【本講主要內容】
被動語態(tài)
【知識總結歸納】
一. 概念：表示動作與主語之間是被動關系的句子是被動語態(tài)。
二. 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)之間如何轉換
三. 各種不同時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的對比
時態(tài)
主動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時
am / is / are + P.P.
（1）Do they speak French ?
（2）They don’t use the room .
Is French spoken by them ?
The room isn’t used by them .
一般過去時
was / were + p.p.
（1）The hunter killed a tiger .
（2）He wrote many stories last year .
A tiger was killed by the hunter .
Many stories was written by him last year .
現(xiàn)在進行時
am / is / are +being +p.p.
（1）These workers are building a new bridge .
（2）He is mending his car .
A new bridge is being built by these workers .
His car is being mended by him .
過去進行時
was / were + being + p.p.
（1）He was selling books .
（2）They were discussing the plan at that time .
Books were being built by him .
The plan was being discussed by them at that time .
現(xiàn)在完成時
have / has + been + p. p.
（1）She has learned many English words .
（2）He has finished the work .
Many English words have been learned by her .
The work has been finished by him .
過去完成時
had + been + p.p.
（1）They has solved the problem .
（2）We had told him the news by then .
The problem had been solved by them .
The news had been told to him by us .
一般將來時
shall / will be + p.p.
（1）I shall make a plan .
（2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour .
A plan will be made by me .
The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour .
過去將來時
would be + p.p.
was/ were going to be + p.p.
（1）He told me they would paint the room .
（2）They were going to put on a play the next week .
He told me the room would be painted by them .
A play was going to be put by them the next week .
情態(tài)動詞
can / may / must / should
+ be + p.p.
（1）We should hand in our homework .
（2）You must answer the question in English .
Our homework should be handed in by us .
The question must be
answered in English by you .
四. 如何正確使用被動語態(tài)
1. 有些動詞帶有兩個賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語，變被動語態(tài)時，可把其中一個賓語變成主語，另一個留在被動結構謂語后面。需要注意的是：若把直接賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語，需要在間接賓語之間加上介詞“to”。
eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主動語態(tài)）
（被動語態(tài)）
▲常帶雙賓語的詞有：tell , show , lend , pass等。
2. 在主動語態(tài)中，某些動詞之后帶有復合賓語，即賓語和賓語補足語，這個復合賓語由動詞不定式來充當，to被省略，但在被動語態(tài)中，這個to還要還原。
eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主動語態(tài)）
She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被動語態(tài)）
▲ 有這種用法的常用動詞有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。
3. 有些“be +過去分詞”的結構并不是被動語態(tài)，它們有可能是“系表結構（即系動詞之后由過去分詞來充當表語）。”
比較：（1）
（2）
4. 只有及物動詞和可有賓語的動詞+介詞詞組才可以有被動語態(tài)。
eg.
【題型展示】
1. A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week .
A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give
答案：C （2003天津市）
2. To make our city more beautiful , rubbish into the river .
A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown
C. can’t throw D. may not throw
答案：B （2003重慶市）
3. You may go fishing if your work .
A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done
答案：A （2003河北?。?/p>
4. The trees must three times a week .
A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters
答案：C （2003長沙市）
5. — I won’t come to the party unless Sue , too .
— You mean if Sue comes you’ll come ?
A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited
答案：D （2003江西?。?/p>
6. I like my new bike . It very well .
A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden
答案：A （2003江西省）
7. Mr. Chen has a lond voice . His voice can clearly even in that big classroom .
A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard
答案：B （2003臺灣?。?/p>
8. — It’s time to do your homework , Jack .
— Yes , Mum . I’ll turn off the TV as soon as the programme .
A. ends B. end C. will be ended D. will end
答案：A （2003廣州市）
9. You to the meeting , why didn’t you go ?
A. be invited B. will be invited C. were invited D. are invited
答案：C （2003山西省）
10. A lot of trees along the river last year .
A. planted B. are planted C. were planted
答案：C （2003四川?。?/p>
【實戰(zhàn)模擬】
一. 選擇填空
1. The rivers smells terrible People must dirty things into it .
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw D. stop form throwing
2. Paper first invented in China .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
3. — Do you like the flower ? — Yes , it sweet .
