一、命題揭秘
材料短文特點
(1)短文體裁：近三年都是記敘文。建議：備考練習(xí)不局限于此，應(yīng)各種體裁的文章都要練習(xí)。
(2)短文題材：生活經(jīng)歷或成語故事，其內(nèi)容或體現(xiàn)文化內(nèi)涵，或給人心靈以啟迪等。
(3)短文難度：沒有超出課標的生詞，但有課標單詞的派生詞。
(4)短文長度：170——200詞。
考試大綱說明
閱讀下面短文, 按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求, 在空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空, 并將答案填寫在答題卡標號為31~40的相應(yīng)位置上.
近四年廣東語法填空考點分布情況
知識點分布
動詞（含非謂語）
形容詞
連詞
介詞
代詞
冠詞
名詞
2009
3
0
1
2
2
1
1
2010
2
3
2
1
1
1
0
2011
2
2
2
1
2
1
0
2012
2
2
3
1
1
1
0
2009年語法填空
本文講敘Jane在圣誕節(jié)給父親選禮物，因往年送父親領(lǐng)帶不能使父親高興，滿以為這次買煙斗送父親會讓父親高興的，買回來后卻被告知父親戒煙了。
Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.
31. it。在賓語從句中作形式主語，真正的主語是to choose…。
32. to please。在形容詞后作狀語，只能用動詞不定式，且用主動形式表示被動含義。
Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.
Jane paused in front of a counter 35 some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk,” the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price.” But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
33. a。表示“一次”愉快的經(jīng)歷。
34. pushed。與stepped并列，也用一般過去時。
35. where。因兩句之間沒有連詞，必定是填連接性詞語；后句是定語從句，要填的詞在從句中作地點狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞where。
36. choice。在形容詞性物主代詞后一定是用名詞形式。
Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes 37 sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please 38 .
When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already 39 table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 40 (inform).
37. on。因表示“出售”的on sale是固定搭配。
38. him。給父親買禮物，根據(jù)常識應(yīng)是使父親高興，代替“父親”，作賓語用人稱代詞賓格。please him 使他高興。
39. at。名詞(table)在句中不作主語，也不作動詞的賓語，很可能就是作介詞的賓語；由having supper可知，填at；因為at table表示“在餐桌邊，在進餐”，也是習(xí)慣搭配。
40. was informed。因Jane與inform是被動關(guān)系，又是一般過去時,故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。
2008年語法填空
Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.
31. Behind。指“在中國的這些成語故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在……之后”，用介詞behind。
32. to help。因“幫助禾苗長”是“將禾苗拔高”的目的，作目的狀語，用動詞不定式。
It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help 33 rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.
One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.
33. his。由his crop, the crop可知，此處填限定詞；這個急性子人當然是急于使他自己的禾苗長得快，故填his。
34. it/this。代替前文中的(how) to help his crop grow up quickly。
35. that。引導(dǎo)同位語從句，說明idea的具體內(nèi)容，名詞性從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義已非常完整，故用that引導(dǎo)。
He was very tired 36 doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high).
His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.
36. after /from。因“他感到很累”應(yīng)是“在他做了一整天事之后”，表示“在……之后”，動名詞前面用介詞after；另外be tired from doing(因做某事而累)是固定搭配，故也可填from。
37. but。因very happy與前面的very tired是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而這兩句之間是逗號且沒有連詞，故填連詞but。
38. higher。指比他pluck up a few inches之前“長”得更高了，這是省略了than before的隱性的比較級。
This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention.
39. natural。在名詞course前作定語，要用形容詞。
40. results。此句Being too anxious to help an event develop是動名詞短語作主語，result應(yīng)是謂語動詞，應(yīng)當考慮的是它的時態(tài)；“急于求成，往往會事與愿違”是客觀真理，應(yīng)當用一般現(xiàn)在時；動名詞作主語，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填results。
2012年語法填空
Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, __16_( wear ) sun glasses. He walked in as if he __17___( buy ) the school , And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City .
16. wearing 17. had bought
For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt __18 _ ( please ), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in __19___last row.
18. pleased 19. the
_ 20__ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back ,he was wrong . It might have made it a little __21__( hard ) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ,but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary,_22_made her feel like a star .
20. If 21. harder 22.which
“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head.” Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher __23__ a few seconds and all the other students wondered __24__ the boy would do .Then he took __25_ off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool.'
