七年級英語語法上冊下冊總結(jié)：名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1）child---children mouse---micefoot---feet tooth---teeth goose---geese ox---oxen man---men woman---women 2）單復(fù)同形如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ）一、七年級英語語法——詞法1、名詞A）、名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans,Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch,s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches,wishes, faxes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families,duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys,key-keys, ways四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives,half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish,sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese,Japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞十一） 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs,SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice,policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’; Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)三）由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞人稱 主格賓格 形容詞 名詞性第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself復(fù)數(shù) we us ourours ourselves第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself復(fù)數(shù) you youyour yours yourselves第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself復(fù)數(shù) they themtheir theirs these those themselves3、動(dòng)詞A）第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks,sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh, ch,s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries,try-tries2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is,have-has4、形容詞的級我們在對兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下：一） 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger-largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母＋1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happierhappiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendlymost friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))good/well - better best many/much - moremost bad/ill – worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elderoldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞(基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first,second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth,hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth介詞1. 表示地點(diǎn)： after,along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under等。如：Near thevillage the boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子們正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。They laydown under the shade of a tree. 他們躺在一棵樹的樹陰下。2. 表示時(shí)間： about, after, across, at,during, for, in, of, till, until等。如：After classhe will tell us about the accident. 課后他將告訴我們有關(guān)事故的情況。A heavy rainhas been falling across three days. 一場大雨下了整整三天。The accidenthappened during the night. 事故發(fā)生在夜間。3. 表示動(dòng)作： at, across, around, on, over,under等。如：The earthgoes around the sun. 地球繞太陽運(yùn)行。The car isunder repair. 汽車在修理中。4. 表示比較： as, like, above, over, with等。如：She wassomething like her sister. 她有幾份像她的妹妹。Chinese ismuch more difficult in contrast with English. 和英語相比，漢語難得多。5. 表示原因： about, for, from, with等。如：Don't worryabout my lessons. 不要擔(dān)心我的功課。Businesskept me from coming. 我因事不能來。He was angrywith what I did. 他對我所做的很氣憤。6. 表示條件： to, with, without等。如：Without youradvice, he would have failed. 沒有你的忠告他可能已經(jīng)失敗了。7. 表示手段、方式： as, by, in, with等。如：He behavedas a drunkard. 他的舉止如同醉漢一樣。Learn thenew words by heart.記住這些生詞。We see withour eyes.我們用眼睛看。8. 表示距離、數(shù)量： from, in, within等。如：My house isten miles from the school. 我家離學(xué)校十英里。They werethirty in all. 他們總共有三十人。9. 表示目的： as, for等。如：I only saidit as a joke. 我只是把它當(dāng)作笑話講的。It's timefor class. 到上課的時(shí)間了。10. 表示讓步： for, with等。如：For all hiseffort, he didn't succeed. 雖然他做了一番努力，仍不能成功。With all hismoney, he is unhappy. 盡管他有錢，但他并不快樂。for還可以引導(dǎo)插入語，例如：I, for one,shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反對這個(gè)提議。二、七年級英語語法——句式1.陳述句肯定陳述句 a) Thisis a book. (be動(dòng)詞)b) He looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞)c) I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句 a) Thesearen’t theirbooks. b) They don’t look nice.c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.d) Kate can’t find her doll.e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cathere.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.3. 疑問句1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes,he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No,he isn’t. b) No, youcan’t. c) No, shedoesn’t. d) No,they don’t. e) No, sheisn’t.2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3) 特殊疑問句① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address iscindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? Atfive o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s mybackpack? It’s under thetable.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencilcase.What else can you see in the picture? I cansee some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’sBen.What’s your family name? My family name’sSmith.12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 問電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phonenumber? It’s 576-8349.16 問謂語(動(dòng)作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.17 問職業(yè)(身份) What doyou do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.冠詞不定冠詞有"a和an"兩種形式。"a"用在以輔音開頭的詞前，"an"用在以元音開頭的詞前。判斷一個(gè)詞是以元音開頭還是以輔音開頭，是根據(jù)讀音而不是根據(jù)字母。 1. 用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，表示"一"There is a tiger in thezoo.動(dòng)物園里有一只老虎。2. 表示一類人和東西A tiger can be dangerous.老虎可能有危害性。3. 表示"某一個(gè)"的意思A gentleman wants to seeyou.有一位先生要見你。4. 表示"同一"的意思They are nearly of an age.他們幾乎同歲。The two shirts are much ofa size.這兩件襯衫大小差不多。5. 表示"每一"的意思We go swimming four times aweek.我們每周去游泳四次。6. 用在作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示身份、職業(yè)My mother is a teacher.我媽媽是教師。7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特別指明是哪一個(gè)Long long ago there was anold king who had a very beautiful daughter.很久很久以前，有一個(gè)年老的國王，他有一個(gè)非常美麗的女兒。8. 在英國英語中，以"h"開頭的多音節(jié)詞，如第一個(gè)音節(jié)不重讀，其前亦可用"an"There is an hotel nearhere.這附近有一家旅館。9. 在such a，quite a句式中He is quite a good actor.他是一個(gè)相當(dāng)好的演員。Don't be in such a hurry.不要如此匆忙。10. 在感嘆句 what...的句式中What a pretty girl she is!她是一個(gè)多么漂亮的女孩呀！不定冠詞的用法-2用在某些表示數(shù)量的詞組中：a lot of 許多a couple of 一對a great many 很多a dozen 一打（但也可以用 one dozen）a great deal of 大量定冠詞的用法-11. 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物This is the house whereLuxun once lived.這是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的房子。2. 用于指談話雙方都明確所指的人或事物Open the door, please.請把門打開。3. 用以復(fù)述上文提過的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”）Once there lived a lion inthe forest. Every day the lion asked small animals tolook for food for him.從前森林里住著一只獅子。每天這只獅子要小動(dòng)物們?yōu)樗麑ふ沂澄铩?div style="height:15px;">
4. 用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前January is the first month of the year.一月份是一年當(dāng)中的第一個(gè)月。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中國最大的城市。5. 表示世界上宇宙中獨(dú)一無二的事物the sun 太陽 the moon 月亮the earth 地球 the sky 天空the world 世界6. 指由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 長城the United States 美國 the United Nations 聯(lián)合國定冠詞的用法-27. 表示方向、方位in the east 在東方 in the west 在西方in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在頂部on the right 在右邊 on the left 在左邊8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脈、海峽、海灣等地理名詞前the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黃河the Tainshan Mountains 天山山脈 the Taiwan Straits 臺(tái)灣海峽9. 在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表示一家人The Bakers came to see meyesterday.貝克一家人昨天來看我。10. 和某些形容詞連用，使形容詞名詞化，代表一類人或物the poor 窮人 the rich 富人the sick 病人 the wounded 傷員the good 好人 the beautiful 美麗的事物11. 用在表示階級、政黨的名詞前the working class 工人階級the Chinese Communist Party中國共產(chǎn)黨12. 用在the very強(qiáng)調(diào)句中This is the very book Iwant.這就是我想要的那本書。13. 在the more, the more比較級的句式中The more you drink, themore you like it.你越喝就越愛喝。14. 表示演奏樂器時(shí)，樂器的前面要加theplay the piano 彈鋼琴play the violin 拉小提琴15. 某些固定的表達(dá)法in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看電影go to the theatre 去看戲 all the year round 一年到頭on the way to 前往...去的路上16. the加單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞可以表示一類人或事物The horse is a usefulanimal.馬是一種有用的動(dòng)物。注意：像這類句子還有如下兩種寫法A horse is a useful animal.Horses are useful animals.零冠詞的用法1. 專有名詞前一般不加冠詞China 中國 Europe 歐洲Lei Feng 雷鋒 William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亞2. 月份、周日、節(jié)日前一般不加冠詞January 一月份 Sunday 星期日Christmas Day 圣誕節(jié) Thanksgiving 感恩節(jié)National Day 國慶節(jié) May Day 勞動(dòng)節(jié)比較： ...on a Sundaymorning.在一個(gè)星期天的早晨... （表示某一個(gè)。）3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠詞I have lunch at school.