A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells
4. It snowed heavily last night . The ground thick snow .
A. was covered with B. was filled with
C. was made of D. covered with
5. The light in the room before you leave .
A. must turn of B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off
6. the kind of question often in your class , Ann ?
A. Does , ask B. Is , asked C. Has , asked D. Will , ask
7. The bridge in three weeks .
A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds
8. The old men and the children must in our country .
A. take good care B. be taken good care
C. take good care of D. be taken good care of
9. Paul doesn’t have to be made He always works hard .
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
10. The girl was unhappy because she by some boys in the class .
A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at
11. We that the English test next Monday .
A. are told , gives B. tell , will give
C. are told , will be given D. told , is going to be given
12. Great changes place in China since 1978 .
A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. took
13. the red pencil-box by your father last week ?
A. Has , bought B. Was , bought C. Does , buy D. Did , buy
14. Mary many songs at the party .
A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing
15. trees usually in April ?
A. Have , planted B. Are , planted C. Do , plant D. Were , planted
16. When we got there , the broken road repaired .
A. is being B. was being C. has been D. /
17. The windows of the room once a week .
A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning
18. In 1620 , about half the USA forests .
A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D. covered with
19. The young tree the stick .
A. should be tied to B. must be tied by C. should tie to D. can be tied with
20. A present me by my friend on my birthday .
A. is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to
21. By was the book ?
A. who , wrote B. whom , write C. whom , written D. whom , writing
22. Films about crime and violence（暴力與犯罪） by young children .
A. should not see B. should be not seen
C. should not be seen D. should be seen
23. In warm weather fruit and meat long .
A. can’t be kept B. don’t keep C. is not kept D. aren’t keeping
24. Half the world’s telephone calls in English .
A. are made B. are making C. make D. is made
25. That building now .
A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. builds
26. The trees in our school every Friday afternoon .
A. are watered B. are watering C. have watered D. water
27. More “ Great Green Walls ” must all over the world .
A. build B. are built C. be building D. be built
28. His school bag by a woman ten minutes ago .
A. took away B. was taken away C. was taken off D. is taken
29. It that she very clever .
A. was said , is B. was said , were C. is said , is D. is said , is being
30. Yesterday a visitor something about his hometown .
A. was asked B. was asking C. is asked D. asked
31. Do you like this kind of paper ? Yes , it very nice .
A. is felt B. felt C. is feeling D. feels
32. These books well .
A. sells B. are being sold C. are sold D. sell
33. The boy lost on his way home yesterday .
A. got B. is C. gets D. has
34. Though the coat is a bit large now , it me very soon .
A. will be fit B. will fit C. fit D. fits
35. Football everywhere in the world .
A. is played B. play C. is playing D. plays
36. Everybody here was a present .
A. gave B. given C. To give D. Giving
37. A new factory in our city last year .
A. built B. has built C. was built D. is building
38. All trees must well when it is dry .
A. be watered B. are watered C. water D. be watering
39. This shirt silk .
A. must be made in B. make by C. must be made of D. must be made by
40. These books good care of .
A. must taken B. must take C. have to take D. must be taken
41. Stamps by people for sending letters .
A. use B. in using C. used D. are used
42. More trees next year .
A. will be planted B. will plant C. have planted D. are planting
43. — When the People’s Republic of China ?
— On October 1.1949 .
A. did …found B. was …found C. was … founded D. is … founded
44. Today , too many trees are still in the world .
A. cutting down B. cut down C. being cut down D. cutted
45. This kind of machine Japan .
A. is made by B. is made from C. is made in D. is made of
46. The teacher says that the man will .
A. be well taken care B. well look after C. take care well D. be well looked after
47. — I think the shop .
— No , It’s open . It at six .
