stocks 存貨，庫存量
cash sale 現(xiàn)貨
purchase 購買，進貨
bulk sale 整批銷售，躉售
distribution channels 銷售渠道
wholesale 批發(fā)
retail trade 零售業(yè)
hire-purchase 分期付款購買
fluctuate in line with market conditions 隨行就市
unfair competition 不合理競爭
dumping 商品傾銷
dumping profit margin 傾銷差價，傾銷幅度
antidumping 反傾銷
customs bond 海關(guān)擔保
chain debts 三角債
freight forwarder 貨運代理
trade consultation 貿(mào)易磋商
mediation of dispute 商業(yè)糾紛調(diào)解
partial shipment 分批裝運
restraint of trade 貿(mào)易管制
RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 區(qū)域貿(mào)易安排
favorable balance of trade 貿(mào)易順差
unfavorable balance of trade 貿(mào)易逆差
special preferences 優(yōu)惠關(guān)稅
bonded warehouse 保稅倉庫
transit trade 轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易
tariff barrier 關(guān)稅壁壘
tax rebate 出口退稅
TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘
貿(mào)易伙伴術(shù)語
trade partner 貿(mào)易伙伴
manufacturer 制造商，制造廠
middleman 中間商，經(jīng)紀人
dealer 經(jīng)銷商
wholesaler 批發(fā)商
retailer, tradesman 零售商
merchant 商人，批發(fā)商，零售商
concessionaire, licensed dealer 受讓人，特許權(quán)獲得者
consumer 消費者，用戶
client, customer 顧客，客戶
buyer 買主，買方
carrier 承運人
consignee 收貨人
進出口貿(mào)易詞匯
commerce, trade, trading 貿(mào)易
inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 國內(nèi)貿(mào)易
international trade 國際貿(mào)易
foreign trade, external trade 對外貿(mào)易，外貿(mào)
import, importation 進口
importer 進口商
export, exportation 出口
exporter 出口商
import licence 進口許口證
export licence 出口許口證
commercial transaction 買賣，交易
inquiry 詢盤
delivery 交貨
order 訂貨
make a complete entry 正式/完整申報
bad account 壞帳
Bill of Lading 提單
marine bills of lading 海運提單
shipping order 托運單
blank endorsed 空白背書
endorsed 背書
cargo receipt 承運貨物收據(jù)
condemned goods 有問題的貨物
catalogue 商品目錄
customs liquidation 清關(guān)
customs clearance 結(jié)關(guān)
國際貿(mào)易英語詞匯集錦一
貿(mào)易價格術(shù)語
trade term / price term 價格術(shù)語
world / international market price 國際市場價格
FOB (free on board) 離岸價
C&F (cost and freight) 成本加運費價
CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸價
freight 運費
wharfage 碼頭費
landing charges 卸貨費
customs duty 關(guān)稅
port dues 港口稅
import surcharge 進口附加稅
import variable duties 進口差價稅
commission 傭金
return commission 回傭，回扣
price including commission 含傭價
net price 凈價
wholesale price 批發(fā)價
discount / allowance 折扣
retail price 零售價
spot price 現(xiàn)貨價格
current price 現(xiàn)行價格 / 時價
indicative price 參考價格
customs valuation 海關(guān)估價
price list 價目表
total value 總值
貿(mào)易保險術(shù)語
All Risks 一切險
F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安險
W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水漬險
War Risk 戰(zhàn)爭險
F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋險
Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混雜、玷污險
Risk of Leakage 滲漏險
Risk of Odor 串味險
Risk of Rust 銹蝕險
Shortage Risk 短缺險
T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷竊提貨不著險
Strikes Risk 罷工險
貿(mào)易機構(gòu)詞匯
WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界貿(mào)易組織
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 國際貨幣基金組織
CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 貨幣貿(mào)易理事會
EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 歐洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟
AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)
JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商貿(mào)聯(lián)委會
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易與發(fā)展會議
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定
商務(wù)合同英譯應(yīng)注意的問題(2)
二、慎重處理合同的關(guān)鍵細目
實踐證明，英譯合同中容易出現(xiàn)差錯的地方，一般來說，不是大的陳述性條款。而恰恰是一些關(guān)鍵的細目．比如：金錢、時間、數(shù)量等。為了避免出差錯，在英譯合同時，常常使用一些有限定作用的結(jié)構(gòu)來界定細目所指定的確切范圍。
3.1 限定責任
眾所周知，合同中要明確規(guī)定雙方的責任。為英譯出雙方責任的權(quán)限與范圍，常常使用連詞和介詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)把最常用的此類結(jié)構(gòu)舉例說明如下。
3.1.1 and/or
常用 and/or 英譯合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的內(nèi)容，這樣就可避免漏譯其中的一部分。
例 9：如果上述貨物對船舶和（或）船上其它貨物造成任何損害，托運人應(yīng)負全責。
The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the
ship and/or cargo on buard.
