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接下來(lái),我們就來(lái)看看第57課的“每課一句”。
Lesson 57 An unusual day
It is eight o'clock. The children go to school by car every day, but today, they are going to school on foot.
It is ten o'clock. Mrs. Sawyer usually stays at home in the morning, but this morning, she is going to the shops.
It is four o’clock. In the afternoon, Mrs. Sawyer usually drinks tea in the living room. But this afternoon, she is drinking tea in the garden.
It is six o’clock. In the evening, the children usually do their homework, but this evening, they are not doing their homework. At the moment, they are playing in the garden.
It is nine o’clock. Mr. Sawyer usually reads his newspaper at night. But he is not reading his newspaper tonight. At the moment, he is reading an interesting book.
——選自《新概念英語(yǔ)》第一冊(cè),外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社,1997年10月第1版
本課主要是復(fù)習(xí)對(duì)比一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法,需要注意這兩種時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞及其動(dòng)詞的形式變化。
1、標(biāo)志詞
常見(jiàn)的是頻度副詞(也叫頻率副詞),如:
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never
也有頻率更高的表達(dá),即every系列,如:
every day, every week, every Saturday
此外,today、tonight以及this系列的時(shí)間(如this morning),也常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2、動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)
因?yàn)槭軡h語(yǔ)的影響,很多人在使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候,如果主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),是比較容易出錯(cuò)的,他們往往會(huì)忘了要在動(dòng)詞后面進(jìn)行第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的形式變化。
常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則是:
1、直接在動(dòng)詞后加-s,如:
work - works
play - plays
rain - rains
2、在動(dòng)詞后加-es,但這種情況分以下幾種規(guī)則:
1)在以-sh/-x/-ch/-s/-ss結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后,如:
wash - washes
fix - fixes
watch - watches
miss - misses
2)在以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后,先改y為i,再加-es,如:
study - studies
cry - cries
fly - flies
3)以“輔音字母+o”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后,如:
go - goes
do - does
veto - vetoes
【注意】
動(dòng)詞have的三單是特殊的,要直接變?yōu)閔as。
1、標(biāo)志詞
常見(jiàn)的有:
now
at the moment
Look/Listen等呼語(yǔ)
2、動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞主要有以下變化規(guī)則:
1、直接加-ing,如:
work - working
play - playing
rain - raining
2、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去e,再加-ing,如:
take - taking
arrive - arriving
joke - joking
3、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ing,如:
stop - stopping
run - running
swim - swimming
【注意】
die、lie、tie等動(dòng)詞,要先改-ie為y,然后再加-ing。如:
die - dying
lie - lying
tie - tying
要注意動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)的詞尾-s或-es的發(fā)音規(guī)則。
(一)-s的發(fā)音
一般情況下,-s的發(fā)音遵循“清清濁元濁”的原則,即:
1、-s如果接在清輔音后面,則讀作清輔音/s/,如:works,其中的-k讀作清輔音/k/,所以-s讀作清輔音/s/。
2、-s如果接在濁輔音或元音后面,則讀作濁輔音/z/,如:plays和rains,其中的-ay和-n分別讀作元音/e?/和濁輔音/n/,所以-s讀作濁輔音/z/。
【注意】
如果-s接在以t或d結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后面,則會(huì)與t或d一起發(fā)音,t和s讀作/ts/,d和s讀作/dz/,如:
cuts [k?ts]
rides [ra?dz]
(二)-es的發(fā)音
其常見(jiàn)的發(fā)音規(guī)則是:
1、在以-sh/-x/-ch/-s/-ss結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后,讀作/?z/,如:
washes [w???z]
fixes [f?ks?z]
watches [w?t??z]
misses [m?s??z]
2、在以“輔音字母+y”和以“輔音字母+o”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后,讀作/z/,如:
studies ['st?diz]
goes [ɡ??z]
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