A. is close … close B. is closed … closes C. closed … closes D. is closed
48. I was astonished（吃驚）to hear that the colour TV set 5 , 000 yuan .
A. has cost B. cost C. costed D. was cost
49. Great changes place since he came here .
A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. has taken
50. He was seen something from the shop .
A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed
51. She has by her classmates .
A. laughed B. laughed at C. been laughed D. been laughed at
二. 用正確的時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空
1. Nearly everybody here （know）when the old museum （build）.
2. The building can （see）from every part of the city ; It （build）many years ago .
3. Yesterday Tom （tell）me that his bike （break）last week .
4. The students often （tell）to take care of their desks and chairs .
5. Now he （be）asked if the meeting （hold）next Friday .
6. It is known to all that the moon （turn）round the earth .
7. Miss Li often （use）a recorder in her English class . But she （not use）it tomorrow .
8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits （sell）in this shop .
9. English （speak）here .
10. The song （like）by us all twenty years ago .
11. The pictures （take）by Jack tomorrow .
12. The computer （can use）in the room .
13. The room （paint）now .
14. The novel （translate）into many languages since it was published .
15. That clock （call）Big Ben .
16. Last week , when I （ask）about English culture , I couldn’t answer it well .
17. What language （speak）in your country ?
18. School football games often （hold）on Friday evenings .
19. The film （show）again sometime next week .
20. If anything （happen）to him , let me know .
21. the pair of new shoes （suit）you ?
22. The bottle （break）by the cat yesterday .
23. A tall tree （can , see）in the picture .
24. The sports meeting （hold）last week .
25. We （tell）yesterday that Jane would come back from Australia .
26. Look , Mr Smith （take）to the station by Mark in his car .
27. These trees should （water）after they （plant）.
28. The TV set （make）in Beijing . It （make）last April .
29. Colour TVs （sell）in that shop .
30. When the People’s Republic of China （found）?
31. Have you moved into the new house ?
Not yet . The rooms （paint）now .
32. An American film often （show）on TV on Sundays .
33. She （tell）the good news as soon as she arrived .
34. Look ! A big modern bridge （build）over the river .
35. Dr Bethune （remember）by the Chinese people for ever .
36. A recorder often （use）in our English class .
[參考答案]
一. 選擇填空
1—5 BCDAD 6—10 BCDBD 11—15 CBBDB 16—20 BCBAB
21—25 CCAAC 26—30 ADBCA 31—35 DCABA 36—40 BCACD
41—45 DACBC 46—50 DBBBB 51. D
二. 用正確的時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空
1. knows , was built 2. be seen , was built 3. told , was broken
4. are , told 5. is , will be held 6. turns
7. uses , won’t use 8. are sold 9. is spoken
10. was liked 11. will be taken 12. can be used
13. is being painted 14. has been translated 15. is called
16. was asked 17. is spoken 18. are , held
19. will be shown 20. happens 21. Does ,suit
22. was broken 23. can be seen 24. was held
25. were told 26. is being taken 27. be watered , are planted
28. is made , was made 29. are sold 30. was founded
31. are being painted 32. is , shown 33. was told
34. is being built 35. will be remembered 36. is , used一、被動語態(tài)的構成形式
1. 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化
被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：
1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3） am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進行時
例A new cinema is being built here．
4） was/were done 一般過去時
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5） had been done 過去完成時
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6） was/were being done 過去進行時
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7） shall/will be done 一般將來時
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8） should/would be done 過去將來時
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9） shall/will have been done 將來完成時（少用）
例The project will have been completed before July.
2. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結構形式
1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構中的主語，其余不動。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構時，要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞＋介詞”，“動詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
二、 如何使用被動語態(tài)
學習被動語態(tài)時，不僅要知道被動語態(tài)的各種語法結構，還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態(tài)。
1. 講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者 (這時可省 by 短語)。
例 My bike was stolen last night.
2. 借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3. 為了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一個主語就夠了）
三、 It is said that+從句及其他類似句型
一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句”或“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋to do sth.”。有：
It is said that… 據(jù)說,It is reported that…據(jù)報道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…眾所周知，It is thought that…大家認為，It is suggested that…據(jù)建議?！?/p>
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）
四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義
1.英語中有很多動詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式 表達被動意義,主語通常是物。
例 This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調外界作用造成的影響。
試比較：The door won't lock． （指門本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked． （指不會有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）
2. 表示“發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。
例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？
3. 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結構中常以主動形式表示被動意義。
例Your reason sounds reasonable
五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義
在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義 。
1． 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。
例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．這房子需要修理。
2． 形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。
例The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
3. 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構成主謂關系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。
例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon． (to do與things是動賓關系，與I是主謂關系。)
試比較：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)
4. 在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結構中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.