我在學(xué)校吃午餐。Summer is the best seasonfor swimming.夏天是游泳的好季節(jié)。比較： I had abig lunch yesterday.昨天我吃了一頓豐盛的午餐。（表示某一個(gè)）The dinner given by MrSmith was very nice.史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。（表示特指）比較： I willnever forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們一起在夏威夷度過的那個(gè)夏天。（表示特指）4. 進(jìn)行球類運(yùn)動(dòng)play basketball 打籃球 play volleyball 打排球play football 踢足球5. 沒有特指的物質(zhì)名詞This cart is made of wood.這輛手推車是用木頭作的。比較： The woodoutside was all wet.外面的那些木頭都濕了。（表示特指）6. 沒有特指的不可數(shù)抽象名詞Time is precious.時(shí)間是寶貴的。比較： The timeof the play was 1990s.這個(gè)劇本的時(shí)代背景是二十世紀(jì)九十年代。（表示特指）7. 沒有特指的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式后。I like tomatoes.我喜歡西紅柿。8. 山峰Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗瑪峰9. 固定詞組go to school 去上學(xué) go to bed 上床睡覺go by train 乘火車去 go by boat 乘船去at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院at school 求學(xué) in school 求學(xué)at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上at midnight 在半夜 in town 在城里10. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞不加冠詞A boy came in, book inhand.一個(gè)男孩進(jìn)來，手上拿著書。11. 泛指人類Man is mortal.人必有一死。12. 在"kind of＋名詞 sort of＋名詞"句式中What kind of flower is it?這是什么花？I like this sort of book.我喜歡這種書。13. 指職位、頭銜的詞，如king，captain，president，chairman 等。He is (the) captain of theteam.他是球隊(duì)的隊(duì)長。As (the) chairman of thecommittee, I declare the meeting open.作為委員會(huì)主席，我宣布會(huì)議開始。冠詞和三餐的搭配三餐名詞單獨(dú)使用時(shí)，之前通常不加冠詞三餐名詞之前若加形容詞時(shí)則除外：We have breakfast at eight．我們8點(diǎn)鐘吃早飯。He gave us a good breakfast．他請我們吃了一頓豐盛的早餐。I was invited to dinner．他們邀請我吃飯。I was invited to a dinnergiven to welcome the new ambassador．我被邀請參加歡迎新任大使的宴會(huì)。The Scots have porridge forbreakfast．蘇格蘭人早餐吃粥。The wedding breakfast washeld in her father’s house．婚禮早宴是在她父親家舉行的。固定搭配一.at table 在進(jìn)餐at the table 在桌子旁邊at desk 在讀書at the desk 在課桌旁at school 在上學(xué)at the school 在學(xué)校里in class 在上課in the class 在班級里面in bed 臥床in the bed 在床上in prison 坐牢in the prison （因事）在監(jiān)獄in hospital 住院in the hospital （因事）在醫(yī)院go to school 去上學(xué)go to the school （因事）去學(xué)校go to bed 上床睡覺go to the bed 在床上go to hospital 去看病go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院二.take place 發(fā)生take the place 代替in place of 代替in the place of 在...的地方in case of 萬一in the case of 就...來說out of question 毫無疑問out of the question 完全不可能通常使用不定冠詞的短語after a while 過了一會(huì)兒all of a sudden 突然as a rule 通常as a result 結(jié)果，因此as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上as a whole 大體上at a loss 不知所措in a hurry 急忙in a way 在某種程度上in a word 總而言之It’s a pity that… 令人遺憾的是…put an end to… 結(jié)束…come to an end 結(jié)束come to a conclusion 得出結(jié)論have a good time 玩得愉快have a rest 休息一下have a cold 感冒have a word with 和…談一談keep an eye for 對…有鑒賞力make a living 謀生make a fire 生火make a fool of 愚弄take a walk 散步初中英語冠詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)選擇題精選1. I read ______story. It is______interesting story. A. a, an B. a, a C. the, theD. /, an2. Britain is __ European country and Chinais ___ Asian country. A. an, anB. a, a C. a, an D. an, a3. ______China is _____ old country with_____ long history. A. The, an, a B.The, a, a C. /, an, the D. /, an, a4. _____elephant is bigger than ______horse. A. /, /B. an, a C. An, a D. /, the5. We always have ______rice for______lunch. A./, / B. the, / C. /, a D. the, the6. It took me ______ hour and _____ half tofinish ______ work. A. a, a, a B.an, a, a C. an, a, the D. an, a, /7. ______ doctor told me to take ______medicine three times______day, stay in _____bed, then I would be better soon. A. /, a, a, the B. A, the, the, / C. The,the, a, / D. A, /, a, /8. There is ____ picture on ____ wall. Ilike ____ picture very much.A. a, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, a D.a, an, the9. January is ______first month of theyear. A. a B. / C. an D. the10. Shut _____door, please. A. aB. an C. the D./11. Einstein won _____ Nobel Prize inPhysics in 1921. A. aB. an C. the D. /12. What ____ fine day it is today! Let'sgo to the Summer Palace. A. aB. an C. the D. /13. I like music, but I don't like ____music of that TV play. A.a B. an C. the D. /14. ____ girl over there is ____ Englishteacher. A. The,an B. A, / C. The, / D. A, a15. It's ____ exciting way to shop on theNet. A. a B.an C. the D. /16. She was ___ founder of ___ order ofnuns called the Missionaries of Charity.A. a, an B. a, / C. the, / D. the, an17. Xi'an is ___ old city with ___ longhistory, isn't it? A.a, an B. an, a C. the, the D. the, a18. Nancy's sister is ____ English teacher,isn't she? A. a B.an C. the D. /19. Chaffs is______ boy, but he can play theguitar very well.A. an eight-years old B. aeight-year-old C. a eight-years-old D. an eight-year-old20. We often have sports after class, and Ilike to play _____ basketball. A.a B. an C. the D. /七年級英語時(shí)態(tài)匯總一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)【用 法】(1)在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與以下時(shí)間狀語聯(lián)用：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month, once aweek, on Sundays ……例句：He usually plays football on Sundays.(2)沒有時(shí)間狀語，可以分以下四種類型：A．be型這一類型由be動(dòng)詞+名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或介詞短語等一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示主語的個(gè)性、特征或狀態(tài)。如：①I am a student.(主語+be動(dòng)詞+名詞)②They are hungry.（主語+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞）③He is out.(主語+be動(dòng)詞+副詞)④That pen is mine.(主語+be動(dòng)詞+代詞)⑤I am fifteen.(主語+be動(dòng)詞+數(shù)詞)⑥The bike is under the tree.(主語+be動(dòng)詞+介詞短語)B．do型do型由行為動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語，表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，其構(gòu)成為“主語+動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式”。如：①I knowit. ②He believes me.C．there be型there be型句子表示“某地存在…”，其構(gòu)成為“there be+主語+其他”，表示客觀事實(shí)。用法遵循“就近原則”，即主語是單數(shù)或并列主語中的第一個(gè)主語是單數(shù)，則用thereis；主語是復(fù)數(shù)或并列主語中的第一個(gè)主語是復(fù)數(shù)，則用thereare。如：（1）There is an eraser on the teacher'sdesk.(主語aneraser是單數(shù))（2）There is an orange，five apples and eight bananas in thebag.(并列主語中的第一個(gè)主語anorange是單數(shù))D．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞型情態(tài)動(dòng)詞型句子的構(gòu)成為“主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人對所敘述的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法。如：①He canspeak a little English.(can+speak)②May Ihave a book, please?(may+have)【結(jié) 構(gòu)】主語+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語 即某人+某個(gè)動(dòng)詞+其他。肯定式疑問式否定式否定疑問式I work.Do I work?I do not work.Don’t I work?You work.Do you work?You do not work.Don’t you work?We work.Do we work?We do not work.Don’t we work?They work.Do they work?They do not work.Don’t they work?He(She,It) works.Does he(she,it) work?He(She,It) does not work.Doesn’t he(she,it) work?否定形式：首先找句子中有沒有be動(dòng)詞（is, am或者are）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can），如果有，只要在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加上not。如果句子中沒有be動(dòng)詞（is, am或者are）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can）那么根據(jù)主語在后面加入don’t(you, I或者復(fù)數(shù))或doesn’t（第三人稱單數(shù)）。一般疑問句：首先找句子中有沒有be動(dòng)詞（is, am或者are）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can），如果有，只要將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前，放到主語前面。注意：句中第一人稱和第二人稱要互換。如果句子中沒有be動(dòng)詞（is, am或者are）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can）那么根據(jù)主語判斷加入do(you, I或者復(fù)數(shù))或does（第三人稱單數(shù)）。注意：句中第一人稱和第二人稱也要互換。特殊疑問句：首先分析劃線部分的意思，確定用哪個(gè)疑問詞（what, where, who, when, which,whose, how, how many, how much, what shape, what colour, what … doing, where …going, what … do）,然后找句子中有沒有be動(dòng)詞（is, am或者are）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can），如果有，只要將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放到主語前面（疑問詞的后面）。如果句子中沒有be動(dòng)詞（is, am或者are）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can）那么根據(jù)主語判斷加入do(you, I或者復(fù)數(shù))或does（第三人稱單數(shù)）。注意：句中第一人稱和第二人稱也要互換。【練 習(xí)】一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（Be動(dòng)詞）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中的be動(dòng)詞有四中形式: am is are be其中：am用于一人稱主語I之后，構(gòu)成I am…句型。is 用于三人稱單數(shù)主語she, he, it或單個(gè)的人和物之后，構(gòu)成She/He/It is…句型。are用于二人稱you或復(fù)數(shù)主語we, they之后，構(gòu)成You/We/They are…句型。be為該動(dòng)詞的原形，用于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, must…之后或用于祈使句中。如：Be careful! 當(dāng)心！1. Jim__________(be) a hard-working student at school.2.__________(be) Tom and Sam in the same class?3. Your schoollife __________(be) very interesting.4. There__________(be) a pen, two rulers and some books on the desk.5. The boys__________(be) very friendly to me.6. Maria__________(be not) from the U.S.A.7.__________(be) there any trees and a pool in the yard?8. I want to__________(be) a teacher.9. Mr. Wang can’t__________(be) at home, because the lights are off.10. Don’t__________(be) late for school again.