【閱讀理解試題分析】
1. 從體裁上看，2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ考查了應(yīng)用文1篇，記敘文1篇，說(shuō)明文2篇，與2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ考查的體裁與篇數(shù)相同。
2. 從難度上看，2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ較之2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ整體難度略有下調(diào)。
3. 從詞數(shù)上看，2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ（總詞數(shù)1112詞）與2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ（總詞數(shù)1114詞）相當(dāng)。
4. 從題型上看，2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ考查了細(xì)節(jié)理解題9題，較2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ多了4題；考查了推理判斷題2題，較2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ少了4題；考查了詞義猜測(cè)題1題，與2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ相當(dāng)；考查了段落大意題1題，與2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ相當(dāng)；考查了標(biāo)題概括題1題，與2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ相當(dāng)；考查了觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題Ⅰ題，而2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ對(duì)此沒(méi)有考查，反而考查文章出處題1題。
表1體裁與難度分析
二、具體分析
第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
體裁：應(yīng)用文 詞數(shù)：206 難度：3星
A
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property (失物招領(lǐng))
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.
The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major even tdays, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special a dditional services may operate.
Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit translink.com.au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Manystations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.
For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
Guardian trains (outbound)
21. What would you do get ticket information?
A. Call 13 16 17.
B.Visit translink.com.au.
C. Ask at the local station.
D. Check the train schedule.
22. At which station can you find the lost property office?
A. Altandi.
B. Roma Street.
C.Varsity Lakes.
D. Fortitude Valley.
23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?
A. 6:42pm.
B. 7:29pm.
C. 8:57pm.
D. 11:02pm.
【短文大意】本文介紹了TransLink（運(yùn)輸聯(lián)線）的火車(chē)運(yùn)營(yíng)信息，包括訂票信息、失物招領(lǐng)信息、公共假期運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)間、輪椅使用信息以及列車(chē)時(shí)刻表。
21. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度較小。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的please ask at your local stationor call 13 12 30可知選C。
22. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度較小。根據(jù)Lost property部分中的The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station. 可知選B。
23. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度較小。根據(jù)最后的列車(chē)時(shí)刻表，定位找到Central出發(fā)到達(dá)Varsity Lakes的列車(chē)，對(duì)應(yīng)出發(fā)時(shí)間為7:29pm，故選B。
B
體裁：記敘文 詞數(shù)：285 難度：3.5
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading everyspring is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (隨筆)about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortázar.
WhileI tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt.
B. Reward.
C. Allowance.
D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He loves poetry.
B. He’s an editor.
C. He’s very ambitious.
D. He teaches reading.
【短文大意】本文講述了重讀就像與老友小酌一般，充滿(mǎn)了熟悉感。重讀的魅力在于感受當(dāng)下的精神狀態(tài)，隨著年紀(jì)的增長(zhǎng)會(huì)有不一樣的感受。好書(shū)讓我們看得更遠(yuǎn)，能更好地理解我們的朋友。
24. D 推理判斷題。難度中等。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and readand reread in order to better understand your friends. 可知，隨著時(shí)間流逝好書(shū)讓我們看得更深遠(yuǎn)，閱讀和重讀讓我們更好地理解朋友也理解自己，故選D。
25. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度較小。根據(jù)第三段第三、四句Published in 1964,it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating, anaging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. 可知，這本書(shū)是關(guān)于海明威年輕時(shí)雄心勃勃但更簡(jiǎn)單的生活的，故選B。
26. B 詞義猜測(cè)題。難度較大。根據(jù)劃線詞前一句中的while money is indeed wonderful and necessary可知，雖然錢(qián)確實(shí)很棒也很有必要，但讀者能付給作者最高的“報(bào)酬”是重讀他們的作品，故選B。
27. A 推理判斷題。難度較小。根據(jù)第三段作者重讀的三本書(shū)可以看出，其中有兩本都是詩(shī)集，說(shuō)明作者是喜愛(ài)詩(shī)歌的，故選A。
C
體裁：說(shuō)明文 詞數(shù)：303 難度：3.5
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接觸)with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However,race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says.According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground,create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact,anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building.
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ opinions.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach.
D. Doing regular exercises.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical.
B.Objective.
C. Tolerant.
D.Conservative.