5． 在too… to…結構中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應用主動形式表示被動意義。
例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be…句型中，當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。
例There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰 lost time不明確。）
7. 在be to do結構中的一些不定式通常應用主動表主動, 被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。
例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?
六、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構成介詞短語表被動意義
表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當于該名詞相應動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。
1. “under +名詞”結構，表示“某事在進行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。
例The building is under construction( is being constructed).
2．“beyond+名詞”結構，“出乎……勝過……、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond one’s reach（鞭長莫及），beyond one’s control（無法控制），beyond our hope． 我們的成功始料不及。
例The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．
3.“above+名詞”結構, 表示“(品質、行為、能力等) 超過……、高于……”。
例His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough．
4．“for+名詞”結構，表示 “適于……、 為著……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。
例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).
5．“in+名詞”結構 ，表示“在……過程中或范圍內”常見的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內)，等?！?/p>
例The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)
6．“on+名詞”結構, 表示“在從事…… 中”。常見的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受審）。
例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).
7．“out of+名詞”結構 ； 表示 “超出…… 之外“，常見的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出視線之外），out of one’s reach(夠不著), out of fashion(不流行)等?！?/p>
例 The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)． 。
8．“within+名詞”結構，“在……內、不超過……”。
例He took two days off within the teacher's permission.
被動語態(tài)習題
1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
A． are not kept；will have to B． are not kept；have
C． do not keep；will have to D． do not keep；have to
2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.
A. developed B. have developed
C. are being developed D. will have been developed
3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off．
--- Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A． I've been told B． I've told C． I'm told D． I told
4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed
5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed D. would be designed
7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken
8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; have been set up
B. have taken place; have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up
D. were taken place; were set up
9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.
A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost
10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction.
--- What’s the pretty small house that __ for?
A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building
11.--- Do you like the material?
--- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．
A． write B． to write C． to be written D． written
13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you．
A． to type B． typing C． to be typed D． typed
14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.
A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out
C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out
15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.
A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to
17. --- What do you think of the book?
---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch
19. This page needed ___ again.
A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked
20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises
A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching
21)It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days.
A) designed B) has been designed
C) will be designed D) will have been designed
22)We are late. I expect the film ____by the time we get to the cinema.
A) will already have started B) would already have started
C) shall have already started D) has already been started
23) She will stop showing off if no notice____ of her.
A) is taken B) takes C) will be taken D) has taken
24) Diamond ____in Brazil in 1971.
A) is found B) has been found
C) was found D) had been found
25)“Have you moved into the new flat?”“Not yet. The room____.”
A) has been painted B) is painted
C) paints D) is being painted
26) My pictures ____until next Friday.
A) won't develop B) aren't developed
C) don't develop D) won' t be developed
27) Tim ____since he lost his job three weeks ago.
A) had been unemployed B) was unemployed
C) has been unemployed D) has unemployed
28) A great number of colleges and universities ____since 1949.
A) has been establish B) have been established
C) have established D) had been established
29) I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ____if we leave it here.
A) would be fined B) will be fined
C) will being fined D) will have been fined
30)“____two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”
A) They have been given B) I have been given
C) I am given D) They have given to me
31) The subject of these lectures ____by the lecture committee.
A) is announced B) have been announced
C) are announced D) has been announced
32) I found an aspirin bottle ____dropped on the floor of David's room.
A) was B) had C) had been D) is
33)The goods ____when we arrived at the airport.
A) were just unloading B) were just been unloading
C) had just unloaded D) were just being unloaded
34) If one ____by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.
A) overcomes B) is overcome
C) has been overcome D) overcome
35) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ____taken in the past.
A) was not B) were not C) were not being D) had not been
36) You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now ____sour.
A) I smell B) it is smelt C) it smells D) it is smelling
37) After the race____, the celebration began.
A) had been won B) is won C) will be won D)has been won
38) He was here for a little while, but I don't know where she ____now.