二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有 can“能夠，可以”may“可以”must必須 + 動(dòng)詞原形（不需變化）should 應(yīng)該1. My mom can__________(cook) food well.2. Must she__________(stay) at home now?3. What can theboy __________(do) for his parents?4. Tom can’t__________(sing) an English song.5. He may__________(perform) ballet at Kangkang’s birthday party.6. She should__________(help) her parents do some housework.三、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）主語（一，二人稱或三人稱復(fù)數(shù)） + 動(dòng)詞原形（不需變化）主語（三人稱單數(shù)） + 動(dòng)詞三人稱單數(shù)形式（動(dòng)詞s/es）否定句中（don’t, doesn’t） + 動(dòng)詞原形（不需變化）疑問句中（Do, Does + 主語） + 動(dòng)詞原形（不需變化）1. Tom often__________(take) a talk after supper.2. Tom and Iusually __________(go) to school by bike.3. Does Lin Tao__________(like) reading storybooks?4. What classesdo you __________(have) today?5. How oftendoes the girl __________(watch) TV?6. Where do they__________(live) now?7. Every yearmany people __________(lose) their lives in traffic accidents.8. Sam doesn’t__________(get) up early in the morning.9. Each of them__________(have) a nice schoolbag.10. They each__________(sleep) late at night.四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。（Be動(dòng)詞）否定句：直接在be動(dòng)詞之后加not。疑問句：將be動(dòng)詞提到主語之前。1. She is in ablue dress.（變否定句）She __________ __________ a blue dress.2. I am fromQijiang.（變一般疑問句）__________ __________ fromQijiang?3. Are thestorybooks very interesting?（否定回答）No, __________ __________.4. His parentsare both workers.（變一般疑問句）__________ his parents __________ workers?5. There are somenice books on the shelf.（對劃線部分提問）__________ __________ on theshelf?五、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）否定句：直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后加not。疑問句：將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語之前。1. My mother mayspeak a little English.（變否定句）My mother __________ __________ speak a little English.2. We should becareful when we cross the street.（變一般疑問句）__________ __________ be careful when we cross the street?3. Must I finishmy homework at once?（作肯定和否定回答）Yes, __________ __________.No, __________ __________.4. Tom can recitea Chinese poem.（對劃線部分提問）What __________ Tom __________?六、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）否定句：三人稱單數(shù)主語 + doesn’t +還原動(dòng)詞其他主語 + don’t + 動(dòng)詞疑問句：Does + 三人稱單數(shù)主語 + 還原動(dòng)詞？Do + 其他主語 + 動(dòng)詞？1. They oftenplay the piano loudly.（變否定句）They __________ often __________ the pianolouldy.2. Jim learnsEnglish well.（變一般疑問）__________ Jim __________ English well?3. She likes Sichuanfood very much.（對劃線部分提問）What __________ she __________ very much?4. Do the boysusually play football after school?（作肯定回答）Yes, __________ __________.5. She usuallydoes some cooking in the evening.（變否定句）She usually __________ __________ any cooking in the evening.6. I want to dosome shopping.（變一般疑問句）__________ you __________ to do any shopping?7. Tom often wathesTV at night.（對劃線部分提問）What __________ Tom often __________ at night?8. Theysometimes go swimming in the afternoon.（對劃線部分提問）What __________ they sometimes __________ inthe evening?一般過去時(shí)【用 法】A．be型這一類型由be動(dòng)詞（was和were）+名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或介詞短語等一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示主語以前或過去的個(gè)性、特征或狀態(tài)。如：①I was a student ten years ago.(主語+be動(dòng)詞+名詞)②They were hungry just now.（主語+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞）③The bike was underthe tree yesterday.(主語+be動(dòng)詞+介詞短語)④It was rainy lastSunday.⑤They were very happy at Kangkang’sbirthday party.B．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞型情態(tài)動(dòng)詞型句子的構(gòu)成為“主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式could+動(dòng)詞原形”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示主語過去或曾經(jīng)能做的事情。如：①He could speak a littleEnglish lastyear.(could+speak)②What could she do when he was ten.C．did型did型由行為動(dòng)詞過去式充當(dāng)謂語，表示以前做過的某事，其構(gòu)成為“主語+動(dòng)詞過去式動(dòng)詞”。如：①I knew him when I was young. ②He believed me at that time .【結(jié) 構(gòu)】主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+賓語 即某人+某個(gè)動(dòng)詞過去式+其他。肯定式疑問式否定式否定疑問式I worked.Did I work?I did not work.Didn’t I work?You worked.Did you work?You did not work.Didn’t you work?We worked.Did we work?We did not work.Didn’t we work?They worked.Did they work?They did not work.Didn’t they work?He(She,It) worked.Did he(she,it) work?He(She,It) did not work.Didn’t he(she,it) work?否定形式：首先找句子中有沒有be動(dòng)詞（was或者were）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（could），如果有，只要在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加上not。如果句子中沒有be動(dòng)詞（was或者were）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（could）那么在后面加入didn’t（無論主語是什么人稱）。一般疑問句：首先找句子中有沒有be動(dòng)詞（was或者were）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（could），如果有，只要將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前，放到主語前面。注意：句中第一人稱和第二人稱要互換。如果句子中沒有be動(dòng)詞（was或者were）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（could）那么在主語之前加入did。注意：句中第一人稱和第二人稱也要互換。特殊疑問句：首先分析劃線部分的意思，確定用哪個(gè)疑問詞（what, where, who, when, which,whose, how, how many, how much, what shape, what colour, what … doing, where …going, what … do）,然后找句子中有沒有be動(dòng)詞（was或者were）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（could），如果有，只要將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前，放到主語前面。注意：句中第一人稱和第二人稱要互換。如果句子中沒有be動(dòng)詞（was或者were）或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（could）那么在主語之前加入did。注意：句中第一人稱和第二人稱也要互換。【規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式構(gòu)成形式】規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ed”構(gòu)成，具體變化有： 1. 直接在詞尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned2. 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的在詞尾加-d。如：like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved3. 以一個(gè)元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，先雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stop—stopped, trip—tripped4. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先把y變成i，再加-ed。如：study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married【不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式】P七·下142。【練 習(xí)】一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（Be動(dòng)詞）一般過去時(shí)中的be動(dòng)詞有兩種形式: was和were其中：was用于單數(shù)主語之后，構(gòu)成I/she/he/It was…句型。were用于復(fù)數(shù)主語和二人稱you之后，構(gòu)成You/We/They were…句型。1. I__________(be) a little girl at that time.2. When__________(be) you born?3. Maria__________(be) born in Cuba.4. The weatheryesterday __________(be) very cold.5. They__________(be) very happy at Kangkang’s birthday party yesterday.6. What__________(be) the date the day before yesterday?7.__________(be) you at home a moment ago?8. Where__________(be) your parents last Saturday?9. My mother__________(be not) in Chongqing last month.10. How__________(be) the weather this morning?二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的過去式為could，無人稱變化。1. Jane__________(can) speak Chinese well when she was only five.2.__________(can) they dance the disco last year?3. I__________(can not) sleep well last night.4. What__________(can) you do just now?三、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）首先根據(jù)句中提供的時(shí)間短語確定是否該用過去式。然后判斷該動(dòng)詞是屬于規(guī)則動(dòng)詞還是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞直接加ed，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞則需強(qiáng)化記憶。1. I__________(like) reading books before. But now I don’t.2. She__________(watch) TV late yesterday evening.3. We__________(clean) up our classroom a moment ago.4. __________they __________(have) any bread this morning?5. What__________ you __________(do) the day before yesterday?6. Tom__________(go) to visit the Great Wall last year.7. Mr. Wang__________(sing) an English song just now.8. __________Lin Tao have a good time at the party last Sunday?9. We__________(not porform) ballet yesterday. We __________(recite) a poem.10. The windyesterday __________(blow) strongly.四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。（Be動(dòng)詞）否定句：直接在was/were后加not。疑問句：將was/were提到主語之前。1. I was born ina small town.（變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洌?div style="height:15px;">