23.for 24.what 25.them
16. wearing 17. had bought 18.pleased 19. the 20. If
21. harder 22.which 23.for 24.what 25.them
考點設(shè)置
就命題形式而言，純空格題設(shè)6—7個小題；用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空設(shè)3—4個小題。
特別說明：
各類從句的“引導(dǎo)詞”，如引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞、連接副詞、連詞(whether, if, that)，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞，以及連接并列句的并列連詞，都被稱為“連接詞”。
理由是：
1.從功能上講，都有連接句子與句子的作用；
2.從這類試題的解題方法上看，判斷的方式也是相同的。
我們就語法填空的復(fù)習(xí)重點和應(yīng)關(guān)注的冷點，歸納提示如下：
(1)近三年來，“純空格題”只考了冠詞、介詞、代詞和連接詞以及功能性結(jié)構(gòu)副詞等四類詞；“用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空”考了謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞的比較等級、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換等。
(2)介詞、連接詞、動詞每年都有兩道小題，由此可見，這是考查的重點，也是復(fù)習(xí)訓(xùn)練的重點。
(3)冠詞：在三年中有兩年都是考查不定冠詞的最基本的用法，表示“一個(次/本…)”，這無疑是復(fù)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練的重點，但也要關(guān)注不定冠詞的其他用法，同時注意定冠詞的基本用法。
(4)代詞：三年來主要考查了在句中作賓語的人稱代詞賓語、只能在名詞前作定語的形容詞性物主代詞、it的用法和不定代詞。備考中，除重點關(guān)注已考的熱點外，也不要忽視反身代詞和疑問代詞。
(5)連接詞：三年來考查了引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接代詞who、引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that、引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞where(三年考了兩年)、表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞but，這些仍是復(fù)習(xí)的重點；備考中，要訓(xùn)練名詞性從句：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句；狀語從句、定語從句的連接詞。
如何判斷名詞性從句？
規(guī)律：
可以從從句所處的位置判斷是主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句還是表語從句。
注意：名詞性從句中如果缺少主語、賓語 或 表語時常填 what; (whatever) ; who (whoever)
(6)動詞：時態(tài)重點考查一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時，也要留意一般將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時等各種時態(tài)。語態(tài)只考查了一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時的被動語態(tài)值得重視。
非謂語動詞重復(fù)考的是不定式作狀語，過去分詞、動詞-ing形式。
(7)詞類轉(zhuǎn)換：主要考查各類詞在句中的最基本用法：作主語和賓語用名詞，作定語、表語、補語用形容詞，做狀語要用副詞。懂得了這些基本用法之后，就是要掌握構(gòu)詞法的基本知識，將其合理轉(zhuǎn)換。
特別提醒：
(1)在純空格題中，沒有要求根據(jù)上下文填寫名詞、動詞、拼寫較長的形容詞和副詞。其原因有二：一是根據(jù)語境推測出要填哪一個名詞、動詞、形容詞或副詞，這正好是完形填空要考查的內(nèi)容，若在語法填空中考查，是越權(quán)，是多管閑事；二是“語法填空”顧名思義是考語法，而根據(jù)語境填這四類詞同語法規(guī)則關(guān)系不大，與“語法填空”名不符實。
不過，less, more, most，much, few，fewer, fewest等詞是可能在純空格類題中考查的，因為這涉及到語法——比較等級。so, therefore, however等詞雖然也是副詞但它們屬于功能結(jié)構(gòu)性副詞。
(2)倒裝句中的助動詞和強調(diào)謂語動詞的助動詞(do, does, did)，以及強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的it和that等都可能在純空格題中進行考查，這主要是考查對由“it is ….that…” 引出的幾種從句的的辨析能力；名詞的數(shù)或所有格（至今未考過）也可能在“用括號中詞語的正確形式填空”中進行考查，千萬不可忽視。
答案特點
(1)純空格題：試題要求中已明文規(guī)定“在空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~”，即一個小題或者一個空格只能填一個單詞。五年高考題的答案印證了這一點。
(2)用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空：試題中要求“使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空”，這個詞的“正確形式”，不可以出現(xiàn)所給詞以外的其它詞。究竟由幾個單詞組成？沒有規(guī)定，五年高考題的答案是填一個或兩個單詞。2009年有兩個小題需要填兩個單詞，一個是不定式，一個是被動語態(tài)。
(3)要求填的詞(即答案)都是一些拼寫簡單的單詞，平均每詞約4-6個字母。
(4)三年中有兩年各有一小題所填詞位于句首，此時第一個字母要注意大寫。
特別提醒
盡管近五年高考中“使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空”的答案只填一個或兩個單詞，但是我們在平時的訓(xùn)練中應(yīng)當不局限于此，要訓(xùn)練填一個、兩個或多個單詞的情況。非謂語動詞中，帶to的不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式都可能填兩個單詞；謂語動詞的將來時、進行時和完成時等也都可能填兩個單詞，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時等就可能填三個單詞，被動語態(tài)至少都要填兩個單詞。