A) is B) was C) had been D) has been
39) The young teacher has ____ competent.
A) been proved to be B) proved to be
C) been proved D) proved being
40) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, ____photographically in March 1930.
A) discovered B) was discovered
C) by discovery D) when discovered
41) To get a better view of the stage, ____.
A)our seats had to be changed B) our seats were changed
C) we had to change our seats D) our seats were changed by us
42) After synthetic____, engineers had a better choice of material.
A) created B) has created
C) has been created D) had been created
43) I think much attention ____your pronunciation.
A) must be paid to B) ought to be paid to
C) must pay to D) should be paid to
44) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts ____Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.
A) have taken B) have been taken
C) have been taking D) have been taking
45) I don't remember ____the chance to try this method.
A)having been given B) to have been given
C)having given D) to have given
46) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it____.
A) know B) be known C) being known D) to be known
47) The construction of the laboratory ____by the end of next month.
A) must be completed B) must have been completed
C) will be completing D) will have been completing
48) They would tell how the African ____on a ship to an American port.
A) was brought B) could have been brought
C) had been brought D) was to be brought
49) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses ____to Peter.
A) is belonged to B) belonged C) belongs D) is belonging
50) Negotiation ____again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.
A) is to be opened B) is on the point of opening
C) is going to open D) opens
51) The reason for all the changes being made ____to us yet.
A) has not explained B) has not been explained
C) did not explained D) were not explained
52) Experiments in the photography of moving objects ____in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.
A) were conducting B)were conducted
C) had been conducted D) had conducted
53) When he turned the corner, he found himself ____by a man in black.
A) tailed B) been tailed C) was tailed D) had been tailed
54) A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination ____at this moment.
A) is interviewing B) being interviewed
C) is being interviewed D) interviewing
55) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen ____the new house.
A) building B) build C) built D) to build
56) As we know, all the regulations in school ____.
A) must keep to B) must be kept
C) must keep D) must be kept up
57) The composition ____any more.
A) need not to be corrected B) doesn't need to be corrected
C) doesn't need be corrected D) need not correct
58) The bank is reported in the local newspaper ____in broad daylight yesterday
A) to be robbed B) to have keen robbed
C) robbed D)having been robbed
59) Hurry up, or the tickets ___out by the time we get there.
A) will have sold B) will sell
C) have sold D) will have been sold
60) He cleaned the glasses carefully for fear that it ____.
A) was damaged B) should be damaged
C) damaged D) would be damaged
【試題答案】
1—5 ACADC 6—10 BCBDA
11—15 CBCAD 16—20 DCCDB
21—25 CAACD 26—30 DCBBB
31—35 DCDBB 36—40 CAABB
41—45 CDACA 46—50 CACCA
51—55 BCACA 56—60 BBBDB
英語被動語態(tài)講解及練習
一、被動語態(tài)的含義
英語中時態(tài)很多，但語態(tài)不多，只有兩種，即：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。所謂“被動語態(tài)”，相當于中文中常說的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行車被偷了?！?，“這座樓房是由他們建造的?！?/p>
二、被動語態(tài)的結構
那么，英語中被動語態(tài)是怎么樣構成的呢？請看下面的例句（注意劃線部分）：
His bicycle was stolen.
The building has been built in 2000.
通過上面的例句，可以看出，“被動語態(tài)”的構成是：
be + 過去分詞 + (by+動作執(zhí)行者)
三、被動語態(tài)的運用
什么情況下要用被動語態(tài)呢？一般地說，有下面幾種情況：
（1） 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要。例如：
Paper is made from wood. （紙是由木材生產出來的。）
The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （這座房子太舊了。它是1950年建成的。）
He was wounded in the fight. （他在戰(zhàn)斗在受傷了。）
Electricity is used to run machines. （電是用來開動機器的。）
（2） 需要強調動作的對象時。例如：
Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.
（計算器不能用于數(shù)學考試。）
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. （閱覽室的書籍和報紙不準帶走。）
He was awarded first prize in that contest.
