在高考單項填空試題的選項中,it是出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞匯之一。下面針對近十年高考中涉及到it的題目進(jìn)行分類解析:
一、 作為正確項的it
1. I like ________ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004, 全國卷I)
A. this B. that C. it D. one
2. I hate ________ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET 1998)
A. it B. that C. these D. them
【解析】 在I like / love / hate it when...這個結(jié)構(gòu)中,it 是形式賓語,真正的賓語是when從句所描述的某種情形。句意分別是:1. 我喜歡秋天晴朗的天氣。2. 我討厭人們一邊吃飯一邊說話。又如:I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. 有時非得用法語去打電話,我真感到討厭。值得注意的是,這種情況與我們所熟悉的it 作形式賓語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是不同的,因為在它之后沒有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語。如: I thought it strange that she hadn’t written. 她沒有寫信,我感到很奇怪。
3. The Foreign Minister said, “________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004, 北京卷)
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
4. ________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
【解析】 it作形式主語, that從句作真正主語,常見的句型有:
?、?It + be + 形容詞(obvious, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.) + that從句
?、?It + be + 名詞詞組(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+ that從句
③ It + be + 過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.) + that從句
5. —Do you like ________ here?
—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004, 全國卷 II)
A. thisB. theseC. thatD. it
【解析】 it可以指代“未指明,但談話雙方心里都明白的那件事或那種情況”, 在本題情景中it指“這兒的情況(the situation here)”。 又如: I can’t stand it (= this situation) any longer!我再也不能忍受這種情況了!How’s it (= your life, work, etc.) going? 近況如何? The worst of it is that we’ll have to get the repairs done again. 最糟糕的是我們還得再次修理。If it’s convenient I can see you tomorrow. 要是方便的話,我明天可以見你。
6. The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in. (NMET 2001)
A. they B. it C. one D. which
【解析】 it可以指“已知的或暗含的事實或情況”,在此指“買房之后的情況”。又如:She was frightened, but tried not to show it. 她非?？謶?但竭力沒有表現(xiàn)出來。
7. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, ________? (2004, 上海卷)
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he
【解析】 答案為A。it指代Bill’s aim。
二、 作為干擾項的it
(一) it對替代詞one的干擾
8. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ________ from some wood we had. (2004全國卷III)
A. it B. one C. himself D. another
9. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure. (NMET 2002)
A. that B. one C. it D. what
【解析】 第8、9題都選B。第8題中的one指代“a new cupboard”。第9題里的one(= a moment)作an unforgettable moment的同位語,它的后面是一個省略了that的定語從句。對比下句中it的用法:Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, and I will always treasure it (=the unforgettable moment).
10. —Why don’t we take a little break?
—Didn’t we just have ________? (NMET 2000)
A. it B. that C. one D. this
11. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ________. (NMET 1995)
A. it B. those C. them D. one
【解析】第10、11題分別選C和D。替代詞one和人稱代詞it極易混淆,其不同之處在于:one替代的是一個用不定冠詞限定的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(如:a cupboard, a break),而it不能用作替代詞,它指代的是確定的、具體的某事物。比較下面句子中的one和it:
Your story is very interesting, but I don’t like it (=your story). 你的故事很有意思,但我不喜歡它。
This story is an interesting one(=story).這是一個有趣的故事。
She has no watch, so I want to buy one (=a watch) for her. 她沒有手表,所以我想給她買一塊(手表)。
There is only one watch of the type in the shop, so I want to buy it (=the only watch) for her. 這款手表商店只有一塊,所以我想把它買給她。
(二) it對關(guān)系代詞as的干擾
12. ________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004北京卷)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
13. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (NMET 2001)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
【解析】第12、13題的答案都是B。這兩道題中的as引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,指代整個主句的內(nèi)容。將第12、13題的題干分別改寫成下面兩句,試比較it用作形式主語的用法:
It is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.
It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
這種用法的as多見于這些習(xí)慣用語中:as anybody can see;as is well known;as we had expected;as often happens; as has been said before;as is mentioned above等。
(三) it對關(guān)系代詞which的干擾
14. Carol said the work would be done by October, ________ personally I doubt very much. (NMET 1999)
A. it B. that C. when D. which
【解析】 此題選D。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,代指主句的整個內(nèi)容。對比it的用法:Carol said the work would be done by October, but personally I doubt it very much.
(四) it對其他代詞的干擾
15. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately ________ couldn’t spare me even one minute. (2004重慶卷)
A. they B. one C. who D. it
【解析】 此題選A,they泛指“我”的朋友。
16. —There’s coffee and tea; you can have ________.
—Thanks. (NMET 2003)
A. either B. each C. one D. it
【解析】 此題選A。either指兩者之中的任何一個,這里相當(dāng)于說:You can have either coffee or tea.
17. It is the ability to do the job ________ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET 2000)
A. one B. that C. what D. it
【解析】 此題選B,that是強調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)詞。
18. Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business better than they knew it ________ . (NMET 1996)
A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself
【解析】 此題選A。句意:湯姆認(rèn)為,他對大家事情的了解勝過他們對自己事情的了解。
來源：ketty的博客http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_53fb9a3e0100g1hw.html
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