__________ you __________ in a small town?2. Sam was alittle boy at that time.（變?yōu)榉穸ň洌?div style="height:15px;">
Sam __________ __________ little boy at that time.3. His friendswere in the library just now.（對劃線部分提問）__________ __________ his friends just now?4. Were theyvery happy yesterday?（作否定回答）No, __________ __________.5. Was yourbrother born in Chongqing?（作肯定回答）Yes, __________ __________.五、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）肯定句：直接在could后加not.疑問句：將could提到主語之前。1. I could singEnglish songs when I was five.（變一般疑問句）__________ you __________ English songs whenyou were five?2. The boy couldride a bike last year.（變否定句）The boy __________ __________ a bike last year.3. They could playa game yesterday.（對劃線部分提問）What __________ they __________ yesterday?4. Could yourfriends cook food last Sunday?（作肯定回答）Yes, __________ __________.六、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）否定句：didn’t + 還原動(dòng)詞疑問句：Did + 主語 + 還原動(dòng)詞1. I went toSichuan with my friends during summer holidays.（變否定句）I __________ __________ to Sichuan with my friends during summer holidays.2. She recited apoem at Kangkang’s birthday party.（變一般疑問句）__________ she __________ a poem at Kangkang’sbirthday party?3. They didtheir homework half an hour ago.（變否定句）They __________ __________ their homework half an hour ago.4. Tom sang asong beautifully yesterday.（對劃線部分提問）What __________ Tom __________ yesteray?5. Jim took manypictures in winter holidays.（變一般疑問句）__________ Jim __________ many pictures inwinter holidays?6. Did the kidhurt himself just now?（做否定回答）No, __________ __________.7. They knew thegirl in blue well?（對劃線部分提問）Who __________ they __________ well?8. I forgot to closethe door yesterday evening.（對劃線部分提問）What __________ you __________ to doyesterday evening?現(xiàn)在（正在）進(jìn)行時(shí)【結(jié) 構(gòu)】主語+ be（am / is / are）+動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。肯定式疑問式否定式I am working.Am I working?I am not work.You are working.Are you working?You are not work.We are working.Are we working?We are not work.They are working.Are they working?They are not work.He(She,It) isworking.Is he(she,it) working?He(She,It) is not work.
肯定句形式：I + am 動(dòng)詞ing. 如：I am reading (read)an interesting story book now.She/He/It + is 動(dòng)詞ing. 如：Tom is reading(read) an interesting story book now.We/You/They + are動(dòng)詞ing. 如：They are reading (read) aninteresting story book now.否定句形式：直接在be（am, is, are）之后加not，其余照抄。如: I am not reading ( not read) an interesting storybook now.Tom isn’t reading ( not read) aninteresting story book now.They aren’t reading ( not read) aninteresting story book now.一般疑問句：直接將be（am, is, are）提到主語之前，其余照抄。如：Is Tom reading (read) an interesting story book now?Are theyreading (read) an interesting story book now?特殊疑問句：首先分析劃線部分的意思，確定用哪個(gè)疑問詞（what, where, who, when, which,whose, how, how many, how much, what shape, what colour, what … doing, where …going, what … do）,然后再將原句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧湫问剑磳e動(dòng)詞提到主語之前，其余的不變）。如：What time is Tomreading(read) an interesting story book?Where arethey taking(take) pictures?【動(dòng)詞ing的構(gòu)成規(guī)律】情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況。加 -ingwash-washing； catch-catching；以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞先去e，再加-ingmake-making； ride-riding；以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞雙寫尾字母，再加-ingsit-sitting swim-swimming現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志短語匯總：現(xiàn)在（正在）進(jìn)行時(shí)常與一些固定的時(shí)間短語搭配使用：① now“現(xiàn)在”如: Jim is playing soccer now.② right now= at the moment“此刻”如：The monkeys are climbing up the trees at themomnet.③ Look! Listen! “看??！聽??！”如：Look! Mr. Lee is working on thecomputer.Listen! The birds are sing in the tree.④ Where is…?問題的回答，暗指說話的時(shí)候。如：—Where is your mom, Tom?—Oh, she is cooking in the kitchen.⑤ 前面早就闡明是現(xiàn)在的短文中。【練 習(xí)】一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Myparents _______（watch）TV now.2. Look.Three boys _______（run）.3. What_______ your mother _______（do）now?4. _______your dog _______ now?（sleep）5. _______you _______（listen）to music? Yes, Iam.6. Look,Miss Chen _______ football.（play）7. Tom andhis sister _______（wait）for you over there.8. Now Class3 and Class 4_______（have）a test.9. Listen, someone_______（sing）in the classroom.10. ——Whereis Zhang Yan?——She _______（talk）with herteacher in the teacher’s office.11.Theboy _______ _________ ( draw)a picturenow.12.Listen .Some girls ______ ________ (sing)in the classroom .13. My mother______ _________ ( cut )some bread now.14. What_____ you ______ ( do ) now?15. Look. They ______ _______( have) an Englishlesson .16.They______ _____(not ,play) basketball now.17.Look!the girls ______ _________(dance )in theclassroom .18.Whatis our grandmother doing? She ____ ____(watch) TV.19.It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____ _______(have)supper now20. Thecats (run) in thegarden now.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. Look!Lily is dancing.（改為一般疑問句）________________________________________________2. Kate islooking for her watch.（改為否定句）________________________________________________3. Mrs Whiteis watching TV.（對劃線部分提問）________________________________________________4. I amdoing homework.（改為否定句）________________________________________________5. They arewaiting for you at the library.（就劃線部分提問）__________________________________________________三、根據(jù)中文提示完成句子：1. 小花不是在寫作業(yè)，她在畫畫。Xiao Hua______ ______ homework. She ______ ______ pictures.2. 今天李老師穿著一件紅色的連衣裙。Miss Li______ ______ a red dress today.3. 你爺爺在看報(bào)紙嗎？______your grandpa ______ the newspaper?4. Tom和Jim在做什么？____________ Tom and Jim ______?5. 他們是在打籃球還是在打排球？______they ______ basketball ______ volleyball?一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞shall/will { be (is ,am ,are ) going to }+ 動(dòng)詞原形（當(dāng)主語第一人稱時(shí)，一般用shall，當(dāng)主語為第三人稱時(shí)，用will，但主語為第一人稱時(shí)，也用will）肯定式:主語+shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他否定式:主語+shall/will+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.疑問式:Shall/Will+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+shall/will . (否)No,主語+shall/will+not …縮寫形式: 'll==shall/will shan't== shallnot won't == will not用法:1.表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,常用時(shí)間狀語有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等.eg.I shall be eighteen years old next year.Maybe China's population _______ (pass) 1,300,000,000 by the year 2005.2.表示某種必然的趨勢eg.Fish will die without water.解析：1.在以第一人稱為主語的問句中,常用 shall 表示提議和詢問情況,在以第二人稱作主語的問句中,用will 表示請求.eg.Where shall we have the meeting?Will you please lend me your pen?2.當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時(shí),用will 表示意愿.決心.允諾.命令等.eg.I will give you an English--Chinese dictionary for your birthday.3.在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中,一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí).eg.Tom will write to me when he gets there.4.be going to +動(dòng)詞原形也可表示將來時(shí).(1).表示主觀意愿.打算等.eg.He's going to learn English next term.(2).根據(jù)已有跡象,可能要發(fā)生的情況eg.Look at the black clouds!----It is going to rain.一般將來時(shí)練習(xí)題：（ ）1.The students back in two hours.A.come B. is coming C. came（ ）2.What you with your classmates this Sundayafternoon?A.are, do B.do, do C. will do（ ）3.There an English party in our class this evening.A.will have B. are going tohave .C. is going to be（ ）4. Wei Hua visit the Great Wall during thissummer holiday?A.Do, going to B. Is,going to C. Will, goingto（ ）5.When they leave forBeijing?A.will, going .B. will,/ C. do, going to（ ）6.---Where are you going ?---I the shops for some fruit.A. am going to B. go to C. shall going to go to（ ）7.Which oranges they to buy?A. are, going B. will, going C.do, going（ ）8.My mother says that she buy me a schoolbag better thanthis one.A. is B. shall C. will（ ）9.Mr Green is afraid that Jim behind the other students after hecomes back.A. will fall B. willfell C.is going to fell（ ）10.The students in my class harder than before this term.A. is going tostudy B. will going tostudy C. will study現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語 + “have(has) + 過去分詞”（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的，剛剛完成的動(dòng)作（常與yet，already，just連用），或者過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況（常與for，since連用）。例如：1）I have just finished my homework.2）Mary has been ill for three days.注意：與for ,since連用的動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞如：come —be here go ——be there join—— be a member borrow ——keep leave ——be away 等等（2）常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：since, for, during,over等引導(dǎo)出的短語；副詞already,yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；狀語詞組this week (morning, month,year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如：1）I haven’t been there for five years.2）So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation.3）There have been a lot of changes since 1978.◆◇一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較與轉(zhuǎn)換一般過去時(shí):與之搭配的時(shí)間副詞常用的有:Yesterday,last week, last year, at 5:30 , last weekend, last month. 有時(shí)用on weekend, this morning現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 常用的時(shí)間副詞有:ever, never, yet, still,already ， in the pastten years; in my life; todayExamples:Linda still hasn’t finished her homework.Stanley has already gotten bored with thelife here in Toronto.Have you ever gone to Paris?I have gone to the post office twicetoday.2、過去完成時(shí)（1）表示過去某時(shí)間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，這個(gè)過去的時(shí)間可以用by，before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示；或者表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過去動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。