3.1.2 by and between
常用 by and between 強調(diào)合同是由“雙方”簽訂的，因此雙方必須嚴格履行合同所賦于的責任。
例 10：買賣雙方同意按下述條款購買出售下列商品并簽訂本合同。
This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the
Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned
commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.
3.2 限定時間
英譯與時間有關(guān)的文字，都應(yīng)非常嚴格慎重地處理，因為合同對時間的要求是準確無誤。所以英譯起止時間時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來限定準確的時間。
3.2.1 雙介詞
用雙介詞英譯含當天日期在內(nèi)的起止時間。
例 11；自9月2O日起，甲方已無權(quán)接受任何定單或收據(jù)。
Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any
account on and after September 20.
例 12：我公司的條件是，3 個月內(nèi)，即不得晚于5月1日，支付現(xiàn)金。
Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.
3.2.2 not(no)later than
用“not (no) later than +日期”英譯“不遲于某月某日”。
例 13：本合同簽字之日一個月內(nèi)，即不遲于12月15日，你方須將貨物裝船。
Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this
Contract, i.e. not later than December 15.
3.2.3 include 的相應(yīng)形式
常用 include 的相應(yīng)形式：inclusive、including 和 included，來限定含當日在內(nèi)的時間。
例 14：本證在北京議付，有效期至1月1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing.
(or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in
Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在內(nèi)，英譯為 till and not including January 1。
3.3 限定金額
為避免金額數(shù)量的差漏、偽造或涂改，英譯時常用以下措施嚴格把關(guān)。
3.3.1.大寫文字重復(fù)金額
英譯金額須在小寫之后，在括號內(nèi)用大寫文字重復(fù)該金額，即使原文合同中沒有大寫，英譯時也有必要加上大寫。在大寫文字前加上“SAY”，意為“大寫”；在最后加上“ONLY”。意思為“整”。必須注意：小寫與大寫的金額數(shù)量要一致。
例 16：聘方須每月付給受聘方美元 500 元整。
Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED
US DOLLARS ONLY).
3.3.2. 正確使用貨幣符號
英譯金額必須注意區(qū)分和正確使用各種不同的貨幣名稱符號?！?”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣；而“￡”不僅代表“英鎊”，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣。
必須注意：當金額用數(shù)字書寫時，金額數(shù)字必須緊*貨幣符號，例如：Can $891,568，不能寫成：Can $
891,568。另外，翻譯的還要特別注意金額中是小數(shù)點 （.） 還是分節(jié)號（,），因為這兩個符號極易引起筆誤，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪設(shè)想的。
商務(wù)合同英譯應(yīng)注意的問題(1)
前言
英譯商務(wù)合同貌似簡單，實則不然。商務(wù)合同是一種特殊的應(yīng)用文體，重在記實，用詞行文的一大特點就是準確與嚴謹。
本文擬運用翻譯教學(xué)中所積累的英譯商務(wù)合同的實例，從三個方面論述如何從大處著眼、小處著手、力求準確嚴謹英譯商務(wù)合同。
一、酌情使用公文語慣用副詞
商務(wù)合同屬于法律性公文，所以英譯時，有些詞語要用公文語詞語、特別是酌情使用英語慣用的一套公文語副詞，就會起到使譯文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹、邏輯嚴密、言簡意賅的作用。但是從一些合同的英文譯本中發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種公文語副同常被普通詞語所代替，從而影響到譯文的質(zhì)量。
實際上，這種公文語慣用副同為數(shù)并不多，而已構(gòu)詞簡單易記。常用的這類副詞是由 here、there、where 等副詞分別加上
after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副詞，構(gòu)成一體化形式的公文語副詞。例如：
從此以后、今后：hereafter；
此后、以后：thereafter；
在其上：thereonthereupon；
在其下：thereunder；
對于這個：hereto；
對于那個：whereto；
在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore；
在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow；
在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；
在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter．
現(xiàn)用兩個實例，說明在英譯合同中如何酌情使用上述副詞。
例 1：本合同自買方和建造方簽署之日生效。
This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by
the Buyer and the Builder.
例 2：下述簽署人同意在中國制造新產(chǎn)品，其品牌以此為合適。
The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade
name is more appropriate are made in China.
