1) 前一個(gè)單詞以輔音音素接尾,后一個(gè)單詞以元音音素開頭,并且兩個(gè)詞處于同一個(gè)意群或者說(shuō)話者語(yǔ)速較快時(shí),兩詞發(fā)生連讀
as it
My pen`s out of ink again. → [mai p?:n zau t? vink? gein]
not at all →[n? t? t?:l]
once in a week →[w?n sin? wi:k]
rush hour→[r?`?au?]連讀后,發(fā)音極接近單詞shower。
travel agent travel agency→[tr?v leid??nt],[tr?vleid??nsi]
I’m
It
Let
Ms
I
Put
Not
Please
2)擊穿輕輔音[h]的連讀,如果前一個(gè)單詞以輔音音素結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)單詞的讀音以輕輔音音素[h]開頭,語(yǔ)速較快時(shí),直接與[h]后面的元音音素發(fā)生連讀。
isn't
the rent here→[e? ren ti?]
Don’t
for him →[f? rim],[f? r?m],[fr?m]
sell her books →[se l? buks]
I lent him a book.→[ai l?n ti m? buk]
I must have left my keys at my sister's house. [ai m?s t?vlef(t) mai ki:z?(t) mai sist? zaus]
She learned to use the computer on herown.
What
Ha(s
Mus(t
Should
Tell
Lea(ve
3).元音音素與元音音素的連讀發(fā)生的情況比較少,一般是[i:]或[u:]和其它元音音素的連讀,同時(shí)伴隨著音變,
[u]+元音開頭:在[u]后面加上一個(gè)輔音[w],[i]+元音開頭:在[i]后面加上一個(gè)輔音[y]
如:
do any
Just do it. [d??s(t) dwit]
see us [si j?s]
hurry up被讀作 [h?ri j?p]
Go (w) away.
I (j) am Chinese.
He (j) is very friendly to me.
She wants to study (j) English.
How (w) and why did you come here?
She can’t carry (j) it.
It’ll take you three (j) hours to walkthere.
The question is too (j) easy for him toanswer.
4).輔音音素與輔音音素的連讀發(fā)生的情況比較少,一般是[t][d]和[r][w][j]等的連讀,注意發(fā)生的音變。
Part one. [pa: tw?n]
You must remain in bed for two days.
[ju: m?s tri`mei nin be(d) f?: tu: deiz]
5).以re或r結(jié)尾的單詞,在英音中,它們不發(fā)音,在美音中,讀[r],和以元音音素開頭的單詞相臨時(shí),發(fā)生連讀。例如:
There is an old man under the tree.[ e?? ri z? n?ul(d) m?n `?nd?
You should buy a bicycle for him.[ju ?ud bai ? `baisikl f?rim]
6).以ng結(jié)尾讀[?]的單詞,如果后面緊跟以元音音素開頭的單詞,發(fā)生連都時(shí),中間加一個(gè)音素[g]。例如,
ring him
7).連讀時(shí)發(fā)生的四個(gè)常見的音變:
[t] [j]==[t?]
aren’t you [a:n t?u:]
wouldn’t you [`wudn t?u:]
and you [?n d?u:]
because you [bi`k?: ?u:]
此外,這些音變也發(fā)生在單詞內(nèi)部,例如:
during [`d?u?ri?] altitude [?l`tit?u:d] attitude [`?tit?ud]
duty [`d?u:ti] sugar [`?u:^?] suit [?u:t] stupid [`st?u:pid]
Is
(hat與or之間不可以連讀)
There
(book與in之間不可以連讀)
Can
(English與or之間不可以連讀)
Shall
(meet與
She
(door與and之間不可以連讀)
I’m an English boy.
It is an old book.
Let me have a look at it.
Ms Black worked in an officelast~yesterday.
I called you half an hour ago.
Put it on, please.
Not at all.
Please pick it up.
You can see it.
Please copy it.
Say it again.
Don’t do it.
Go easy.
It’s too easy.
The bird flew in the sky.
2.失音
1)相同或相似的兩個(gè)音素以及發(fā)音部位相同的音素相鄰時(shí)(包括在一個(gè)單詞內(nèi)的情況),前一個(gè)音素不讀出聲。例如:
What does the man mean? [w?(t) d?(z) e? m?(n) mi:n]
Officials say there will be a parade. [?`fi??l(z) sei e?? w?lbi
The boy is going into the room.[e? b?(i) iz `g?u(i?) intue?
