So I want to talk today about money and happiness, which are two things a lot of us spend a lot of our time thinking about, either trying to earn them or trying to increase them. And a lot of us resonate with this phrase, we see it in religions and self-help books: money can't buy happiness. And I want to suggest today that, in fact, that's wrong.
I'm at a business school, so that's what we do. So that's wrong, and in fact, if you think that, you're just not spending it right. So instead of spending it the way you usually spend it, maybe if you spent it differently, that might work a little bit better. Before I tell you the ways you can spend it that will make you happier, let's think about the ways we usually spend it that don't, in fact, make us happier. We had a little natural experiment. So CNN, a little while ago, wrote this interesting article on what happens to people when they win the lottery. It turns out people think when they win the lottery their lives will be amazing. This article's about how their lives get ruined. What happens when people win the lottery is, one, they spend all the money and go into debt; and two, all of their friends and everyone they've ever met find them and bug them for money. It ruins their social relationships, in fact. So they have more debt and worse friendships than they had before they won the lottery.
What was interesting about the article was, people started commenting on the article, readers of the thing. And instead of talking about how it made them realize that money doesn't lead to happiness, everyone started saying, "You know what I'd do if I won the lottery ...?" and fantasizing about what they'd do. Here's just two of the ones we saw that are interesting to think about. One person wrote, "When I win, I'm going to buy my own little mountain and have a little house on top."
And another person wrote, "I would fill a big bathtub with money and get in the tub while smoking a big fat cigar and sipping a glass of champagne." This is even worse: "... then I'd have a picture taken and dozens of glossies made. Anyone begging for money or trying to extort from me would receive a copy of the picture and nothing else."
And so many of the comments were exactly of this type, where people got money and, in fact, it made them antisocial. So I told you it ruins people's lives and their friends bug them. Also, money often makes us feel very selfish and we do things only for ourselves. We thought maybe the reason money doesn't make us happy is that we're spending it on the wrong things; in particular, we're always spending it on ourselves. And we wondered what would happen if we made people spend more of their money on others. So instead of being antisocial with your money, what if you were more pro-social with it?
We thought, let's make people do it and see what happens. Let's have some people do what they usually do, spend money on themselves, and let's make some people give money away, and measure their happiness and see if, in fact, they get happier. The first way we did this was, one Vancouver morning, we went out on the campus at University of British Columbia, approached people and said, "Do you want to be in an experiment?" They said, "Yes." We asked them how happy they were, and then gave them an envelope. One of the envelopes had things in it that said, "By 5pm today, spend this money on yourself." We gave some examples of what you could spend it on. Other people got a slip of paper that said, "By 5pm today, spend this money on somebody else." Also inside the envelope was money.
And we manipulated how much money we gave them; some people got this slip of paper and five dollars, some got this slip of paper and 20 dollars. We let them go about their day and do whatever they wanted. We found out they did spend it in the way we asked them to. We called them up and asked them, "What did you spend it on? How happy do you feel now?" What did they spend it on? These are college undergrads; a lot of what they spent it on for themselves were things like earrings and makeup. One woman said she bought a stuffed animal for her niece. People gave money to homeless people. Huge effect here of Starbucks.
So if you give undergraduates five dollars, it looks like coffee to them, and they run over to Starbucks and spend it as fast as they can. Some people bought coffee for themselves, the way they usually would, but others bought coffee for somebody else. So the very same purchase, just targeted toward yourself or targeted toward somebody else. What did we find when we called at the end of the day? People who spent money on others got happier; people who spent it on themselves, nothing happened. It didn't make them less happy, it just didn't do much for them.
The other thing we saw is the amount of money doesn't matter much. People thought 20 dollars would be way better than five. In fact, it doesn't matter how much money you spent. What really matters is that you spent it on somebody else rather than on yourself. We see this again and again when we give people money to spend on others instead of on themselves. Of course, these are undergraduates in Canada -- not the world's most representative population. They're also fairly wealthy and affluent and other sorts of things.