{ 表示“過去的過去 ”} 例如：1）We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.2）By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.（3）過去完成時(shí)常用于以下固定句型：1）by (the end of ) +過去時(shí)間，主句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。例如：The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon.八種時(shí)態(tài)的比較一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)a.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：重復(fù)發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作和真理。 標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間副詞： always often frequently usually sometimes every day every week every month occasionally once a month once a month once a year seldom rarely neverExamples： She goes shopping everyweek.He reads Business News every morning.He seldom goes dancing.The sun rises in the east and sets in thewest.Susan loves chocolate.b.表示一種狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)Examples: This tastes very good. Idon’t believe my eyes.I need a car. I hate this music.c.在講述一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的故事時(shí)，有時(shí)可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的一系列事情。-This use is called the “historical present”.如在看圖說話一類題時(shí)經(jīng)常用到這一點(diǎn)。 b>Examples: h一個(gè)美國人描述他到中國旅游的經(jīng)歷Myfriend and I arrive at the capital air port in Beijing on the morning of May 25th , 1993. Robert comes to meet with us in a taxi, and we drive to what is tobe our apartment for nearly three. week. The drive is culture shock number one.We see people everywhere. Also, Beijing seems to be more modern than its hasbeen written in all the books on China I have read. My friend and I areextremely astonished by the number of bicycles on the road, truly the kingdomof bicycles.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：a.正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作常用的時(shí)間狀語：（right）now at the（this）moment at present ;,?|LmExamples：Robert is teaching at this moment。Mendel is working on the first draft of hisessay。I’m looking for my umbrella right now.He’s enjoying a holiday right now.b.表達(dá)在現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但是動(dòng)作在說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行。常用的時(shí)間副詞：thesedays Nowadays today this semester/quarter thisweek/month/yearExamples:He’s relaxing this week.He’s working as a librarian thissemester.c.對一類經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情所表達(dá)的強(qiáng)烈情感常用的時(shí)間副詞：Always Forever constantlyExamples:He’s always complaining.（他怎么總是抱怨。）You’re always dancing.（你怎么總是跳舞，是不是太多了吧。）◆◇一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：表達(dá)的動(dòng)作不表明動(dòng)作從何時(shí)開始或已進(jìn)行了多長時(shí)間。Examples: Helen and Tom are happily married.Bruce listens to the news everymorning.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):a.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,但句子總是表明動(dòng)作是什么時(shí)候開始的。Examples:Helen and Tom have been happily marriedsince their wedding day 60 years ago.Bruce has listened to the news all his lifewithout missing a day.b.與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的兩個(gè)詞: For and SinceFor:表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間。如:for two minutes/weeks/years；for several days/a long time/the past month 而在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不能與之連用。Since: 表示動(dòng)作從何時(shí)開始時(shí)間點(diǎn). 如:since6:00/Apr. 23/last week /the accident◆◇現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,但不表明動(dòng)作從什么時(shí)候開始的。Examples:He is waiting over there.Matthew is studying Chinese in Beijing.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：可表明發(fā)生動(dòng)作的具體數(shù)字和次數(shù)。Examples:He has tried to pass the exam twice.◆◇一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)a.二者的區(qū)別在于一般過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Examples:My brother was sleeping at 2:00 yesterdayafternoon.My neighbor’s dog was barking at 3:00 thismorning.b.二者的區(qū)別在于一般過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去同一時(shí)間兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。與之常用的時(shí)間副詞: while, asExamples;Robert was moving the lawn while Susan wasfixing the car.As Michael was visiting Paris, Robert wasteaching English classes in Beijing.◆◇一般過去時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)二者的區(qū)別在于過去將來時(shí)表示在過去打算做,但是沒有做的動(dòng)作.而一般過去時(shí)表示為什么沒有做的原因。Examples:I was going to become a rock star but Ididn’t know the right people in the music business.◆◇一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)二者的區(qū)別在于過去完成時(shí)表示在過去的過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Examples:Mary was hungry because she hadn’t eaten breakfast.Charlie lost his way to the hotel althoughhe had been there a few days earlier.I realized that I hadn’t eaten a single French Fry since I started my diet.◆◇一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí) -一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在時(shí)間和條件從句當(dāng)中表示將來時(shí)的動(dòng)作。Examples:As soon as I save enough money I’ll buy a big house.When he gets back home he will phone afriend in New York.If it rains tomorrow we will cancel thecamping trip.◆◇過去進(jìn)行時(shí) { be(was,were)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 }動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)試題與解析（ ）1.He stepped into the office, _____ down and began to fill inthe forms.A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it（ ）2.She said she would telephone but we _____from her so far.A. haven’t heard B. didn’t hear C. hadn’t heard D. won’t hear（ ）3.When I got to the cinema, the film ____for ten minutes.A. has begun B. hadbegun C. had been on D. was（ ）4.I’ll go withyou as soon as I____ my homework.A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. finished（ ）5.If it _____tomorrow, I won’t go to the cinema.A. will rain B. rains C. is raining D. rained（ ）6.She is going to be a nurse when she up.A. is going to grow B. grows C. growing D. grew（ ）7. 下列四句是“這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個(gè)月了?！钡挠⒆g文，哪一種不對？A. I have had this book for three months.B. I have bought this book for three months.C. I bought this book three monthsago.D. It is three months since I bought this book.（ ）8.——Comein, Peter, I want to show you something.——Oh, how nice of you! I_____ you _____ to bring me a gift.A. never think; are going B. never thought; were goingC. didn’t think; were going D. had’t thought; were going（ ）9.When I was at college I_____ three foreign languages, but I_____ all except for a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten（ ）10.The police found that the house_____and a lot of things____.A. has broken into; has beenstolen B. had broken into; had been stolenC. has been broken into;stolen D. had been broken into; stolen（ ）11.The volleyball macth will be put off if it____.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining（ ）12.Mary_____a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes（ ）13.The students_____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a bookshe_____ in the office.A. had writen; left B.were writing; has leftC. had written; had left D. were writing; had left（ ）14.——Have youmoved into the new house?——No yet, the rooms_____,A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painting（ ）15.——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.——What do yousuppose____to her?A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened（ ）16.——Do you knowour town at all?——No, this isthe first time I _____here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming（ ）17.——We couldhave walked ot the station.It was so near.——Yes, A taxi _____ at all necessary.A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be（ ）18.If city noises_____ from increasing, people____ _shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept;will have to B.arenot kept; have toC. do not keep;will have to D.donot keep; have to（ ）19.Tom_____into the house when no one_____.A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; lookedC. slipped; had looked D. was slippping; looked（ ）20.The last time I_____ Jane she____ cotton in the fields.A.had seen; was picking B. saw; pickingC.had seen; picked D. saw; was picking（ ）21.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he_____ officesoon.A. leaves B .woulds leave C. left D. had left（ ）22.In some parts of the world, tea with milkand sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D.served（ ）23.The pen I____I ____is on my desk, right under my nose.A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost（ ）24.——How long____ each other before they____ married?——For about ayear.A. