗叫波比。
再比如：
③I disliked math.
我討厭數(shù)學(xué)。
④To my surprise, Sally praised me .
讓我驚訝的是， 薩利表揚(yáng)了我。
③+④: I dislike math,to whose surprise, Sally praised me .
我討厭數(shù)學(xué)，讓我驚訝的是， 薩利表揚(yáng)了我。
/ To my surprise, Sally praised me who disliked math.
讓我驚訝的是， 薩利表揚(yáng)了討厭數(shù)學(xué)的我。
2.先行詞與關(guān)系詞在主從句中怎么保持一致
保持一致 ，形式上有一一對應(yīng):人、事、時間、地點(diǎn)、原因分別為who(m)/that 、which/that 、 when、 where 、why;看似一目了然，但實(shí)際細(xì)則的運(yùn)用復(fù)雜得多，核心在于要保證影與形之間有變形、不變味，必需靈活把握先行詞的真切內(nèi)涵。
①The great poet Li Bai lived in the Tang empire,which (: the country) was powerful.
大詩人李白生活在唐帝國，國力強(qiáng)盛。（唐帝國指國家）
②The great poet Li Bai lived in the Tang empire, most of whose(:the state’s) emperors were men.
大詩人李白生活在唐帝國，它大部分的皇帝是男性。（唐帝國指國體）
③The great poet Li Bai lived in the Tang empire, when (: during which time)people lived in peace.
大詩人李白生活在唐帝國，那時人們生活安定。（唐帝國指時期）
④The great poet Li Bai lived in the Tang empire, since when(:since which time) poetry came to its peak.
大詩人李白生活在唐帝國，自那時起詩歌達(dá)到巔峰。（唐帝國指朝代）
⑤The great poet Li Bai lived in the Tang empire, where (: to which place) many alien species had been introduced.
大詩人李白生活在唐帝國，很多外來物種被引入。（唐帝國指疆土）
⑥The great poet Li Bai lived in the Tang empire, from where (:from which place)the western absorbed lots of agricultural knowledge.
大詩人李白生活在唐帝國，西方由此吸收了大量的農(nóng)業(yè)知識。（唐帝國指地域）
分析：①②關(guān)系詞的選擇很容易，表主體概念、物有關(guān)系， ③⑤先行詞的內(nèi)容需要琢磨，指時間特征、地域范圍，④⑥只是在 ③⑤基礎(chǔ)上出于語意需要增加了介詞（since, from), 雖燒腦，但一樣也能接受。
總結(jié)：一個Tang empire居然身兼數(shù)職，既是抽象的概念、物體，又是具體的時間、空間。先行詞意項(xiàng)的確定取決于該名詞在其后從句中的角色和定位。換言之，先行詞與關(guān)系詞之間存在著一對多的情況。定語從句是先行詞的第一語境，正如人的原生家庭，它在第一語境中的生存狀態(tài)直接決定了關(guān)系詞的選擇。
進(jìn)入正題：from后接wh-從句嗎？先學(xué)習(xí)例句：
①We can deduce a lot from what people choose to buy.
從人們選購的東西可以作出多方面的推斷。
To judge from what he said, he was very disappointed.
從他的話判斷，他非常失望。
It's obvious from what she said that something is wrong.
根據(jù)她所說的，顯然是出問題了。
②From where I stand, it seems like a bad idea.
·從我的角度來看，這似乎是個糟糕的主意。
Start reading from where you left off last time.
從上次停下來的地方接著讀吧。
Amy could sense his liveliness even from where she stood.
艾米甚至能從她所站的地方感受到他的勃勃生氣。
③Can you tell us anything you remember from when a big earthquake happened?
你能告訴我們大地震發(fā)生時你記得的事情嗎？
Billy found some of his own toys and clothes from when he was much younger.
比利找到了一些他小時候的玩具和衣服。
Give yourself at least 2 hours from when you eat to when you sleep.
吃東西到睡覺之間至少給自己兩個小時時間。
發(fā)現(xiàn)：
(1)介詞from后面也可以跟一些wh-從句，跟在其后面的wh-詞最常見的有三個：what，where及when；
(2)from+ wh-+從句中：從句可當(dāng)作定語從句，先行詞就是特殊的wh-,因?yàn)樗鼈冇须p重成分：
①what ：all/ everything/ the things...+that 。。。的事情
She felt a sense of detachment from what (: all that) was going on.