We wanted to see if this holds true everywhere in the world or just among wealthy countries. So we went to Uganda and ran a very similar experiment. Imagine, instead of just people in Canada, we say, "Name the last time you spent money on yourself or others. Describe it. How happy did it make you?" Or in Uganda, "Name the last time you spent money on yourself or others and describe that." Then we asked them how happy they are, again. And what we see is sort of amazing, because there's human universals on what you do with your money, and real cultural differences on what you do as well. So for example, one guy from Uganda says this: "I called a girl I wished to love." They basically went out on a date, and he says at the end that he didn't "achieve" her up till now.
Human universal: you spend money on others, you're being nice. Maybe you have something in mind, maybe not. But then we see extraordinary differences. So look at these two. This is a woman from Canada. We say, "Name a time you spent money on somebody else." She says, "I bought a present for my mom. I drove to the mall, bought a present, gave it to my mom." Perfectly nice thing to do. It's good to get gifts for people you know. Compare that to this woman from Uganda: "I was walking and met a longtime friend whose son was sick with malaria. They had no money, they went to a clinic and I gave her this money." This isn't $10,000, it's the local currency. So it's a very small amount of money, in fact. But enormously different motivations here. This is a real medical need, literally a lifesaving donation. Above, it's just kind of, I bought a gift for my mother.
What we see again, though, is that the specific way you spend on other people isn't nearly as important as the fact that you spend on other people in order to make yourself happy, which is really quite important. So you don't have to do amazing things with your money to make yourself happy. You can do small, trivial things and still get the benefits from doing this. These are only two countries. We wanted to look at every country in the world if we could, to see what the relationship is between money and happiness.
We got data from the Gallup Organization, which you know from all the political polls happening lately. They asked people, "Did you donate money to charity recently?" and, "How happy are you with life in general?" We can see what the relationship is between those two things. Are they positively correlated, giving money makes you happy? Or are they negatively correlated? On this map, green will mean they're positively correlated, red means they're negatively correlated. And you can see, the world is crazily green. So in almost every country in the world where we have this data, people who give money to charity are happier people than people who don't give money to charity. I know you're looking at the red country in the middle. I would be a jerk and not tell you what it is, but it's Central African Republic. You can make up stories. Maybe it's different there for some reason. Just below that to the right is Rwanda, though, which is amazingly green.
So almost everywhere we look, we see that giving money away makes you happier than keeping it for yourself. What about work, which is where we spend the rest of our time, when we're not with the people we know. We decided to infiltrate some companies and do a very similar thing. These are sales teams in Belgium. They work in teams, go out and sell to doctors and try to get them to buy drugs. We can look and see how well they sell things as a function of being a member of a team. We give people on some teams some money "Spend it however you want on yourself," just like we did with the undergrads in Canada. To other teams we say, "Here's 15 euro. Spend it on one of your teammates. Buy them something as a gift and give it to them. Then we can see, we've got teams that spend on themselves and these pro-social teams who we give money to make the team better. The reason I have a ridiculous pinata there is one team pooled their money and bought a pinata, they smashed the pinata, the candy fell out and things like that. A silly, trivial thing to do, but think of the difference on a team that didn't do that at all, that got 15 euro, put it in their pocket, maybe bought themselves a coffee, or teams that had this pro-social experience where they bonded together to buy something and do a group activity. What we see is that the teams that are pro-social sell more stuff than the teams that only got money for themselves.
One way to think of it is: for every 15 euro you give people for themselves, they put it in their pocket and don't do anything different than before. You don't get money from that; you lose money, since it doesn't motivate them to perform better. But when you give them 15 euro to spend on their teammates, they do so much better on their teams that you actually get a huge win on investing this kind of money.
You're probably thinking to yourselves, this is all fine, but there's a context that's incredibly important for public policy, and I can't imagine it would work there. And if he doesn't show me that it works here, I don't believe anything he said. I know what you're all thinking about are dodgeball teams.
This was a huge criticism that we got, that if you can't show it with dodgeball teams, this is all stupid. So we went and found these dodgeball teams and infiltrated them, and did the exact same thing as before. So we give people on some teams money to spend on themselves. Other teams, we give them money to spend on their dodgeball teammates. The teams that spend money on themselves have the same winning percentages as before. The teams we give the money to spend on each other become different teams; they dominate the league by the time they're done.
Across all of these different contexts -- your personal life, you work life, even things like intramural sports -- we see spending on other people has a bigger return for you than spending on yourself. So if you think money can't buy happiness, you're not spending it right. The implication isn't you should buy this product instead of that product, and that's the way to make yourself happier. It's that you should stop thinking about which product to buy for yourself, and try giving some of it to other people instead.