【短文大意】本文介紹了競(jìng)走的特點(diǎn)與存在的問(wèn)題。
28. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度較小。根據(jù)第二段第三句But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain incontact with the ground at all times. 可知，競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員必須遵守特定的規(guī)則，因此他們是受到條件限制的，故選C。
29. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度中等。根據(jù)最后一段第一句中的some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers可知，膝蓋受傷對(duì)于競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員來(lái)說(shuō)是很少見(jiàn)的，雖然他們也有其他受傷的地方，但這是他們相對(duì)于跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)員而言的一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)，故選D。
30. A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度較小。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. 可知，Dr. Norberg建議，想學(xué)競(jìng)走的人應(yīng)該首先咨詢(xún)教練或有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，故選A。
31. B 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。難度中等。閱讀全文可知，作者從競(jìng)走的好處與問(wèn)題兩方面都進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明，因此是客觀中立的態(tài)度，故選B。
D
體裁：說(shuō)明文 詞數(shù)：318 難度：4星
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking abou thow we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow (發(fā)光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology,Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn treeinto self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (電源)— such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway —a lot of energy is lost during transmission (傳輸). Glowing plantscould reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefits from green plants.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A. To detect plants’ lack of water.
B. To change compositions of plants.
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy production.
B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
D. They could take the place of power plants.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Can we grow more glowing plants?
B. How do we live with glowing plants?
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【短文大意】本文講述了科學(xué)家已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了讓植物發(fā)光的試驗(yàn)，并希望在未來(lái)取得更大進(jìn)展，為人們帶來(lái)益處。
32. D 段落大意題。難度中等。根據(jù)第一段可知，本段通過(guò)舉例綠化多的區(qū)域犯罪率低，綠植多的辦公區(qū)域員工生產(chǎn)力更高來(lái)說(shuō)明綠色植物給人們帶來(lái)的益處，故選D。
33. A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度較小。根據(jù)第二段第二句These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. 可知，傳感器可以檢測(cè)植物是否缺水，故選A。
34. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度中等。根據(jù)最后一段可知，發(fā)光植物可以減少遠(yuǎn)距離輸送而產(chǎn)生的浪費(fèi)，從而節(jié)省能源，故選C。
35. C 標(biāo)題概括題。難度較大。閱讀全文可知，本文講述的是科學(xué)家進(jìn)行的發(fā)光植物試驗(yàn)，未來(lái)發(fā)光植物有可能取代電燈，讓人們獲得更多益處，故選C。
【閱讀七選五試題分析】
難度方面：2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀七選五難度與2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ相當(dāng)。
詞數(shù)方面：2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀七選五與2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ詞數(shù)均在250詞左右。
設(shè)空方面：2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀七選五設(shè)題：段首1處，段中3處，段末1處；2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀七選五設(shè)題：段首2處，段中3處。
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
體裁：說(shuō)明文 詞數(shù)：266 難度：4星
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36 Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
● 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38 You will make mistakes, time and time again.Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? “That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.”
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start?
【短文大意】本文就如何做到自我接納給出了幾點(diǎn)建議。人無(wú)完人，只有學(xué)會(huì)接納自己，才能看到自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并以更好的狀態(tài)面對(duì)生活。
36. B 設(shè)空處前文提到自我接納有時(shí)似乎很困難，而設(shè)空處后a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction表明自我接納并非無(wú)處下手。B項(xiàng)“Where do you start?”正好承上啟下，引出下文的建議。
37. F 根據(jù)下文的段落結(jié)構(gòu)可判定設(shè)空處為段落主題句。根據(jù)段落一致性原則，在下文定位關(guān)鍵詞people who make you feel not-good-enough, your life is better than theirs，據(jù)此可推斷出本段與“比較”有關(guān)，故選F。
38. D 本段的主題是“人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)”。設(shè)空處前提到我們對(duì)自己的錯(cuò)誤或失敗感到羞愧，其后提到犯錯(cuò)是很正常的事，是對(duì)D項(xiàng)中的you are only human的具體解釋?zhuān)次覀冎皇瞧胀ㄈ耍侨硕紩?huì)犯錯(cuò)，所以不需要感到羞愧，故選D。
39. C 上句You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 都是生活中看似微不足道的小事，但這些小事也是我們的成就。C項(xiàng)“再小的事都值得慶?！笔菍?duì)上句的總結(jié)。
40. A 本段主題句提到你已列出了你的長(zhǎng)處和不足之處。下文Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? 提醒我們看看自己的長(zhǎng)處和優(yōu)點(diǎn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的優(yōu)秀。這正是針對(duì)A項(xiàng)Feeling upset again? 給出的解決辦法，故選A。
【完形填空試題分析】
1. 體裁：2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ完形填空考查了夾敘夾議文，而2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ考查了議論文。
2. 詞數(shù)：2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ完形填空與2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ大致相當(dāng)，均在250詞左右。
3. 難度：2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ完形填空較之2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ難度有所下降。
4. 考查內(nèi)容：2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ完形填空考查了名詞（短語(yǔ)）8個(gè)，動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）6個(gè)，形容詞3個(gè)，副詞2個(gè)，介詞短語(yǔ)1個(gè)；2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ完形填空考查了名詞7個(gè)，動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）8個(gè)，形容詞4個(gè)，副詞1個(gè)。
具體分析如下：
第三部分 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45分）
第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
體裁：夾敘夾議文 詞數(shù)：248 難度：4星
Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.