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to getC. do they know; are going toget D. had they known; got（ ）25.My dictionary _____. Ihave looked for it everywhere but still ____it.A. has lost; don’t find B. is missing; don’t findC. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing; haven’t found（ ）26.——Can I join the club, Dad ?——You can whenyou ____ a bit older.A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got（ ）27.—— I’m sorry to keep you waiting.—— Oh, not atall . I____ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be（ ）28.——Do you likethe material（材料）?——Yes, it_____ very soft.A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt（ ）29.I don’t really work here. I____ until the new secretary arrives.A. just help out B. have just helped outC. am just helping out D. is completed（ ）30.I need one more stamp before my collection_____.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed（ ）31.——Your phonenumber again? I____ quite catch it.——It’s 9568442.A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t（ ）32 .—— _____the sports meet might be putoff.—— Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told（ ）33.As she ____the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep.A. read; was falling B. was reading; fellC. was reading; was falling D. read; fell（ ）34.You don’t need to describe her, I____ her several times.A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet（ ）35.I don’t think Jim saw me; He____ into space.A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared（ ）36. ——____my glasses?——____ Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. have you seen（ ）37. Helen ____ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____ home.A. has left ;comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D.had left; would come（ ）38. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ____at a radio shop at the time.A. has worked B. was working C. has been working D. has worked（ ）39. ——Who is JerryCooper?——_____? I saw you shaking hands with him at themeeting.A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you meet him yetC. Didn't’ you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet（ ）40.—— Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?——I____ , but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did（ ）41.The Chinese Communist Party _____ in Shanghai in 1921.A. was found B. found C. was founded D. founded（ ）42.Great changes______ in my home town since liberation.A. have been taken place B. took placeC. have taken place D. were taken place（ ）43.The water will be further polluted unless some measures_____.A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken（ ）44. He’ll be an astronaut by the time he _____ thirty.A. is B. had been C. will be D. is going to be（ ）45.The____look on his face suggested that he____ that.A. surprising; hadn’t expected B. surprised; hadn’t expectedC.surprising; would expect D. surprised; shouldn’t expect七年級英語語法上冊下冊總結(jié)：七年級英語語法雖然是從簡單的一些日常用語出發(fā)的，但語法中常會(huì)有一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)看起來很細(xì)小，容易被忽視，但這些知識(shí)點(diǎn)掌握不熟練，往往會(huì)造成一些語法應(yīng)用上的錯(cuò)誤。因此在學(xué)習(xí)七年級英語語法時(shí)，要認(rèn)真、細(xì)心，不要覺得一些地方不重要而得過且過。一、七年級英語語法——詞法1、名詞A）、名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh,ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties,comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves,shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish,sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué),family家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文,work工作 works作品，工廠,glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡,orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken雞肉 chickens 小雞十一） 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet,mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’; Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)三）由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞人稱 主格賓格形容詞名詞性第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my minemyself復(fù)數(shù) we us our oursourselves第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herselfhe him his his himselfit it its its this that itself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves3、動(dòng)詞A） 第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在x, sh,ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches,washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is,have-hasB） 現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing,train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going,do-doing二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting,let-letting, begin-beginning四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級我們在對兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下：一） 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest,nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母＋1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewerfewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-biggerbiggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorriersorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly),busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill– worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth二、七年級英語語法——句式1.陳述句肯定陳述句 a)This is a book. (be動(dòng)詞)b) He looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞)c) I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e) There’s acomputer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句 a)These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Katecan’t find her doll.e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learnEnglish!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.3. 疑問句1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c)Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a)Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No,they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3) 特殊疑問句① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action moviesand comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address iscindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At fiveo’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s mysister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see somebroccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s youraunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.12 問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.14 問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.15 問電話號(hào)碼 What’s yourphone number? It’s 576-8349.16 問謂語(動(dòng)作) What’s he doing? He’s watchingTV.17 問職業(yè)(身份) What doyou do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、七年級英語語法——時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：Be 動(dòng)詞：She’s aworker. Is she a worker? She isn’t aworker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I canplay the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play thepiano.行為動(dòng)詞：Theywant to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch?Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’mnot playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter?Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listeningthe pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.一．動(dòng)詞be（is,am,are）的用法我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟著他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問，往前提，句末問號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。二．this，that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代詞，it是人稱代詞。(2)距離說話人近的人或物用this, 距離說話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如：This is aflower. 這是一朵花。(近處)That is atree. 那是一棵樹。(遠(yuǎn)處)(3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西，先說this, 后說that。如：This is apen. That is a pencil. 這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。(4)向別人介紹某人時(shí)說This is…, 不說That is…。如：This isHelen. Helen, this is Tom. 這是海倫，海倫，這是湯姆。(5)Thisis 不能縮寫, 而That is可以縮寫。如：This is abike. That’s a car. 這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。(6)打電話時(shí)，介紹自己用this, 詢問對方用that。如：—Hello!Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐嗎？—Yes,this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是誰？注意：雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”，但英語中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說：I am…, Are you…？/Who areyou?(7)在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時(shí), 要用it代替this或that。如：①—Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎？—Yes, itis. 是的，它是。②—What’s that? 那是什么？—It’s akite. 是只風(fēng)箏。二．these和those用法this,that, these和those是指示代詞，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。① This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。② ②These pictures are good. 那些畫很好。③ ③ Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋果樹嗎？④ 在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時(shí)，通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如：⑤ ④Are these/those your apples? 