（他在比賽中獲得了第一。）
（3）為了使語氣婉轉，避免提到是誰做的這件事。例如：
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新實驗室必須在下個月底前完工。）
四、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例
一般地講，被動語態(tài)可用于英語的各種時態(tài)。為了能準確地運用被動語態(tài)，重點是要掌握be動詞的各種時態(tài)變化。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例如下：
1、 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài). am / is / are + 動詞的過去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
This car is made in China.
2、一般過去式的被動語態(tài): was / were + 動詞的過去分詞
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
3、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài): am / is / are + being + 動詞的過去分詞
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4、過去進行時的被動語態(tài): was / were + being + 動詞的過去分詞
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5、一般將來時的被動語態(tài):
(A) will / shall + be + 動詞的過去分詞
(B) am / is / are + going to be +動詞的過去分詞.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.
Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6、過去將來時的被動語態(tài): (1).would / should + be + 動詞的過去分詞 (2).was / were +going to be + 動詞的過去分詞.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
7、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài):have / has + been + 動詞的過去分詞
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
8、過去完成時的被動語態(tài):had + been + 動詞的過去分詞
He said that some new factories had been built in the city.
I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .
9、含情態(tài)動詞的被動式：can/may/must + be + done
例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.
五、如何將主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)
1、從句子意義上說，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。
例1.
主動語態(tài)：人們說英語。People speak English in many countries.
被動語態(tài)：英語被說?！nglish is spoken in many countries..
例2.
主動語態(tài)：我們造這座橋。We built this bridge last year.
被動語態(tài)：這座橋被建造。This bridge was built last year.
2、從語法的角度說，把原句的賓語改成主語。
例1.
主動語態(tài)：小王邀請你(賓語) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.
被動語態(tài)：你(賓語)被邀請。 You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.
例2.
主動語態(tài)：你不準帶走雜志(賓語) You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.
被動語態(tài)：雜志(賓語)不準被帶走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.
例3.
主動語態(tài)：他們授給他(賓語)一枚獎章(賓語).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.
被動語態(tài)：他(賓語)被授予一枚獎章. He was given a medal for his wonderful work.
被動語態(tài)：一枚獎章(賓語)被授給了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.
被動語態(tài)復習 ABC
A．熟記結構
被動語態(tài)的結構為“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞（p．p）”。被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)是通過be的時態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應與主語保持一致。其具體變化為：
一般現(xiàn)在時：am／is／are＋p．p．
一般過去時：was／were＋p．p．
一般將來時：shall ／will be ＋p．p．
現(xiàn)在完成時：have ／has been ＋p．p．
現(xiàn)在進行時：am／is／are＋being＋p．p．
過去將來時：should ／would be ＋p．p．
含情態(tài)動詞的被動結構：情態(tài)動詞＋be＋p．p．例如：
① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people．
A．speak
B．is speaking
C．speaks
D．is spoken
（② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school．
A．were told
B．is telling
C．was told
D．tells
③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China．
A．must
B．must be
C．has
D．have
B．明確用法
被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況：
1．不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者；
2．強調動作的承受者。例如：
這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。
The tree ______ ______ by that boy．
（C．熟練轉換
1．將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法為：
①將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語；
②謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e＋及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態(tài)；
③主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之后。（有時by短語可以省略）。
2．被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前；否定句是在第一個助動詞后加not；特殊疑問句的語序為：疑問詞＋一般疑問句。例如：
① You must throw the broken pottery away at once．
The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once．（同義句）
（② Where did they grow vegetables？（改為被動語態(tài)）
Where ______ vegetables ______ ？ D．注意特例
將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應注意幾個特殊情況：
1．含雙賓語的主動結構變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構時，有兩種方法：
①將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變；
②將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導。例如：
① He told us a story．（變被動語態(tài)）
→We were told a story（by him）．或：A story was told to us by him．
② Her mother gave her a new pen．（變被動語態(tài)）
A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother．
2．短語動詞的被動語態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要將短語動詞視為一個整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如：
① This dictionary mustn't ______ from the library．
A．take away
B．taken away
C．are taken away
D．be taken away
② She will take good care of the children．（變被動語態(tài)）
The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ （by her）．
（3．含有復合賓語的主動結構變被動結構時，通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。注意：省略to的不定式作賓補時，不定式符號to必須補上。例如：
Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．（變被動
He ______ ______ ______ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday．
（4．不定式的被動結構：動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)為“to be ＋過去分詞”。例如：
The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city．