她對眼前發(fā)生的事感到很超然。
I don't see how that follows from what (: the things that) you've just said.
根據(jù)你剛才所說的，我不明白怎么會產(chǎn)生那樣的結(jié)果。
From what(: all that) I can gather , there's been some kind of problem.
從我了解的情況看，還存在某種問題。
②where: the place + where 。。。的地方
It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.
首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎行的人是我姐姐。
She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.
她爬上山頂，從那里她可以把整個城鎮(zhèn)的景色盡收眼底。
Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees.
下了馬不久，船長出現(xiàn)在二樓的窗戶前，從那里他什么也看不見，只有樹。
③when： the time + when 。。。的時間
He coached me from when I was little. He came home from work every day to see me play.
從很小的時候，他就開始教我怎么玩兒棒球，每天他都要在下班回來以后看我玩兒。
That's one of the big things about the difference from when our generation was growing up.
現(xiàn)在與我們成長的時代已經(jīng)大大不同了，這是很重要的一點(diǎn)。
It is important to introduce children to healthy nutritious foods from when they begin to eat solids.
從孩子可以吃固體食物開始就引導(dǎo)他們食用健康營養(yǎng)的食物是很重要的。
試一試：
1.我從她的話語里推斷你身體一直不太好。
2.據(jù)我所知，你的工作不順手。
3.憑我對他的了解，他不會?；^的。
4.據(jù)我所知，他想通過舉辦節(jié)慶活動來籌款。
5.從他們這些年的所作所為看來，他們的確是口蜜腹劍的“朋友”。
6.我覺得這開始讓我無法集中精神做我真正想做的事情了。
7.憑感觸分辨軟與硬。
8. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個村莊的面貌和過去大不相同。
9.我曾在法國住過；確切地說，離你要去的地方不遠(yuǎn)?！?/span>
10.從你坐的地方夠得著燈的開關(guān)嗎？
11.在哪兒跌倒就從哪兒爬起來。
12. 如果唯一的殘疾人廁所位于地下室，離電影放映的地方很遠(yuǎn)，那就很困難了。
13.放眼望去，可以分辨出12種深淺不一的綠色色調(diào)。
14. 她的一個表親在離她家只有幾條街的地方被槍殺。
15. 那汽車終于停了下來，離我站的地方只有幾英寸遠(yuǎn)。
16. 在哪兒跌倒就從哪兒爬起來。
17. 她拾起掉在地上的一頂帽子，隨意地往頭上一扣。
18.許多人仍然記得圣誕老人的魔力，從他們還是孩子的時候。
19.為了計(jì)算出這些設(shè)備使用了多少電力，紐約羅切斯特理工學(xué)院的Callie Babbitt和她的同事們追蹤了每件產(chǎn)品其生命周期的環(huán)境成本——從它的礦物被開采到我們停止使用它。
20. 一個發(fā)小就在我動身去北京之前意外地來到我家。
Key:
1.I inferred from what she said that you have not been well .
2.From what I have been told, you are not getting on well with your work.
3.From what I know of him he doesn’t play silly games.
4.From what I could gather, he was trying to raise money by organizing festivals.
5.Judging from what they have done these years, they are indeed “friends” with an honey tongue and a heart of gall.
6.I feel this is getting to be a distraction from what I really want to do.
7.By feeling we tell what is hard from what is soft.
8.We found the village very much changed from what it used to be.
9.I used to live in France; in fact, not far from where you're going.
10.Can you reach the light switch from where you're sitting?
11.Pick yourself up from where you fell — correct your mistake where you made it.
12.It can be difficult if the only disabled toilet is in the basement a long way from where the film is showing.
13.I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.
14.One of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived.
15.The car stopped short only a few inches from where I stand.
16.Pick yourself up from where you fell--correct your mistake where you made it.
17.She swept up a hat from where it had fallen on the ground, and plunked it on her hair.
18.Many people still remember the magic of Father Christmas from when they were children.
19.To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.
20.A good friend of mine from when I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.
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