Usually they do this wearing open-necked shirts. Why no ties? Well, it’s less formal and makes them look like regular guys.
他們不打領(lǐng)帶時(shí)，通常穿開領(lǐng)襯衫。那么他們?yōu)槭裁床淮蝾I(lǐng)帶呢？原來，這種著裝沒那么正式，讓他們看起來像普通民眾。

Candidates such as Mitt Romney, Rick Santorum and Newt Gingrich who are vying for the Republican Party nomination, adopt a casual look when campaigning. Ties are out.
米特?羅姆尼、里克?桑托勒姆、紐特?金里奇等共和黨候選人在競選拉票中都以非正式的著裝出現(xiàn)，沒有打領(lǐng)帶。

But when it comes to the big, televised speech or debate then they all revert to business suit, collar and tie.
但在重要的電視演講或辯論中，他們又都穿上了西裝和襯衫，系上了領(lǐng)帶。

“To press the flesh and get yourself elected it seems essential to dress down and appear casual, like ordinary voters, rather than buttoned-up or formal,” said David Cannadine, professor of history at Princeton University, US.
美國普林斯頓大學(xué)歷史學(xué)教授大衛(wèi)?康南狄表示，“在與選民見面握手時(shí)，候選人不穿正裝，而改著休閑裝，就像普通選民，看起來比較隨和，這對候選人是否能夠當(dāng)選似乎是至關(guān)重要的?！?br>

Speaking on the program A Point of View on the BBC Radio 4, he went on: “But to undertake the very different task of running a country, it’s still expected that politicians will wear what is termed as business attire, which means a suit (whether you are a man or woman) and also a tie (if you’re male).
他在BBC廣播電臺(tái)第四頻道《一家觀點(diǎn)》節(jié)目中說：“但政治家是要擔(dān)當(dāng)管理國家重任的人，人們還是希望看到他們穿著所謂的正裝——也就是穿西裝（男女均如此）打領(lǐng)帶（僅限男士）?！?br>

What are the conventions of wearing a tie?
打領(lǐng)帶有那些規(guī)矩呢？

Some schools and most business organizations have a dress code. It may stipulate that male employees who meet the public must wear a collar and tie. Why? Because it is thought to give a man a smart appearance. It makes him look respectable, professional, like a banker, businessman or insurance broker.
部分學(xué)校和大多數(shù)的商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)都有著裝規(guī)定。有些會(huì)規(guī)定男性員工在接待客戶時(shí)一定要穿襯衫打領(lǐng)帶。為什么呢？因?yàn)槿藗冋J(rèn)為這樣打扮會(huì)使男性看起來更整潔、更體面、更專業(yè)，就像銀行家，企業(yè)家或保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人一樣。

“With an evening coat and a white tie, even a stockbroker can gain a reputation for being civilized,” said Oscar Wilde, the Irish poet and playwright. Of course Wilde was being ironic. Stockbrokers might be rich, but they were often snubbed by the upper class.
愛爾蘭詩人及劇作家奧斯卡?王爾德曾說：“就連股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人穿上晚禮服打上白領(lǐng)結(jié)之后，也會(huì)讓人感覺彬彬有禮了?！碑?dāng)然，王爾德是在調(diào)侃，股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人雖然很有錢，但是一度為上流社會(huì)所輕視。

Fashions in ties change. Kipper ties (broad, colorful ties popular in the West in the 1970s) gave way to narrow strips of material as worn by punk rockers.
領(lǐng)帶的流行趨勢也在變化。Kipper領(lǐng)帶 (20世紀(jì)70年代西方流行一種較寬的，顏色艷麗的領(lǐng)帶)被淘汰，人們開始熱衷于細(xì)領(lǐng)帶，就像過去朋克搖滾音樂人戴的那種。

How you knot your tie may reveal your personality. In From Russia with Love, author Ian Fleming says of secret agent 007: “Bond mistrusted anyone who tied his tie with a Windsor knot (a wide symmetrical triangular knot). It showed too much vanity. It was often the mark of a cad.”
打領(lǐng)帶的方式也許能夠反映你的個(gè)性。在007系列《來自俄羅斯的愛》中，作者伊恩?弗萊明曾這樣談?wù)撁孛芴毓?07：“只要是將領(lǐng)帶打成溫莎結(jié)（一種寬邊對稱三角結(jié)）的人，一律無法獲得邦德的信任。溫莎結(jié)太過虛榮，通常是行為不端的標(biāo)志?！?br>

Police officers in the UK used to wear white shirts and black ties. They looked very dapper. But the tie wasn’t fastened around their necks. It was a clip-on variety so that violent criminals could not drag them around by their ties.
英國的警察曾經(jīng)穿白襯衫打黑領(lǐng)帶，看上去衣冠楚楚。但其實(shí)，這種領(lǐng)帶不是系在脖子上的，而是用夾子別在領(lǐng)子上的，這樣的話，歹徒就無法拽著警察領(lǐng)帶勒住他們的脖子了。

Times change. Today UK cops wear black T-shirts and stab-proof vests. For many professions the tie is a relic from a bygone age and will not be missed.
時(shí)過境遷，如今的英國警察穿上了黑T恤和防刺背心。對于很多職業(yè)來說，領(lǐng)帶已經(jīng)過時(shí)，人們也不會(huì)再懷念了。