這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎？⑥ Yes, they are. 是的，他們是。⑦ 四．不定冠詞a和ana和an都是不定冠詞，表示一(個(gè)，支，本，塊……)的意思，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量概念，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別，用來限定名詞。a用在輔音素開頭的單數(shù)名詞前，如：a pencil(一支鉛筆)，a book(一本書)；an用在元音音素開頭的名詞前，如an eraser(一塊橡皮)。如果名詞前有修飾語，用a還是用an，則以該修飾語的第一音素決定用a還是用an。如：a clock 一座鐘 an old clock 一座舊鐘 abook 一本書 anEnglish book 一本英語書a niceapple 一個(gè)可愛的蘋果 anapple 一個(gè)蘋果五．名詞＋’s所有格名詞＋’s所有格單數(shù)名詞后直接加 “ ’s ”Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的媽媽以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加“’”Teachers’ Day教師節(jié) the twins’ books雙胞胎的書不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù)，加“ ’s ”Children’s Day 兒童節(jié) men’s shoes男式鞋表示兩者共同擁有時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s表示兩者各自擁有時(shí)，要在每個(gè)名詞后加’sLucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽，一個(gè)媽媽)Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凱特的房間（各自的房間，兩間房子）六．There be句型(1)There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處（某時(shí)）有某人（某物）?！逼浠窘Y(jié)構(gòu)為“There be＋某物（某人）＋某地（某時(shí)）”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義；主語是be后面的名詞， be是謂語動(dòng)詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記there be句型結(jié)構(gòu)：There be放句首，主語跟在后。地、時(shí)放句末，強(qiáng)調(diào)置前頭。如：There is a book on the desk.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)，也可把介詞短語放在句首。如：On the desk there is a book.(2)There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢？請先看看下面這首歌訣：Be動(dòng)詞，有三個(gè)，am，is還有are。“There be”真特別，不留am只留倆，那就是is還有are。要用is還是are，須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is，否則就用are。如：①There is a tree behind the house.②There is some water（水）in the bottle（瓶子）.③There are some pears in the box.(3)注意：如果“be”后的主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞，那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說，“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is，是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如：①There is a book and some pens onthe floor.②There are some pens and a book onthe floor.七．like一詞的用法like用作及物動(dòng)詞，譯為“喜歡”。(1)后接名詞或代詞，表示喜歡某人或某物。如：I like the baby very much. 我非常喜歡這個(gè)小孩。(2)后接動(dòng)名詞(v. -ing)，表示“喜歡做某事”，著重于習(xí)慣、愛好。如：Tom likes playing football. 湯姆喜歡踢足球。(3)后接動(dòng)詞不定式(to do )，表示“偶爾地喜歡做某事”，著重于某次具體的行為。如：I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜歡讀書，但我今晚想看電視。八．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)。當(dāng)主語是非第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變化形式(見下表)。如：句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句主語＋行為動(dòng)詞原形＋其他We speak Chinese.否定句主語＋don’t＋行為動(dòng)詞原形＋其他We don’t speak Chinese.一般疑問句Do＋主語＋行為動(dòng)詞原形＋其他？Do you speak Chinese?肯定回答否定回答Yes，主語＋doNo，主語＋don’tYes, we do.No, we don’t.當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，行為動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型變化如下：(1)肯定句在行為動(dòng)詞原形后＋s/es(其構(gòu)成方法與名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)相同)。(2)否定句用助動(dòng)詞doesn’t＋動(dòng)詞原形。(3)一般疑問句則是把助動(dòng)詞does放在句首，后面動(dòng)詞用原形，回答時(shí)，肯定用“Yes，主語＋does.”；否定用“No，主語＋doesn’t.”。句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句主語＋行為動(dòng)詞s/es＋其他She speaks Chinese.否定句主語＋doesn’t＋行為動(dòng)詞原形＋其他She doesn’t speak Chinese.一般疑問句Does＋主語＋行為動(dòng)詞原形＋其他？Does she speak Chinese?肯定回答否定回答Yes，主語＋doesNo，主語＋doesn’tYes, she does.No, she doesn’t.九．句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，注意以下五要素(1)主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即I→we, you→you，she,he,it→ they。如：She is a girl. →They are girls.(2)am，is要變?yōu)閍re。如：I’m a student. →We are students.(3)不定冠詞a，an要去掉。如：He is a boy. →They are boys.(4)普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：It is an apple. →They are apples.(5)指示代詞this，that要變?yōu)閠hese，those。如：This is a box. →These are boxes.十．英語日期的表示法英語中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞，它們的首字母必須大寫，并且前面無需用冠詞。用英語表示日期，其順序?yàn)樵?日+年，日和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開。如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年來表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日)英語日期前介詞的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，則用介詞in，若具體到某一天，則需用介詞on。①She wasborn in 1989②She was born inAugust.③She was born in August 1989.④She was born on 2nd August, 1989.十一.名詞復(fù)數(shù)：在英語里面，名詞分可數(shù)名詞（countable noun）和不可數(shù)名詞（uncountable noun），不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，用時(shí)只當(dāng)單數(shù)詞用；可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，一個(gè)的前面要用a或an，eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card，而復(fù)數(shù)即兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的要作相應(yīng)的變化，情況如下：(1) 特殊詞，特殊變化，需單獨(dú)記：child→children，man→men，foot→feet，woman→womentooth→teeth，sheep→sheep，deer→deer(2)一般的詞在單數(shù)詞后直接+“s”:book→books，pen→pens，car→cars，map→maps，cartoon→cartoons(3)以s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾的詞+“es”box→boxes，watch→watches(4)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞去掉“y”，改成“i”，再加“es”family→families，comedy→comedies(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，先去掉f或fe，改成“v”再加esknife→knives，wife→wives，handkerchief→handkerchieves十二.時(shí)間的表達(dá)法(1) 直讀式，即直接讀出時(shí)間數(shù)字7: 05 seven five 8:16 eightsixteen(2) 過、差式，即幾點(diǎn)差幾分，幾點(diǎn)過幾分。（以30分為分界線）1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five(3)12小時(shí)制6:00 a.m. 上午6點(diǎn) 8:20p.m. 下午8點(diǎn)20分(4)24小時(shí)制13:00 13點(diǎn)鐘 22:15 22點(diǎn)15分(5)15分可用quarter4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 aquarter to six(6)時(shí)間前通常用at.at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.十三.關(guān)于時(shí)間的問法(1)以when提問,“什么時(shí)候”可以是較長的時(shí)間段，也可以是較短的時(shí)間點(diǎn)①When is yourbirthday? 你的生日是什么時(shí)候？②My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是12月29日。這里就是指一天的時(shí)間段①When do you gohome? 你幾點(diǎn)回家？②I go home at 4:30p.m. 我下午4：30回家.這里when問的是具體的時(shí)間。(2)具體幾點(diǎn)我們通常用what time提問①What time is it now? 現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？ or What’s the time? 幾點(diǎn)了？It’s 9:26. 現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)二十六。②What time is it by yourwatch? 你手表幾點(diǎn)了？It’s 8:36. Oh, It’s 50 minutes late 8:36，哦，它慢了50分鐘。③What time do you getup? 你幾點(diǎn)起床？I get up at 6:00a.m. 我早上6點(diǎn)起床。十四. want用法(1)想干什么用want to do sthThey want to join the sports club. 他們想加入運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部。(2)第三人稱單數(shù)作主語，want要作變化①He wants to play basketball.②Li Xia wants to play the piano.(3)變疑問句，否定句要借助助動(dòng)詞do或does.①－Do youwant to play soccer ball ? －Yes , Ido . / No , I don’t.②－Does hewant to go home by bus ? －Yes , hedoes . / No , he doesn’t初一英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸類例析初一英語易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸類例析英語有很多很細(xì)小的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，而這些細(xì)小的知識(shí)點(diǎn)往往就是考點(diǎn)。同學(xué)們很容易由于注意不到而犯錯(cuò)誤，下面就初一年級同學(xué)們比較容易犯錯(cuò)誤的知識(shí)點(diǎn)做一個(gè)匯總。[第一類] 名詞類1. 這些女老師們在干什么？[誤] What are the woman teachers doing？[正] What are the women teachers doing？[析] 在英語中，當(dāng)一名詞作定語修飾另一名詞（單或復(fù)數(shù)形式）時(shí)，作定語的名詞一般要用其單數(shù)形式；但當(dāng)man，woman作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式men，women.2. 房間里有多少人？[誤] How many peoples are there in the room？[正] How many people are there in the room？[析] people作“人、人們”解時(shí)，是個(gè)集合名詞，其單復(fù)數(shù)同形。3. 我想為我兒子買兩瓶牛奶。[誤] I want to buy two bottle of milk for myson.[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for myson.[析] 表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí)，常用“a / an或數(shù)詞 +表量的可數(shù)名詞 +of + 不可數(shù)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)， 其中當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于1時(shí)，表量的可數(shù)名詞要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。[第二類] 動(dòng)詞類4. 你妹妹通常什么時(shí)候去上學(xué)？[誤] What time does your sister usually goesto school？[正] What time does your sister usually go toschool？[析] 借助助動(dòng)詞do（或does）構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句時(shí)，句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用其原形。5. 琳達(dá)晚上經(jīng)常做作業(yè)，但今晚她在看電視。[誤] Linda often do her homework in theevening，but this evening she watching TV.[正] Linda often does herhomework in the evening，but this evening she iswatching TV.[析] 在初一英語學(xué)習(xí)階段，我們接觸到了兩種主要時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常和often，usually，sometimes等時(shí)間狀語連用。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子中，若主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由be（am / is / are） +ving形式構(gòu)成。6 這雙鞋是紅色的。[誤] This pair of shoes are red.[正] This pair of shoes is red.[析] 在shoes，trousers，gloves，glasses等表示成雙成對的衣物或工具名詞前用pair（表計(jì)量）修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來決定。[第三類] 代詞類7. 這張票是她的，不是我的。[誤] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.