Ihate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48 .
I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 .I have a very strong 51 that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical (比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like anopportunity (機(jī)會(huì)) of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity,they just 56 it and wonder, “What if it isn’t a door?” That is, “What if it isn’t a 57 opportunity?”
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just 59 repeatedly having to say, “No. We can’t go outside now.” Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real ormetaphorical, they won’t 60 to open them and walk through.
【短文大意】本文介紹了一個(gè)父母向孩子撒謊，可能讓孩子錯(cuò)失機(jī)遇的哲理故事。
41. C 考查名詞。根據(jù)下文中的If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy. 可知，“理由”很明顯，故選C。
42. A 考查動(dòng)詞。此處與上文中的my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window 呼應(yīng)，此處指如果我們“承認(rèn)”那是一扇門(mén)，他們會(huì)一直往外走，故選A。
43. B 考查副詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)可知，如果我們承認(rèn)那是一扇門(mén)，他們會(huì)“時(shí)?！蓖庾撸蔬xB。
44. D 考查名詞。此處與上文中的my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window 和下文中的I hate lying to the kids. 呼應(yīng)，顯而易見(jiàn)孩子們明白這不是窗戶(hù)的“事實(shí)”，下文中的 I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 .亦提示答案，故選D。
45. A 考查副詞。上文中的my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window提示答案，故選A。
46. D 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文可知，“我”和妻子向孩子們?nèi)鲋e稱(chēng)滑動(dòng)的玻璃門(mén)只是一扇窗戶(hù)，以防他們屢屢“試著”請(qǐng)求開(kāi)門(mén)外出，故選D。
47. C 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)空后的discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48 可知，有一天孩子們會(huì)開(kāi)始了解真相并發(fā)現(xiàn)父母撒了謊，wake up 在此意為“開(kāi)始了解真相”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。
48. B 考查名詞。上句I hate lying to the kids. 提示答案，故選B。
49. A 考查名詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，全文講述父母向孩子撒謊，故選A。
50. D 考查名詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，父母愛(ài)向孩子撒謊，卻很少考慮“后果”。下文中的What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity … 具體解釋了父母向孩子撒謊的后果，故選D。
51. B 考查名詞。下文中的Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. 提示答案。
52. C 考查形容詞。根據(jù)下文中的they just 56 it and wonder和What if it isn’t a 57 opportunity可知，父母撒謊會(huì)讓孩子自我懷疑，即更多的是帶來(lái)精神上的傷害，故選C。
53. B 考查形容詞。根據(jù)下文like an opportunity of some sort可知，門(mén)的“重要”比喻義指生活中的機(jī)遇，故選B。
54. A 考查名詞。門(mén)的重要比喻義指“生活”中的機(jī)遇，故選A。
55. D 考查介詞短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，如果父母向孩子撒謊，那他們很可能產(chǎn)生疑慮，從而不主動(dòng)開(kāi)門(mén)并錯(cuò)失機(jī)會(huì)。instead of 意為“而不是”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。
56. B 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和wonder可知，他們僅僅“盯著”門(mén)并懷疑如果那不是門(mén)會(huì)怎樣，故選B。
57. A 考查形容詞。最后一句中的Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical 提示答案，故選A。
58. C 考查名詞短語(yǔ)?？蘸蟮膖hat I shouldn’t lie to my kids是作者得出的結(jié)論，即為人父母的“最基本的準(zhǔn)則”就是不應(yīng)該向孩子撒謊，故選C。
59. D 考查動(dòng)詞?？蘸蟮摹癗o. We can’t go outside now.” 與上文my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window形成對(duì)比，此處是作者感悟：自己應(yīng)當(dāng)坦率地向孩子們“承認(rèn)”不能出去，故選D。
60. C 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文可知，如果父母向孩子撒謊，那他們很可能產(chǎn)生疑慮，從而不主動(dòng)開(kāi)門(mén)并錯(cuò)失機(jī)會(huì)；只有父母勇于承認(rèn)，今后孩子們無(wú)論遇到現(xiàn)實(shí)的還是比喻意義的門(mén)，他們才會(huì)克服疑惑，毫不“猶豫”地抓住機(jī)遇、跨過(guò)門(mén)檻，故選C。
【語(yǔ)法填空試題分析】
體裁：2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空和2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ均考查說(shuō)明文。
詞數(shù)：2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ詞數(shù)與2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ詞數(shù)相當(dāng)。
難度：難度相當(dāng)。
考查內(nèi)容：2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ考查了時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、限定詞、代詞、介詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和定語(yǔ)從句；2019年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ考查了時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致、冠詞、介詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和同位語(yǔ)從句。