A．be building
B．build
C．be built
D．built
5．以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉換成被動句時要注意詞序：應將主動句中的疑問代詞改為介詞by的賓語，但仍然放在句子開頭。例如：
Who has broken the cup？（改為被動語態(tài)）
→By whom has the cup been broken？
E．注意區(qū)別
被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別：
1）含義不同：被動語態(tài)強調動作，重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成；而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景，敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比較：
The window is broken．窗子破了。（系表結構）
The window is broken by him．窗子被他打破了。（被動語態(tài)）
2）用法不同：過去分詞作表語時可以被 so，very，too等程度副詞修飾，而被動語態(tài)則不能用so，very，too修飾，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修飾。試比較：
He was very interested in science．他對科學有極大興趣。（系表結構）
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do．我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。（被動語態(tài)）
F．牢記（相關）句型
初中教材中與被動語態(tài)相關的句型有：
1．be covered with被……覆蓋
2．be made of由……制作（發(fā)生物理變化）
be made from由……制作（發(fā)生化學變化）
be made in由（某地）制造
be made by被（某人）制造
3．be used for被用來……
be used as被當作（作為）……來使用
be used to do sth．被用來做某事
4．It is said that．．．據(jù)說……
It is hoped that．．．希望……
It is well known that．．．眾所周知……例如：
①—Your coat looks nice．Is it ______ cotton？
—Yes．It's ———— Shanghai．
A．made of；made by
B．made of；made in
C．made for；made by
D．made for；made in
② This machine is used ______ the room wet．
A．for keeping
B．as keeping
C．keep
D．to keeping
③ 據(jù)說在南京長江上又在建一座橋。
______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing．
（四）幾種特殊的被動語態(tài)
１．帶不定式的被動語態(tài)。
The child is sure to be punished for that. 那個孩子肯定會因為那件事受罰的。
2. 帶介詞的動詞短語的被動語態(tài)。
Such a thing has never been heard of. 這件事前所未聞。
3. 帶副詞的動詞短語的被動語態(tài)。
The radio has just been turned off. 收音機剛剛被關上。
4. 當sell, wash, clean, run, ride, wear, write等動詞若有狀語well, easily, badly來修飾時，用主動形式表達被動意義。
The pen writes well. 這枝鋼筆寫字流暢。
The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。
被動語態(tài)專項練習
一、選擇題（2×15=30分）
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build
( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened
( )3.Cotton（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited
( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
( )6.How many trees ____ this year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted
( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done
( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
( )10.Who _____ this book _____?
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written
( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us
( )12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.
A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put
( )14.Older people ____ well.
A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after
( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened
二、用括號內所給動詞的正確形式填空。（1×20=20分）(請注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個方面噢)
1.It's said(據(jù)說) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．
3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？
4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．
6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.
8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?
They_______________(make) of metal(金屬) and wood.
10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?
11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.
12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.
13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.
14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.
15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city?
16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.
17. Look! Someone __________(dance).
三、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。 （1×30=30分）
1.Is tea grown in South China？（改為主動語態(tài)）
_______ people _________ tea in South China？
2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同義句轉換）
A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year．
3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (對劃線提問)
How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ?
4. The children will sing an English song. (改為被動語態(tài))
An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.
5. You needn't do it now. (改為被動語態(tài))
It ______ ________ ________ by you now.
6. People use metal for making machines. (改為被動語態(tài))
Metal ________ _________ _______making machines.
7. He made me do that for him. (改為被動語態(tài))
I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him.
8.They are watching the football match.
The football match _______ _______ _______ by them.
9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改為被動語態(tài))
__________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago?
10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改為被動語態(tài))
The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out.
11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改為被動語態(tài))
The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us.
四、根據(jù)所給漢語完成句子，一空一詞。 (1×10=10分)
①The new bike ______ ______ _____ _____ （買給我）by my parents as a present last week．
②_______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________（是國產的嗎）？
③The whole mountain is _________ _________ (覆蓋) the snow.
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