[正] This is her ticket.It’s not mine.[析] 物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。形容詞性物主代詞之后一定要接名詞，而名詞性物主代詞之后不需接任何詞。8. 吳老師教我們英語。[誤] Miss Wu teaches our English.[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.[析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的賓語，因此當(dāng)sb.為人稱代詞時(shí)要用其賓格形式。[第四類] 介詞類9. 你能找到這個(gè)問題的答案嗎？[誤] Can you find the answer of this question？[正] Can you find the answer to this question？[析] 英語中用“the answerto …”表示“……的答案”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有the key to the door，the way to the zoo等。10. 格林先生星期六上午來這里。[誤] Mr Green will come here in Sundayevening.[正] Mr Green will come here on Sundayevening.[析] 表示在上午、下午等時(shí)，介詞要用in；而表示在具體的某天上午、下午時(shí)，介詞要用on.11. 那個(gè)穿著紅裙子的小女孩是我們老師的女兒。[誤] That little girl on a red skirt is ourteacher’s daughter.[正] That little girl ina red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.[析] 用介詞表示“穿戴衣物”時(shí)，只能用in，其他介詞沒有此用法。[第五類] 副詞類12. 莉莉，你為什么不回家呢？[誤] Lily，why don’t you go to home？[正] Lily，why don’t you go home？[析] come，go 等后接here，there，home等地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)，地點(diǎn)副詞前不加to。[第六類] 連詞類13. 我喜歡語文和英語，但我不喜歡體育和歷史。[誤] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like P.E.and history.[正] I like Chinese andEnglish，but I don’t like P.E.orhistory.[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之間用and來連接；而在否定句中，并列成分之間的連接需用or。[第七類] 冠詞類14. 乘飛機(jī)去北京花了史密斯一家人一個(gè)小時(shí)。[誤] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijingby a plane.[正] It takes the Smithsan hour to go to Beijing by plane.[析] 1．表示“……一家人”用結(jié)構(gòu)“the+ 姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”；2．our 一詞的第一個(gè)字母不發(fā)音，它是以元音音素開頭的，所以“一小時(shí)”要用 an hour；3．用介詞by表示“乘坐”某種交通工具時(shí)，交通工具名詞前不加任何冠詞。[第八類] 句法類15. ――你不是學(xué)生嗎？ ――不，我是學(xué)生。[誤] ――Aren’t you a student？ ――No， I am.[正] ――Aren’t you a student？ ――Yes， I am.[析] 對否定疑問句的回答是用Yes還是用No，這取決于實(shí)際情況：如果事實(shí)是肯定的，就用Yes表“不”；如果事實(shí)是否定的，就用No表“是的”。初中英語語法口訣歌1. 數(shù)詞變化規(guī)律及讀法口訣兩大數(shù)詞基和序，前表數(shù)量后第幾。構(gòu)成先談基數(shù)詞，1至12請認(rèn)真記。13至19 teen 結(jié)尾齊，ty 結(jié)尾表示幾十。若要表達(dá)幾十幾，幾十短橫1到9。One hundred 一百記，若表幾百幾十幾。幾百 and 幾十幾，基數(shù)規(guī)律上述里。再把序數(shù)談仔細(xì)，第一至三獨(dú)立記。第四至十九結(jié)尾 th, 第廿到九十有規(guī)律。基數(shù)基礎(chǔ) y 變 ieth。第幾十幾有特例，第幾十由基數(shù)起，幾用序數(shù)有道理。第一百 one hundred。若說第一百幾十幾。One hundred and 第幾十幾。談此即告一段落。序有縮式莫忘記，上述須用心體味。2. 句子種類口訣句子按用途分四大體，陳述疑問感嘆和祈使。陳述用來敘述一件事。疑問主要用來提問題。祈使表達(dá)命令和請求。表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈感情感嘆句。上述九是句種之定義。祈使主語 you 被拋棄。若將其變成否定形式，動(dòng)詞之前加 don't 是正理。3. 陳述句變感嘆句口訣英語陳述變感嘆兩句套。What 或 How 加其他成分表。What [a (an)]形加名用的妙。剩余照寫句末用感嘆號(hào)。How 后副和形是正確道，其后照寫感嘆號(hào)堪稱妙。4. 變動(dòng)詞單三人稱口訣一般情況動(dòng)詞尾 -s 加。O, s, ch, sh 結(jié)尾“-es”沒有差。輔音加 y 去 y 為“-ies”是方法。5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)及句型轉(zhuǎn)換口訣現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行之動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來掌舵。構(gòu)成 be 加現(xiàn)在分詞妥，be 的用法如同系動(dòng)詞。切記 be 是助動(dòng)詞沒錯(cuò)，be 后面加 not 否定拓。Be 提句首疑問有把握，上述內(nèi)容記清好處多。6. 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成口訣詞尾直加 -ing 是一般式，若遇無音 e 去之加 -ing。重讀閉音一輔音字母尾，雙寫該字母 -ing 是正里。7. 形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級構(gòu)成口訣結(jié)尾直加- er, -est 屬一般， 詳細(xì)構(gòu)成方法逐一來侃談。一輔音結(jié)尾重讀閉音節(jié)看， 輔音雙寫 -er, -est 是習(xí)慣。輔音加 y(ly) 除外有型感， 按照去 y, -er, -iest 方法辦。上述皆屬單音部分雙音段， 下面把多音節(jié)規(guī)律來看看。詞前加 more, most 此規(guī)律喚， 規(guī)則變化到此已全都談完。有些不規(guī)則變化請你記全， “雙好”better, best 記的寬，“壞病”worse, worst 莫記亂，“雙多” more,most 不用管 ，“老、遠(yuǎn)”兩種形式別記篡， “有點(diǎn)”less, least 記清盼。8. 感觀使役動(dòng)詞記憶和使用口訣1. 記憶口訣：二聽四看一感覺，使役動(dòng)詞有三個(gè)。或：一感二聽三使四看。一感；feel二聽：hear, listen to三使：make, let, have四看：look at, see, watch,notice2. 使用口訣：感使動(dòng)詞真奇怪，to 在句中象妖怪。主動(dòng)句里它走開，被動(dòng)句里它回來。動(dòng)詞 let 要除外，to 詞可來可不來初中英語作文寫作 議論文寫作技巧和范文議論文是作者對某個(gè)問題或某件事進(jìn)行分析、評論，表明自己的觀點(diǎn)、立場、態(tài)度、看法和主張的一種文體。議論文有三要素，即論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。論點(diǎn)的基本要求是：觀點(diǎn)正確，認(rèn)真概括，有實(shí)際意義；論據(jù)的基本要求是：真實(shí)可靠，充分典型；論證的基本要求是：推理必須符合邏輯。英語議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)一般較為固定，通常包括以下三部分：1. 在導(dǎo)語部分提出需要議論的議題；2. 在正文部分對所提出的問題進(jìn)行議論；3. 在結(jié)論部分對以上的討論進(jìn)行總結(jié)和歸納。寫議論文要考慮論點(diǎn)，考慮用什么作論據(jù)來證明，怎樣來論證，然后得出結(jié)論。它可以是先提出一個(gè)總論點(diǎn)，然后分別進(jìn)行論述，分析各個(gè)分論點(diǎn)，最后得出結(jié)論；或者先引述一個(gè)故事，一段對話，或描寫一個(gè)場面，再一層一層地從事實(shí)中分析出道理，歸納引申出一個(gè)新的結(jié)論；也可以在文章開頭先提出一個(gè)人們關(guān)心的問題，然后一一作答，逐層深入；還可以把兩個(gè)不同事物以對立的方式提出來加以比較、對照，然后得出結(jié)論。在具體寫作中要注意下列幾點(diǎn)：1. 議題的提出要開門見山，不要拖泥帶水。2. 議論時(shí)可以采用不同的方法。如：可以擺出正反兩方面觀點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行對比；也可引經(jīng)據(jù)典論證作者自己觀點(diǎn)的正確性，從而使讀者接受自己的觀點(diǎn)；亦可提出一種錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)然后論證其錯(cuò)誤，最終提出正確的觀點(diǎn)。正文部分是寫作的重點(diǎn)，論證方法可用歸納法、推理法、比較法等。3. 在結(jié)論部分必須表明作者的觀點(diǎn)，對討論的問題做出總結(jié)。4. 注意連接詞和過渡詞等詞語的使用，以增強(qiáng)文章的條理性和邏輯性。常用的過渡詞和連接詞包括：first, second, third, finally, in addition, furthermore, besides,what was worse, more importantly, in contrast, because, since, now that,therefore，consequently，in thatcase, as a result/consequence, in conclusion, to sum up等等。請看下面的范文：Shall we send children to study abroad?With more and more people becoming rich in recent years, it is a newtendency for them to send their children to study abroad. But I don’t think it is a good idea. First of all, children are too young tolook after themselves. Second, the language barrier is a serious problem. Manychildren are not proficient in the foreign language before going abroad. As aresult, they have difficulty in understanding what the native speakers aretalking about. Third, they may get into trouble when dealing with varioussituations for lack of knowledge of the customs in the strange land.Furthermore, the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, whichmight cause a heavy burden to the family.In conclusion, there are more disadvantages in sending children tostudy abroad. So, we’d better not do it.to do sth.1want to do sth.想要做某事2want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事3wish to do sth.希望做某事4wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事5想要做某事語氣較)6would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事(語氣較婉轉(zhuǎn))7how to do sth.怎樣做某事8need to do sth.需要做某事9need sb. to do sth.需要某人做某事10be going to do sth.將要做某事11will do sth.將要做某事12begin to do sth.開始做某事13start to do sth.開始做某事14have no time to do sth.沒有時(shí)間做某事15have much time to do sth.有很多時(shí)間做某事16have food to eat有食物吃17It’s time for sth.該做某事了18It’s time to do sth.該做某事了19It’s time for sb. to do sth.該某人做某事了2021have fun doing sth.做某事有趣22It’s easy for sb.to do sth.對某人來說做某事是容易的23It’s difficult for sb.to do sth.對某人來說做某事是困難的24It’s+形+to do sth.做某事是……的25It’s+形+for sb. to do sth.對某人來說做某事是……的26It’s important for me to study.對我來說學(xué)習(xí)很重要。27It’s his turn to do sth.輪到他做某事了28It’s my first time to do sth.這是我第一次做某事29It’s a good place to do sth.這是做某事的一個(gè)好地方30teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事31teach us English教我們英語32teach me what to do教我做什么33teach me how to do it教我怎樣做34teach them how to look after the dog教他們怎樣照顧狗35ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事36tell sb. to do sth.告訴某人做某事37ask sb. not to do sth.要求某人不要做某事38He asks me not to go.他要求我別去。39tell sb. not to do sth.告訴某人不要做某事40I tell him not to be late.我告訴他不要遲到。41hope to do sth.希望做某事42I hope to be a teacher.我希望成為一名教師。43hope +從句希望做某事44I hope he will go soon.我希望他快點(diǎn)去。45use工具to do sth.=do sth. with 工具用工具做某事46wait for sb. to do sth.等待某人做某些47try to do sth.試著做某事48plan to do sth.計(jì)劃做某事49forget to do sth.忘記做某事doing sth.1like doing sth.=like to do sth.喜歡做某事2love doing sth.=love to do sth.喜愛做某事3enjoy doing sth.享受做某事4have fun doing sth.做某事有趣5have a good time doing sth.做某事很愉快6finish doing sth.結(jié)束做某事7practise doing sth.練習(xí)做某事8practise reading練習(xí)讀書9spend some time on sth.花時(shí)間在某事上10spend some time doing sth.花時(shí)間做某事11spend half an hour reading花半小時(shí)讀書12spend some time practising doing sth.花時(shí)間練習(xí)做某事13spend an hour practising running花一小時(shí)練習(xí)跑步14be busy doing sth.忙著做某事15be busy with sth.為某事忙16hate doing sth.=hate to do sth討厭做某事17dislike doing sth.=dislike to do sth.不喜歡做某事介詞后+ing1thank you for doing sth.謝謝你做某事2be good at doing sth.擅長做某事3do well in doing sth.擅長做某事4look forward to doing sth.期望做某事5what about doing sth.做……怎么樣？6how do you like doing sth.7how do you like sth.你有多喜歡某事？8what do you think of doing sth.你覺得做……怎么樣？9what do you think of sth.你覺得……怎么樣？10do A by doing Bdo sth.1let sb. do sth.讓某人做某事2make sb. do sth.使某人做某事3Will/Would you please do sth?請做某事好嗎？4Will/Would you please help me?請幫助我好嗎？5Will/Would you please not do sth?請不要做某事好嗎？6Will/Would you please not go?請不要去好嗎？7Don’t do sth. xx！XX，不要做某事！8Don’t be late, Tom!湯姆，不要遲到！9do sth.XX，做某事！10Tom, come here！湯姆，過來！11xx, don’t do sth.XX，不要做某事！12Tom, don’t be late.湯姆，不要遲到！13help sb.(to) do sth.幫助某人做某事14can+ do sth.能做某事may可以做某事must必須做某事should應(yīng)該做某事wouldwill將要做某事