出席商務(wù)會議的常用英語
The following phrases are used to participate in a meeting. These
phrases are useful for expressing your ideas and giving input to a
meeting.
Getting the Chairperson's Attention 引起會議主席的注意
(Mister/Madam) chairman.
May I have a word?
If I may, I think...
Excuse me for interrupting.
May I come in here?
Giving Opinions 表達意見
I'm positive that...
I (really) feel that...
In my opinion...
The way I see things...
If you ask me,... I tend to think that...
Asking for Opinions 詢問意見
Are you positive that...
Do you (really) think that...
(name of participant) can we get your input?
How do you feel about...?
Commenting 做出評論
That's interesting .
I never thought about it that way before.
Good point!
I get your point.
I see what you mean.
Agreeing 表示同意
I totally agree with you.
Exactly!
That's (exactly) the way I feel.
I have to agree with (name of participant).
Disagreeing 表示異議
Unfortunately, I see it differently.
Up to a point I agree with you, but...
(I'm afraid) I can't agree
Advising and Suggesting 提出建議
Let's...
We should...
Why don't you....
How/What about...
I suggest/recommend that...
Clarifying 澄清
Let me spell out...
Have I made that clear?
Do you see what I'm getting at?
Let me put this another way...
I'd just like to repeat that...
Requesting Information 請求信息
Please, could you...
I'd like you to...
Would you mind...
I wonder if you could...
Asking for Repetition 請求重復(fù)
I'm afraid I didn't understand that. Could you repeat what you just
said?
I didn't catch that. Could you repeat that, please?
I missed that. Could you say it again, please?
Could you run that by me one more time?
Asking for Clarification 要求澄清
I don't quite follow you. What exactly do you mean?
I'm afraid I don't quite understand what your are getting at.
Could you explain to me how that is going to work?
I don't see what you mean. Could we have some more details, please?
Asking for Verification 請求確認
You did say next week, didn't you? ('did' is stressed)
Do you mean that...?
Is it true that...?
Asking for Spelling 請求拼寫
Could you spell that, please?
Would you mind spelling that for me, please?
Asking for Contributions 請求賜教
We haven't heard from you yet, (name of participant).
What do you think about this proposal?
Would you like to add anything, (name of participant)?
Has anyone else got anything to contribute?
Are there any more comments?
Correcting Information 更正
Sorry, I think you misunderstood what I said.
Sorry, that's not quite right.
I'm afraid you don't understand what I'm saying.
That's not quite what I had in mind.
That's not what I meant.
Keeping the Meeting On Target (time, relevance, decisions) 轉(zhuǎn)入正題
We're running short of time.
Well, that seems to be all the time we have today.
Please be brief.
I'm afraid we've run out of time.
I'm afraid that's outside the scope of this meeting.
Let's get back on track, why don't we?
That's not really why we're here today.
Why don't we return to the main focus of today's meeting.
We'll have to leave that to another time.
We're beginning to lose sight of the main point.
Keep to the point, please.
I think we'd better leave that for another meeting.
Are we ready to make a decision?
商貿(mào)文書中常見英語翻譯錯誤幾例(下)
6.我公司出口工業(yè)產(chǎn)品、化工產(chǎn)品、醫(yī)藥等。
原譯文：Our company exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines and
etc..
注：etc.等于and so on或and others，已含有and的成分，上述譯文無需加上and一詞。應(yīng)譯為：Our company
exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines, etc..
7.我們將委托貴公司作為我公司在毛里求斯的業(yè)務(wù)代理。
原譯文：We hereby entrust your company to be our business agent in
Mauritius.
注：entrust一詞在作委托解時用法為entrust somebody with something or entrust something
to somebody。應(yīng)譯為：
We hereby appoint your company to be our business agent in Mauritius.
8.本合同簽訂之后，簽約雙方中任何一方不得將合同內(nèi)容泄露給第三方。
原譯文：Any of the two parties can not divulge the contents of the contract
to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.
注：雙方中任何一方為either of the two parties，三方（或三方以上）中任何一方才用any of the
parties，因本句為否定句，應(yīng)譯為：Neither of the two parties can divulge the contents of
the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.
9.在雙方簽約之后，各方將嚴格遵守本協(xié)議。
原譯文：After this agreement is signed by the two parties, all parties shall
strictly abide by it.
注：與上一條相類似，在協(xié)議當事方為三方（或三方以上）時，各方為all parties，而當事方為兩方時應(yīng)用both parties。應(yīng)譯為：
After this agreement is signed by the two parties, both parties shall
strictly abide by it.
