Bill Mollison 在《Introduction to Permaculture》里的自序
我在塔斯馬尼亞的一個(gè)小村莊里長大。我們需要的一切都是我們自己做。我們做了我們自己的靴子，我們自己的金屬作品;我們自己養(yǎng)魚，自己種食物，做面包。我所知道的居住在這里的人幾乎沒有一個(gè)是只有一份工作的，哪怕其中任意一件事情你都可以把它定義為一個(gè)工作。可以說這里的每個(gè)人都是身兼幾職的。
Until I was about 28, I lived in a sort of dream. I spent most of my time in the bush or on the sea. I fished, Ihunted for my living. It wasn’t until the 1950s that I noticed large parts ofthe system in which I lived were disappearing. Fish stocks started to collapse.Seaweed around the shorelines had thinned out. Large patches of the forestbegan to die. I hadn’t realised until then that I had become very fond of them,that I was in love with my country.
直到我28歲左右，我還活在一種夢想般的搖籃之中。我在叢林中或在海上度過了我的大部分時(shí)間。釣魚和登山是我的生活方式。但直到20世紀(jì)50年代，我才開始注意到在我住的地方，大部分體系正在逐漸消失。魚類開始匱乏。周圍海岸線的海藻已經(jīng)變得稀薄了。森林開始大片大片的消亡。我直到那時(shí)才意識到，我已經(jīng)變得很喜歡他們了，關(guān)于那片我所愛的故土。
After many years as a scientistwith the CSIRO Wildlife Survey Section and with the Tasmanian Inland FisheriesDepartment, I began to protest against the political and industrial systems Isaw were killing us and the world around us. But I soon decided that it was nogood persisting with opposition that in the end achieved nothing. I withdrewfrom society for two years; I did not want to oppose anything ever again andwaste my time. I wanted to come back only with something very positive,something that would allow us all to exist without the wholesale collapse ofbiological systems.
作為一位科學(xué)家，經(jīng)過多年在CSIRO的野生動(dòng)物調(diào)查組的工作，以及與塔斯馬尼亞內(nèi)陸漁業(yè)部門合作的機(jī)會，我開始抗議政治和工業(yè)系統(tǒng)，我看到他們正在扼殺著我們及我們周邊的世界。但我卻很快就做出了一個(gè)判定，這樣做并不是可以長期持續(xù)的方式，反對到最后也是一事無成的。我從社會里退出了兩年，從此以后也不想再反對什么，這樣是在浪費(fèi)我的時(shí)間。我想回過頭來，讓事情只朝著正面的方向發(fā)展，讓我們能在滿足所需的前提下生存下去，同時(shí)又建立起一個(gè)不被崩潰的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
In 1968 I began teaching at the Universityof Tasmania, and in 1974, David Holmgren and I jointly evolved a framework fora sustainable agricultural system based on a multi-crop of perennial trees,shrubs, herbs (vegetables and weeds), fungi, and root systems, for which Icoined the word “permaculture”. We spent a lot of time working out theprinciples of permaculture and building a species-rich garden. This culminated,in 1978, in the publication of Permacultureone.
1968年我開始任教于塔斯馬尼亞大學(xué)，并于1974年，大衛(wèi)Holmgren和我共同發(fā)展了一個(gè)可持續(xù)的農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的模型，基于多樣性作物，如多年生的喬木，灌木，草本（蔬菜和雜草），真菌，及根系等共同維系的系統(tǒng)里，我創(chuàng)造了這個(gè)詞“樸門永續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)”。我們花了很長時(shí)間制定出樸門永續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)的原則，建設(shè)一個(gè)物種豐富的花園。隨著我們?nèi)諠u積累到1978年，我們出版了第一本書《樸門永續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)之一》。
Public reaction to permaculturewas mixed. The professional community was outraged, because we were combiningarchitecture with biology, agriculture with forestry, and forestry with animalhusbandry, so that almost everybody who considered themselves to be aspecialist felt a bit offended. But the popular response was very different.Many people had been thinking along the same lines. They were dissatisfied withagriculture as it is now practiced, and were looking towards more natural,ecological systems.
公眾對樸門永續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)的反應(yīng)是各不相同的。各方面的專家們感到非常憤怒，因?yàn)槲覀儗⒔ㄖW(xué)與生物學(xué)，農(nóng)業(yè)與林業(yè)，林業(yè)與畜牧業(yè)相結(jié)合的架構(gòu)，幾乎使每一個(gè)認(rèn)為自己是這方面專家的學(xué)者們覺得有點(diǎn)被冒犯。但大眾流行的反應(yīng)卻截然不同。許多人也一直沿著同樣的思路在思考。他們也不滿現(xiàn)行的農(nóng)業(yè)，因此也展望著更自然，更生態(tài)的系統(tǒng)。
As I saw permaculture in the1970s, it was a beneficial assembly of plants and animals in relation to humansettlements, mostly aimed towards household and community self-reliance, andperhaps as a “commercial endeavor” only arising from a surplus from thatsystem.
正如我看到永續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)在20世紀(jì)70年代的發(fā)展，它是有益于將植物、動(dòng)物與人類住區(qū)集合起來的共生系統(tǒng)，主要目的是為了使家庭和社區(qū)能夠自力更生，也許此時(shí)作為一種“商業(yè)行為”在該系統(tǒng)里，只是通過僅有的剩馀生產(chǎn)和價(jià)值來體現(xiàn)。
However, permaculture has come tomean more than just food-sufficiency in the household. Self-reliance in food ismeaningless unless people have access to land, information, and financialresources. So in recent years it has come to encompass appropriate legal andfinancial strategies, including strategies for land access, business structures,and regional self-financing. This way it is a whole human system.
然而，“樸門永續(xù)”如今已經(jīng)不僅僅意味著食物方面的自給自足了。若只是生產(chǎn)出自足的食品是沒有更多意義的，除非人們能夠獲得土地，信息和財(cái)政資源。因此近年來它已經(jīng)到了包括適當(dāng)?shù)姆珊拓?cái)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略，包括土地使用權(quán)，業(yè)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)和區(qū)域自負(fù)盈虧的策略。這樣的發(fā)展方式，是一個(gè)完整的人類系統(tǒng)。
By 1976, I was lecturing onpermaculture, and in 1979 I resigned from my teaching position and threw myselfat an advanced age into an uncertain future. I decided to do nothing else butto try to persuade people to build good biological systems. I designed quite afew properties, and existed for a while by catching fish and pulling potatoes.In 1981 the first graduates of a standard permaculture design course alsostarted to design permaculture systems in Australia.
到1976年，我開始樸門永續(xù)課程的講授，但于1979年，我辭退了教學(xué)職務(wù)，將自己投身于一個(gè)從先進(jìn)邁向不確定未來的時(shí)代。我決定什么都不要做，而是試圖說服人們建立良好的生物系統(tǒng)。在一段時(shí)間通過捕魚和拔土豆為生的生活里，我設(shè)計(jì)了很多具有可行性能和可生存發(fā)展的模式。在1981年，一個(gè)正式學(xué)習(xí)了樸門永續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)課程，并成為首屆畢業(yè)生的樸門設(shè)計(jì)師也開始在澳大利亞設(shè)計(jì)樸門永續(xù)系統(tǒng)。
Today there are over 300,000 suchgraduates throughout the world, all involved in some aspect of environmentaland social work.
如今，已有超過30萬這樣的畢業(yè)生遍布世界各地，他們已涉及環(huán)境和社會等各方面的工作。
Bill Mollison
比爾·莫利森
發(fā)布方：樸門設(shè)計(jì)師手冊
微信公眾號：permaculture_
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