二、解題揭秘
三個解題步驟
(1)通讀全文，了解大意。步驟：概讀理解 – 分析填空 – 連貫檢查
既然是利用語篇在語境中考語法，那么，我們在解題前，應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文，了解全文大意，這一步非常重要。
（2）分析思路
詞法——句法——篇章——慣用法
(3)試填空格，后難先易。
讀懂短文之后，要結(jié)合短文所提供的特定的語境(也就是上下文)，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性去分析思考空格所缺單詞的詞性，再根據(jù)句子的意義，以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定具體要填的單詞和所給詞的正確形式。具體方法，請看以下“解題思路大全”。
(4)重讀全文，解決難題。
在解題過程中要先易后難，難題在大部分空格填好后，再經(jīng)過仔細推敲，難題也就不會再難了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章從頭至尾復(fù)讀一遍。
（5）通讀全文,理解大意；檢查搭配, 前后連貫；根據(jù)篇章, 確定語義；分析句子,確定詞性；
語法填空的答題過程歸根到底其實就是尋找依據(jù)．每一個語法填空的空格里所需的單詞或短語其實都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依據(jù)。
解題思路大全
中文誤導(dǎo)錯常見，定勢思維分要減。
插入成分要分清，句型信息更關(guān)鍵。
妙訣贈君記心間，是否有效靠多練。
題型分析過了關(guān)，百三百四只等閑。
三、答題思路
(1)純空格試題。
首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定填哪類詞。然后，根據(jù)句子的意思，確定具體填什么詞；根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個連詞。
我們知道，語法填空空格在形式上主要有二種類型：
(1)純空格題（無提示詞）：通?？肌谠~、代詞(形容詞性物主代詞、人稱代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞 )、介詞、和連詞、從句引導(dǎo)詞。
(2)用括號中所給詞填空：通?？肌^語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致、.非謂語動詞、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換等。
兩個分句結(jié)構(gòu)連接,考查語法點: 各類復(fù)合句中連詞,引導(dǎo)詞的用法
1.…The exam, ________was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(08廣州二模)
2…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away ________there was a garage. (2007廣東高考)
3. It is such an important issue ______ we couldn’t afford to ignore. (08仲元）
4. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of ________ are healthy.
（08茂名二模）
which where as whom
四、具體分析方法
（一）純空格題
1、缺主語或賓語，一定是填代詞或名詞(多考代詞)。
[例1] I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and __38_ gets there almost in a second. (茂名一模)
解析：and連接前后兩個句子，and后面的句子缺主語，應(yīng)填名詞或代詞；結(jié)合前一分句，不難推知，“馬上可到達那里”的是the message，替代the message用代詞it。
2、名詞前是空格，若該名詞前沒有限定詞，很可能是填冠詞his, their等形容詞性物主代詞，或some, any, other(s), another等限定詞。
[例2] It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help __33 rice crop grow up quickly. (2008年廣東高考)
解析：名詞rice crop前還沒有限定詞，應(yīng)當填限定詞；根據(jù)句意，這個急性子人當然是急于使“他的”禾苗長得快，故填形容詞性物主代詞his。
[例3] …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to__35_small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. (2007年廣東高考)
解析：因單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞town前還沒有限定詞，應(yīng)填限定詞；根據(jù)句意，是指將車拉到離那里大約有20公里遠的一個小鎮(zhèn)上去修理，表示“一個”，用不定冠詞，故填a。
3、名詞或代詞前面是空格，而該名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語，也不作動詞的賓語時，很可能是填介詞。
[例4] The little boy pulled [33]________ right hand out of the pocket … （his）
[例5] … who should have the honour of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. (2007年廣東高考)
解析：因a guest在句中不作主語、表語、動詞的賓語，前面一定是填介詞，使其成為該介詞的賓語；又由句意可知，他們“把我當作客人”來接待，表示“當作”，用介詞as。
4、若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，可能是填連詞。
[例6] …two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 34 Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.