商貿(mào)文書中常見英語翻譯錯誤幾例(上)
在一些由中文翻譯的英語樣本、合同、廣告和其他文件材料中常見一些翻譯錯誤，現(xiàn)僅舉幾個出現(xiàn)頻率較高的例子，試作分析，謹供讀者朋友參考。
1.由港澳國際投資公司投資的?？陔娬竟こ桃蚱浣ㄔO(shè)速度和質(zhì)量得到高度評價。
原譯文：The Haikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-Macau
International Investment Co, Ltd. was highly appraised for its
construction speed and quality.
注：投資某項工程應(yīng)為invest in a project，在被動語態(tài)中不能漏去前置詞in。應(yīng)譯為：
The Haikou Power Station Project invested in（在某些情況下可用financed or funded）
by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd. was highly
appraised for its construction speed and quality.
2.上海SFECO擁有5個控股子公司。
原譯文：Shanghai SFECO Group has 5 share-holding companies.
注：share-holding company指控制或持有某公司股權(quán)的股東公司。上述譯文意思是5個公司持有Shanghai SFECO
Group的股份，換句話說，這5個公司是“老子”公司，因此顯然不符合中文原意。
應(yīng)譯為：
Shanghai SFECO Group is a holding company of 5 subsidiary companies.
或Shanghai SFECO Group holds shares of 5 subsidiary companies.
3.中國民生銀行有限公司
原譯文：China Minsheng Banking Corporation, Ltd.
注：corporation本身即為有限公司，相當于limited company，英譯中無需再加“Ltd”。應(yīng)譯為：
China Minsheng Banking Corporation
4.項目中標之后，我們將立即開始前期準備工作。
原譯文：After the bid is awarded, we shall immediately start our
advance-phase preparation.
注：項目中標應(yīng)為accept a bid or award the contract。顯然上述譯文把兩種表達法相混淆了。應(yīng)譯為：
After the bid is accepted (or the contract is awarded), we shall
immediately start our advance-phase preparation.
5.歡迎您參觀我們交易會
原譯文：Welcome you to visit our fair!
注：譯文中welcome是動詞，因此此句是祈使句形式，省略的主語為第二人稱你（你們），而不是中文所含的我（我們）之意。應(yīng)譯為：
We welcome you to visit our trade fair!
更簡潔而地道的譯法是：Welcome to our trade fair!
澳大利亞聯(lián)邦汽車工業(yè)商會將摩托車細分為全用途摩托車(All Terrain Vehicles,
ATV's)和兩輪摩托車兩大類，后者又可細分為電動腳踏車(Scooter)、游樂車(Fun)、路用車(Road Motor
Cycle)和越野車(off-Road Motor Cycle)。其中，Scooter又可分為以下幾種（For more details, please
visit: http://www.scootermaker.com）：
Baby Scooter 兒童踏板車
Disabled Scooter 殘障人車
E-Scooter 電動踏板車
Electric Scooter 電動踏板車
Flying Shoes 飛行鞋
Folding Scooter 折疊踏板車
Freestyle Scooter 極限時髦踏板車
Gas//Gasoline Scooter 汽動踏板車//汽油踏板車//汽油機踏板車
Golf Scooter 高爾夫球車
Harly Scooter 哈利車//太子車//汽油小跑車
Kick Scooter 四輪滑板
www.cloudke.comMini Chopper 小型摩托車
Mini Scooter 迷你踏板車
Mobility Scooter 電動踏板車
Moped Scooter 電動助力車//機動腳踏兩用車
Motor Scooter 小型摩托車
Pocket Scooter 迷你踏板車
Push Scooter 踏板車
Razor Scooter 勁爆單腳踏板車
Scooter 踏板車
Sea Scooter 水上踏板車//滑水車
Skate Scooter 四輪滑板
Snow Scooter 雪上踏板車//滑雪車
Surfing Scooter 沖浪式電動踏板車//沖浪車
Swing Scooter 搖擺踏板車
Three-Wheels Scooter 三輪踏板車
Trike Swing Scooter 三輪搖擺踏板車
Tri-Scooter 三輪踏板車
Waver Scooter 搖擺踏板車
相關(guān)詞匯：
China Scooter 中國踏板車
China Scooter Exporter 中國踏板車出口商
China Scooter Producers 中國踏板車生產(chǎn)商
China Scooter Suppliers 中國踏板車供貨商
Scooter China Exporter 中國踏板車出口商
Scooter China Producers 中國踏板車生產(chǎn)商
Scooter China Suppliers 中國踏板車供貨商
Scooter Exporter 踏板車出口商
Scooter Exporter China 中國踏板車出口商
Scooter Exporters 踏板車出口商
Scooter Factories 踏板車工廠
Scooter Factory 踏板車工廠
Scooter Manufacturer 踏板車制造廠家
Scooter Manufacturers 踏板車制造商
Scooter Manufacturing 踏板車制造
Scooter Producer 踏板車生產(chǎn)商
Scooter Producers 踏板車生產(chǎn)商
Scooter Producers China 中國踏板車生產(chǎn)商
Scooter Product 踏板車產(chǎn)品
Scooter Products 踏板車產(chǎn)品
Scooter Supplier 踏板車供貨商
Scooter Suppliers 踏板車供貨商
Scooter Suppliers China 中國踏板車供貨商
China Zhejiang Yongkang Scooter Suppliers
對外貿(mào)易常用英語(1)
They mainly trade with Japanese firms.