第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
體裁：說(shuō)明文 詞數(shù)：184 難度：中
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探測(cè)器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — 61 (touch) down last week in the SouthPole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山), more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientistat Brown University, says, “because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct).” Data about the moon’s composition,such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的)base are practical.
【短文大意】文章介紹了中國(guó)嫦娥四號(hào)探測(cè)器成功登陸月球背面背后的故事及意義。
61. touched 考查時(shí)態(tài)。本句的主語(yǔ)是The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe，設(shè)空處是本句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)空后的last week可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填touched。
62. extremely 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾形容詞challenging應(yīng)用副詞，故填extremely。
63. where 考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知， 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞spot，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。
64. interest 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處是be of + n. 結(jié)構(gòu)，故填interest。
65. than 考查介詞。more than是固定短語(yǔ)，此處是在對(duì)比月球的背面和正面，故填than。
66. to find 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin是use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4的目的，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填to find。
67. means 考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上文中的This really excites scientists可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填means。
68. is constructed 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)the moon與construct之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填is constructed。
69. much 考查限定詞。根據(jù)從句中的主謂語(yǔ)it contains和賓語(yǔ)ice and other treasures可知，此處表示“包含多少……”，故填much。
70. its 考查代詞。空后的名詞plans提示此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞，故填its。
第四部分 寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分35分）
第一節(jié) 短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分10分）
假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。
修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。
注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。
Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it.First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggsinto a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove. I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. “Not that way,” my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished.
71. 第一句：simply改為simple dish是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞來(lái)修飾，故將simply改為simple。
72. 第二句：frying改為fried 此處作tomatoes的前置定語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞fry與tomatoes之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞，故將frying 改為fried。
73. 第二句：去掉第一個(gè)to 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must后直接用動(dòng)詞原形，故去掉第一個(gè)to。
74. 第三句：preparing改為prepare 這里是how to do sth的結(jié)構(gòu)，故將preparing改為prepare。
75. 第四句：but改為and 根據(jù)邏輯可知，“把西紅柿切成塊”和“放在一邊”是并列關(guān)系，故將but改為and。
76. 第五句：chopstick改為chopsticks 根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，筷子通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故將chopstick改為chopsticks。
77. 第六句：off改為on 根據(jù)前文I poured oil into a pan并結(jié)合邏輯可知，往鍋里倒油之后要打開(kāi)爐子，故將off改為on。
78. 第七句：unless改為until/ till 句意為“我耐心地等著，直到油熱了。”表示“直到……為止”用until / till，故將unless改為until/ till。
79. 第八句：在 pan前加the pan是前文出現(xiàn)的名詞，此處表特指，故在pan前加the。
80. 第九句：us改為me 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，媽媽試圖阻止“我”，故將us改為me。
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