解析：因與Pablo Picasso (畢加索)與Candido Portinari (坎迪多·波爾蒂納里)這兩個名詞之間沒有連詞，一定是填連詞；兩者是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)填and。
[例7] …all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me 36 almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模)
解析：因melted me和gave me兩個動賓短語之間沒有連詞，一定是填連詞；兩者是并列關(guān)系，故填and。
5、若兩句(一個主謂關(guān)系算一個句子)之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填連接詞。
[例8] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days 32 I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008年廣州一模)
解析：因I wanted to…是一個句子，I was to return…也是一個句子，這兩個句子之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意和兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，可知“參觀這個城市的盡可能多的地方”應(yīng)是在“返回廣州”之前，故填before。
[例9] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy… (2008年廣東高考)
解析：因He was very tired…是一個句子，he felt very happy…也是一個句子，這兩個句子之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意和兩句之間邏輯關(guān)系，可知“干了一整天活累極了”與“感到非常高興”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。
6、若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原形，特別是與上下文時態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時，很可能是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞(do, does, did等)。
[例10 What is acceptable in one country 31 be considered extremely rude in another. (珠三角五校聯(lián)考)
解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主語從句，空格后的be considered是謂語；因其中的be是原形，故空格處必定是填情態(tài)動詞或助動詞does(由語境可知是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是第三人稱單數(shù))；由句意及作者的語氣可知，需填表示“可能”的情態(tài)動詞may。
[例11] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ________ bring home a regular salary.
解析：這是一個由but連接的并列句，由前一分句的謂語動詞had是一般過去時可知，后一分句的謂語動詞bring也應(yīng)用一般過去時；可是，bring卻用的是原形，既與語境的時態(tài)不符，也與主語he不一致，該句不是倒裝句，因此，此處必定是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)的助動詞did；由句意和作者的語氣推測，應(yīng)當填對謂語動詞表示強調(diào)的助動詞did(的確)。
7、若缺狀語，一定是填副詞(在純空中考的可能性不大)。（例句略）
8、由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。
(1)由it is…that…強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式，判斷填it還是that。
[例12] …and 40 was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (廣州一模)
解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為強調(diào)句，應(yīng)填it。
(2)由倒裝句式判斷，是填構(gòu)成倒裝的條件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，還是填do, does, did等。
[例13] _______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.
解析：由can you expect to…可知，這是倒裝句，根據(jù)構(gòu)成倒裝的條件可知，應(yīng)填副詞only，因為“only +狀語(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒裝。
(3)由it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷，空格處是否填it。如：
[例14] …as 32 took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists… (2008年佛山二模)
解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主語，空格處填形式主語it。
[例15] Dating sites also make 36 easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008年惠州二模)
解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，to avoid…是真正的賓語，easy是賓補，空格處應(yīng)填作形式賓語的it。
(4)so /such…that…句型。如：
[例16] This made the goat so jealous___34___it began plotting against (謀劃對付) the donkey. (2007年惠州二模)
解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是so…that…句型，應(yīng)填that。
(5)more…than… (與其說……不如說……，比……更……)句型。
[例17] Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares 40 how much he pays. (深圳寶安期末)
解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是more…than…句型，故填that。句意是與經(jīng)理所給的報酬相比，雇員更銘記于心的是他的關(guān)心。
(二)給出了動詞的試題。
1、動詞不在主語或賓語的位置
首先，判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。然后按以下兩點進行思考。
若句中沒有別的謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，就要考慮時態(tài)語態(tài)。
[例18] His fear of failure ____36____(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (2008年深圳一模)
解析：因主語His fear of failure后沒有別的謂語動詞，需填的動詞應(yīng)為謂語動詞；因主語與keep是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用主動語態(tài)；由從句謂語動詞played可知，要用一般過去時，故填kept。
[例19] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 40 (close) my book and walked away. (2008年廣州一模)
解析：雖然句中已有謂語動詞declined，但由and walked可知，所填詞與declined和walked是并列關(guān)系，所以也用一般過去式closed。
[例20] In Logan, three people __38__ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (梅州二模)
解析：因主語three people與take是被動關(guān)系，即三個人被送進醫(yī)院，故用被動語態(tài)；由were treated可知，要用一般過去時，故填were taken。
若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用—ing形式、—ed形式，還是用不定式形式，確定的方法主要有：
2、作主語或賓語，通常用—ing形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。
[例21] …but it is not enough only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (佛山一模)
解析：因it是形式主語，后面用不定式作真正的主語，故填to memorize。
[例20] _______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…
解析：句中已有謂語won’t make，所以speak應(yīng)為非謂語動詞；謂語前面應(yīng)為主語，作主語，表示一般情況，要用動名詞短語，故填Speaking。
3、作目的狀語或者在形容詞后作狀語，一般用不定式。如：
[例22] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
解析：因句中已有謂語will have to work，所以complete應(yīng)為非謂語動詞；因“(為了)按計劃完成這項工程”是“我們每天不得不額外多工作兩小時”的目的，作目的狀語，用動詞不定式，故填To complete。
[例23] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33 (succeed). (2008年佛山一模)
解析：因在形容詞likely后作狀語，要用動詞不定式，故填to succeed。
4、作伴隨狀語，常用分詞，與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。這樣的題一般要特別注意空格前的逗號。
[例24] He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008年東莞一模)
解析：句中已有謂語saw，所給動詞與saw不是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)當是非謂語動詞；又因He與say是主動關(guān)系，故填saying作伴隨狀語。
[例25] The headmaster went into the lab, ________ (follow) by the foreign guests.