And we luckily have an opportunity for you. DonorsChoose.org is a nonprofit for mainly public school teachers in low-income schools. They post projects like, "I want to teach Huckleberry Finn and we don't have the books," or, "I want a microscope to teach my students science and we don't have a microscope." You and I can go on and buy it for them. The teacher and the kids write you thank-you notes, sometimes they send pictures of them using the microscope. It's an extraordinary thing.
我今天想講的是有關(guān)金錢(qián)與快樂(lè) 這是兩樣我們 經(jīng)?；ê芏鄷r(shí)間去想的事情 一是要如何賺取它們或是讓它們變更多 而很多人對(duì)這句話很有共嗚 我們可以在宗教或自助手冊(cè)中看到 "金錢(qián)是買(mǎi)不到快樂(lè)的" 而我今天想告訴大家，事實(shí)上，這是錯(cuò)的 (笑) 我是在商學(xué)院工作，而研究這些是我們的工作 以上那句是錯(cuò)的。若你想清楚其實(shí) 你只是沒(méi)有把金錢(qián)花得對(duì) 所以，與其花在你經(jīng)?；ǖ牡胤窖e 你可能要花在不同的地方 這可能會(huì)有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的幫助 在我告訴你們要如何花錢(qián)才能令你更快樂(lè)之前 試想想你平常是怎樣花錢(qián) 而沒(méi)有讓你更快樂(lè) 我們做了一個(gè)小小的自然實(shí)驗(yàn) CNN，前陣子，有一篇很有趣的文章 是人們?cè)谮A得樂(lè)透後會(huì)變成怎樣 結(jié)果是其他人都認(rèn)為那些人的生活定必變成更美好 而那篇文章是有關(guān)他們的生活如何變得糟糕 那些中了樂(lè)透的人究竟發(fā)生什麼事情呢 第一，他們把所有的錢(qián)花光還欠了一身債 第二，所有曾經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)他們的朋友 都來(lái)問(wèn)他們要錢(qián) 而這影響他們的社交關(guān)係 因此相比他們?cè)谥歇?jiǎng)之前 他們有更多的債和更差的友誼 這篇文章有趣的地方是 其他人開(kāi)始回應(yīng)這篇文章 他們不是談?wù)撨@篇文章如何 讓他們明白金錢(qián)沒(méi)有帶給他們快樂(lè) 每一個(gè)人卻是馬上地開(kāi)始說(shuō) 若然我中了樂(lè)透，我會(huì)如何如何.... 並開(kāi)始幻想他們會(huì)做的事情 而這是其中兩個(gè)值得我們想一想的回應(yīng) 一人寫(xiě)著"若然我中了樂(lè)透，我會(huì)買(mǎi)下一座小山 然後在山上建一個(gè)小房子。" (笑) 而另一人寫(xiě)著"我會(huì)把錢(qián)填滿一個(gè)大浴缸， 然後走進(jìn)浴缸抽一支大雪茄 和啜飲一杯香檳。" 而這個(gè)更差：我會(huì)拍一張照片 然後印出幾打。 那些向我索錢(qián)或嘗試向我敲詐的人 將只會(huì)得到這張相片而不會(huì)有其他。 (笑) 大部份的評(píng)語(yǔ)都是這一類的 人們得到金錢(qián) 事實(shí)上，令他們變得反社會(huì)。 所以我告訴你中獎(jiǎng)會(huì)令人的生活更差而他們的朋友也開(kāi)始煩擾他們 金錢(qián)往往令我們變得更自私 而我們只會(huì)顧著自己 金錢(qián)不會(huì)令我們更快樂(lè)可能是因?yàn)?/a> 我們時(shí)常把金錢(qián)用在錯(cuò)誤的地方 尤其是我們經(jīng)常把金錢(qián)用在自己身上 我很想知道 若我們把更多的金錢(qián)用在其他人的身上會(huì)怎樣 與其有了錢(qián)而變得反社會(huì) 不如有了錢(qián)後變得更親社會(huì) 我們便想：讓我們令他們這樣做,看看會(huì)是什麼結(jié)果。 