他們主要和日本商行進行貿(mào)易。
For the past five years, we have done a lot of trade with your company.
在過去的五年中，我們與貴國進行了罅康拿騁住?/P>
Our trade is conducted on the basis of equality.
我們是在平等的基礎(chǔ)上進行貿(mào)易。
There has been a slowdown in the wool trade with you.
和你們的羊毛貿(mào)易已有所減少。
Our foreign trade is continuously expanding.
我們的對外貿(mào)易不斷發(fā)展。
Trade in leather has gone up (down) 3%.
皮革貿(mào)易上升（下降）了百分之三。
Trade in general is improving.
貿(mào)易情況正在好轉(zhuǎn)。
Our company mainly trades in arts and crafts.
我們公司主要經(jīng)營手工藝品。
They are well-known in trade circles.
他們在貿(mào)易界很有名望。
We trade with people in all countries on the basis of equality and mutual
benefit.
我們在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上和各國人民進行貿(mào)易。
To respect the local custom of the buying country is one important aspect
of China's foreign policy.
尊重買方國家的風俗習慣是我國貿(mào)易政策的一個重要方面。
Our purpose is to explore the possibilities of developing trade with you.
我們的目的是和你們探討一下發(fā)展貿(mào)易的可能性。
Words and Phrases
foreign trade 對外貿(mào)易
overseas trade 海外貿(mào)易
international trade 國際貿(mào)易
to trade with 和……進行貿(mào)易
to do business in a moderate way 做生意穩(wěn)重
to do business in a sincere way 做生意誠懇
to make a deal 做一筆交易
deal 交易，經(jīng)營，處理，與……交往
to deal in 經(jīng)營，做生意
to explore the possibilities of 探討……的可能性
trade circles 貿(mào)易界
to handle 經(jīng)營某商品
to trade in 經(jīng)營某商品
business scope/frame 經(jīng)營范圍
trading firm/house 貿(mào)易行，商行
對外貿(mào)易常用英語(2)
Can we do a barter trade?
咱們能不能做一筆易貨貿(mào)易呢？
Is it still a direct barter trade?
這還算是一種直接的易貨貿(mào)易嗎？
If you agree to our proposal of a barter trade, we'll give you paper in
exchange for your timber.
如果你方同意我們進行易貨貿(mào)易的建議，我們將用紙與你們交換木材。
Shall we sign a triangle trade agreement?
我們訂一個三角貿(mào)易協(xié)議好嗎？
A triangle trade can be carried out among the three of us.
我們?nèi)娇蛇M行三角貿(mào)易。
Compensation trade is, in fact, a kind of loan.
補償貿(mào)易實際上是一種信貸。
We may agree to do processing trade with you.
我們同意與你們進行來料加工貿(mào)易。
If you're interested in leasing trade, please let us know.
如果你們有意做租賃貿(mào)易，請告訴我們。
We wonder whether you do counter trade.
我們不知道你們是否做抵償貿(mào)易。
Words and Phrases
trade by commodities 商品貿(mào)易
visible trade 有形貿(mào)易
invisible trade 無形貿(mào)易
barter trade 易貨貿(mào)易
bilateral trade 雙邊貿(mào)易
triangle trade 三角貿(mào)易
multilateral trade 多邊貿(mào)易
counter trade 對銷貿(mào)易；抵償貿(mào)易
counter purchase 互購貿(mào)易
buy-back 回購貿(mào)易
compensation trade 補償貿(mào)易
processing trade 來料加工貿(mào)易
assembling trade 來料裝配貿(mào)易
leasing trade 租賃貿(mào)易
in exchange for 用……交換……
trade agreement 貿(mào)易協(xié)議