解析：句中已有謂語went，而follow又不是與之并列的，故為非謂語動詞；又因the headmaster與follow是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作伴隨狀語。
5、不論非謂語動詞在句中作何種成分，若判斷需要用分詞，與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系用—ing形式，是被動關(guān)系用—ed形式。
[例26] There will be a meeting, __40__ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008年廣州二模)
解析：因a meeting與start是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，補充說明a meeting，故填starting。
[例27] Lessons 39 (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (廣東考試說明)
解析：因句中已有謂語can help，所以learn應(yīng)為非謂語動詞；又因lesson與learn是被動關(guān)系，要用過去分詞短語作定語，故填learned。
特別提醒
有時給出的動詞可能既不是謂語動詞也不是非謂語動詞，而是要求詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。如：
[例28] But Jane knew from past experience that her ___36___ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (2009年廣東)
分析：括號中所給詞choose雖然是動詞，但在句中作主語，且在形容詞性物主代詞后，應(yīng)當填choose的名詞形式choice。
(三)詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題
根據(jù)該詞在句子所作句子成分確定用哪種形式。
①作表語、定語或補語，通常用形容詞形式。如：
[例29] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.
解析：因在系動詞felt后作表語，用形容詞，故填silent。
[例30] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…
解析：在冠詞與名詞之間，要用形容詞，作定語，故填dangerous。
[例31] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject.
解析：因所填詞在句中作賓語most of their students的補足語，用形容詞；表示“感興趣”，填interested。
②作主語，或在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式。
[例30] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
解析：在時間狀語從句中，要求填的詞作主語，China’s ancient scientific and technological是主語的定語；作主語要用名詞，又由are可知，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，故填achievements。
[例31] These people have made great __39 (contribute) to China with their work. (茂名二模)
解析：在句中作及物動詞have made的賓語，要用名詞形式；表示作貢獻，其前面沒有不定冠詞時，習(xí)慣上用復(fù)數(shù)，故填contributions。
③在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在“冠詞(+形容詞)”后，用名詞形式。如：
[例32] …the remains date from this period because of their __38__ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年廣州二模)
解析：在形容詞性物代詞(their)后應(yīng)當用名詞，故填similarities。
[例33] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.
解析：在冠詞后，要用名詞，故填operation。
④修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。如：
[例34] As I looked 32 (close) at this girl, I fount that… (2008年深圳一模)
解析：修飾動詞looked，作狀語，用副詞，故填closely。
[例35] There must be something 40 (serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末)
解析：要求填的詞修飾形容詞wrong，作狀語，用副詞，故填seriously。
[例36] Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time… (2008年惠州三模)
解析：修飾because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，修飾整個句子，作狀語，用副詞，故填mainly。
⑤有可能是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞類不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un—, im—等，在詞根后加—less等。如：
[例37] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use).
解析：作表語要用形容詞；又由句意可知，作者是表達“沒有什么知識是無用的”，故填useless。
[例38] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.