clothes [kl?uez]
2)失去爆破即爆破音的失去。如有兩個(gè)爆破音[p],[b],[t],[d],[k],[g]連貫出現(xiàn)在同一單詞內(nèi)部或連貫出現(xiàn)在前一單詞結(jié)尾與后一單詞開頭,前一輔音音素只按其發(fā)音部位形成阻礙,但不爆破,稍作間息后立即過(guò)渡到后一個(gè)音的發(fā)音部位并爆破。這種現(xiàn)象稱為失去爆破。
如sit down →si(t)down,似乎聽不到任何人會(huì)把sit的[t]音完完整整地發(fā)出來(lái),這個(gè)音幾乎必然地永遠(yuǎn)失去。
有時(shí)后一單詞開頭不一定是爆破音素,而是其他的輔音也同樣可以造成前一單詞詞尾爆破音素的失掉。如Good night →Goo(d)night,
失去爆破在同一個(gè)單詞的內(nèi)部.例如:
English→En(g)lish,
friendly→frien (d)ly
3)縮略
I am [ai ?m] → I’m [aim]
how is [hau iz] → how’s [hauz]
that would [e?t wud]→that’d [e?(t)d]
3.弱讀(在語(yǔ)音分析中的代碼為p3)單詞的兩種讀法:強(qiáng)讀、弱讀。當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞處于一個(gè)連貫的句子中又非該句子主要意思所在,因而不被重讀時(shí),它的發(fā)音常以弱式讀法讀出。
1)改變?yōu)楸人鸵患?jí)的元音發(fā)出。如:[i:]可弱化為[i]。如單詞he[hi:] 常發(fā)[hi]
2)所有的元音經(jīng)過(guò)都可以變?yōu)閇?]音
for from to some am do have does
強(qiáng)式 [f?:] [fr?:m] [tu:] [s?m] [?m] [du:] [h?v] [d?z]
弱式 [f?] [fr?m] [t?] [s?m] [?m] [d?] [h?v] [d?z]
當(dāng)元音弱化為第二階梯的形式時(shí),發(fā)音已與原來(lái)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音截然不同
3)弱化的第三階梯,元音過(guò)分弱化而消失。這一階段的弱化可視為失音的一種。這往往在語(yǔ)速過(guò)快時(shí),出現(xiàn)于長(zhǎng)句子中被弱讀的單詞上。比如for的弱讀形式除了[f?]外,還有一種形式即[fr]。
for
[fr?m]即由此而生。其具體弱化過(guò)程可表示為:
(1)[f?:rim] [h]被擊穿,即輕輔音[h]因弱化而消失,使兩詞連讀。
(2)[f?r?m] for中的[?:]和him的[i:]都弱化為了[?]。這時(shí)for him兩詞的讀音
和單詞forum的弱讀形式相同。
(3)[fr?m] for中的[?:]音因弱化而完全消失。這時(shí)for him兩詞的讀音和 單詞from的弱讀相同。
元音弱化達(dá)到了第三階梯,實(shí)際讀音與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音相比已是面目全非。
三階梯元音弱化表:
?: ?
? ? i ? u e ?i ?i ?i
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
在四級(jí)聽力中,最為常見的弱讀是[i]在非重讀音節(jié)中弱化為[?],其次是一些常見的單音節(jié)介詞和助動(dòng)詞的弱讀。
eleven [?`lev?n]
I will bring you up-to-date on what we’ve learned these
[ai w?l bri? ju: ?(p)t?deit ?n w?(t) wi:v l?:n(d) ei:z deiz]
What does it mean?[w?(t) d? zi(t) mi:n]
4,混同(在語(yǔ)音分析中的代碼為p4)
fifteen[`fif`di:n ]
在美音中,[p]和[b]、[t]和[d]、[k]和[g]以及[t?]和[d?]的讀音經(jīng)?;ハ噢D(zhuǎn)換。比較常見的還有:
happy被讀作[`h?bi]
1)在ask、can't、dance、fast、path 這一類的單詞中,英國(guó)人將字母a
讀作[a:],而美國(guó)人則讀作[?],所以這些詞在美國(guó)人口中就成了[?sk][k?nt][d?ns][f?st]和[p?:θ]。
2)在box、crop、hot、spot這一類單詞中,英國(guó)人將字母o讀作[?],而美國(guó)人則將o讀作近似[a:]音的[?]。所以這些詞在美國(guó)人讀起來(lái)就成了[b?ks][kr?p][h?t]和[sp?t]。
3)輔音字母r在單詞中是否讀音是英語(yǔ)與美語(yǔ)的又一明顯差異。在英語(yǔ)的r音節(jié)中不含卷舌音[r],而美語(yǔ)的r音節(jié)中含卷舌音[r],如下列詞在英語(yǔ)和美語(yǔ)中讀音是不同的:
英語(yǔ)讀音 美語(yǔ)讀音
Car [ka:] [kar]
Door [d?:] [d?r]
river [`riv?] [`riv?r]
party [`pa:ti] [`parti]
board [b?:d] [b?rd]
英語(yǔ)中只有在far away, for ever等連讀情況下,字母r才明顯的讀作卷舌音[r]:
[fa: r? wei][f? re v?]
4)在以-ary或-ory結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)詞中,英國(guó)人通常將a或o弱讀,而美國(guó)人不僅不弱讀,還要將a或o所在的音節(jié)加上次重音,所以這些詞在英語(yǔ)和美語(yǔ)中不僅讀音有差異,節(jié)奏也明顯不同,例如:
英語(yǔ)讀音 美語(yǔ)讀音
Dictionary [`dik??nri] [`dik???neri]
laboratory [l?`b?:r?t?ri] [`l?b?r?t?:ri]
secretary [`sekritri] [`sekri?teri]
necessarily [`nesis?rili] [`nesi?serili]
ordinarily [`?:din?rili] [??:di`nerili]
5)在以-ile結(jié)尾的另一類單詞中,英國(guó)人將尾音節(jié)中的字母i讀作[ai];而美國(guó)人則弱讀作[?]或不讀音,例如:
英語(yǔ)讀音 美語(yǔ)讀音
fertile [`f?:tail] [`f?:t?l]
fragile [`fr?d?ail] [`fr?d??l]
hostile [`h?stail] [`h?st?l]
6)除此之外,另有一些難于歸類的單詞在英語(yǔ)和美語(yǔ)中讀音也各有不同: 英語(yǔ)讀音 美語(yǔ)讀音
clerk [kla:k] [kl?:rk]
either [`aie?] [`i:e?]
neither [`naie?] [`ni:e?]
leisure [`le??] [`li:??r]
schedule [`?edju:l] [`sked?ul]
視頻:
英語(yǔ)連讀與略讀(很好的視頻)//v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTQ2NjMzNTQ0.html?x&sharefrom=android
發(fā)音速成8-連讀省略弱讀老A教你學(xué)英語(yǔ)//v.youku.com/v_show/id_XOTA0ODc3MDgw.html?x&sharefrom=android
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