解析：在名詞前作定語，仍用形容詞形式；但根據(jù)句意，“錯誤引起了許多不必要的麻煩事”，故填unnecessary。
⑥括號中所給詞為動詞時，也不一定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動詞，而是考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能是考查其比較等級。
[例39] …there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist 34 (attract)… (2008年廣州一模)
解析：盡管attract是動詞，但這是考查詞類轉(zhuǎn)換的；在句中作介詞about的賓語，用名詞，故填attractions。
[例40] The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even __36_ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末)
解析：聯(lián)系前句，又有even(更加)的提示，可知這里用比較級，故填harder。
四、點睛技巧
語法填空要求考生閱讀一篇短文，然后按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求完成10道語法填空題。做題要求：一是在空格處填入適當?shù)脑~；二是使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。
1．語法填空的考查范圍
(1)語境測試(上下文)；
(2)語法測試：動詞、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、固定搭配、情態(tài)動詞、復(fù)合句、形容詞和副詞的比較級與最高級及構(gòu)詞法、倒裝等。
①動詞：時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、非謂語動詞等；
②引導(dǎo)詞：一些從句的使用， 如定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句等；
③形容詞、副詞、名詞、動詞之間的詞型、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換， 形容詞與副詞的比較級、最高級等；
④介詞：一些常用介詞的基本用法、介詞短語的用法；
⑤名詞、冠詞：注意名詞的單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)、不可數(shù)以及冠詞的特殊性用法；
⑥代詞：注意代詞所指代的對象和前后對應(yīng)的關(guān)系；
⑦并列詞：and, so, or, otherwise等表示并列、對比的詞，以及表示承接、轉(zhuǎn)折的副詞therefore, however的用法；
⑧句型：要求歸納整理， 并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型， 如： not...until...; not only...but (also)．..; so...that...; not...but...; as...as...; either...or...；more...than...; neither...nor...；such...that...；hardly...when...; no sooner...than...等。
2．語法填空的能力要求
(1)閱讀/理解語篇的能力；
(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力；
(3)熟練運用語法的能力；
(4)單詞拼寫能力。
3. 態(tài)度要求
· 不斷記憶，積累詞匯
· 夯實基礎(chǔ)，學(xué)好語法
· 大聲朗讀，培養(yǎng)語感
· 堅持不懈，多做練習(xí)
專題一 記敘文型語法填空
專題導(dǎo)讀
記敘文體裁主要是記人、敘事、寫景、狀物一類的文章，是常見的文體。在語法填空篇章中，其語言特點有：
1．以一般過去時為主，其他時態(tài)為輔。合理使用豐富多彩的謂語動詞時態(tài)，使文章所敘述的動作具有層次感和立體感。
2．廣泛使用動態(tài)動詞。這些動詞的存在會使文章充滿“動感”，而這種讓往事歷歷在目的“動感”正是優(yōu)秀的記敘文所要追求的效果。
[2011·廣東卷]
One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment __1__ (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me __2__ the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man __3__ (sit) at the front. He__4__ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be__5__ (mental) disabled.
Behind him were other people to__6__he was trying to talk, but after some minutes__7__ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.
I didn't want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn't like leaving him__8__ his own either.
After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had__9__ amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.
I'm glad I made the choice. It made__10__ of us feel good.
1．____ 2.____ 3._____4.______
5．____6._____ 7.______ 8._____9．________ 10.________
【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了“我”的一次坐車經(jīng)歷：在公交車上遇到一個好像是弱智的人，其他人都躲開了，而“我”走近了他，和他聊起來，一路上“我”倆都很高興。
1．later 考查副詞的用法。我離開得較早因為那天晚些時候我有個約會。
2．till/until 考查狀語從句的連接詞。我的朋友一直陪我直到公共汽車來。
3．sitting/sit 考查動詞的用法。notice sb doing/do sth.意為“注意到某人正在做某事/做了某事”。
4．was pretending 考查動詞的時態(tài)。由giving it a voice可知用過去進行時。
5．mentally 考查副詞的用法。此處disabled是形容詞，用副詞修飾。
6．whom 考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處he was trying to talk to 是定語從句，people是先行詞，whom作介詞to的賓語。
7．they 考查代詞的用法。他們走開然后坐在我的旁邊。
8．on 考查詞組的用法。此處考查詞組on one’s own (＝alone)。
9．a(chǎn)n 考查冠詞的用法。amazing是以元音音素開頭，故用an。
10．both 考查代詞的用法。由上文 We had … amazing conversation可知“我們倆”都很高興。
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