我們讓一些人做他們平常做的 把錢(qián)花在自己身上 然後令一些人把錢(qián)分掉 然後量度他們的快樂(lè)，看看他們實(shí)際上是否變得更快樂(lè) 我們首先是這樣做的 在溫哥華的一個(gè)早上，我們走到 英屬哥倫比亞大學(xué)的校園 我們找人問(wèn)他們是否願(yuàn)意參加一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn) 他們都說(shuō)："好的?！?/a> 我們問(wèn)他們現(xiàn)在有多快樂(lè)，然後給他們一個(gè)信封 而其中一個(gè)信封內(nèi)有紙條寫(xiě)著 在今天下午五時(shí)前把金錢(qián)花在自己的身上 我們給了他們一些例子 而那天早上另外的人卻得到一張紙條寫(xiě)著 在今天下午五時(shí)前把金錢(qián)花在其他人身上 信封裡面同樣放了金錢(qián) 我們巧妙地操控我們給予的金額 有些人得到字條和五加元 而有些人得到字條和二十加元 我們讓他們自由地過(guò)他們的一天，任由他們做想做的事情 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們依照我們要他們所做的去做 我們晚上致電給他們問(wèn)他們： “你們把錢(qián)花在哪裡，現(xiàn)在你有多快樂(lè)？” 他們究竟把錢(qián)花在哪裡呢? 他們都是大學(xué)的本科生，所以那些花在自己身上的 都是買(mǎi)一些耳環(huán)、化妝品之類的東西上 有一個(gè)女人說(shuō)她花錢(qián)買(mǎi)了一個(gè)布娃娃給她姪女 有些人把錢(qián)給了無(wú)家可歸者 這裡也有星巴克式的巨大效應(yīng) (笑) 如果你給這些大學(xué)生五元就好像給他們一杯咖啡 他們會(huì)跑到星巴克以最快的速度把它花掉 但有些人會(huì)把咖啡買(mǎi)給自己，這是普遍的做法 而有些人說(shuō)他們會(huì)買(mǎi)咖啡給別人 所以同樣的消費(fèi) 目的可以是為了自己 或者為了別人 想知我們當(dāng)天完結(jié)時(shí)打給他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了什麼嗎? 那些把錢(qián)花在其他人身上的人更快樂(lè) 那些把錢(qián)花在自己身上的人沒(méi)有分別 那樣沒(méi)有讓他們不快樂(lè)，只是沒(méi)有對(duì)他們產(chǎn)生影響 第二個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是金錢(qián)的數(shù)額影響不大 有些人會(huì)認(rèn)為二十元會(huì)比五元好很多 但事實(shí)上，你能花多少是沒(méi)有影響的 有影響的是你花在其他人身上 而不是自己身上 當(dāng)我們給錢(qián)要他們把金錢(qián)花在其他人而不在自己身上 這個(gè)結(jié)果我們重覆又重覆地見(jiàn)到 當(dāng)然他們是加拿大的大學(xué)生 並不是世界上很有代表性的一群人 他們也蠻有錢(qián)和富裕等等 我們想知道這個(gè)理論是否在世界各地都成立 或是只在富裕的國(guó)家 因此我們到了烏干達(dá)做了一個(gè)類似的實(shí)驗(yàn) 試想想，並不只是在加拿大的人 我們問(wèn)：“你們上一次花費(fèi)是在自己身上還是他人身上 說(shuō)一說(shuō)。它帶給你多少快樂(lè)?” 而在烏干達(dá)，我們問(wèn)：“說(shuō)一說(shuō)你們上一次花費(fèi) 是花在自己身上還是他人身上?！?/a> 跟著我們?cè)俅螁?wèn)他們有多快樂(lè) 我們所看到的是有些驚人的 因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)祟惾绾位ㄥX(qián)是有共通的地方的 另外又有文化差異影響我們?cè)鯓踊ㄥX(qián) 舉一個(gè)例子 有一個(gè)來(lái)自烏干達(dá)的男子說(shuō) "我打給一個(gè)我喜歡的女孩" 他們經(jīng)常出去約會(huì) 但他說(shuō)到目前為止他仍未"得到"她的歡心 而這個(gè)來(lái)自加拿大的男子 說(shuō)了類似的事情 我?guī)业呐笥殉鋈コ燥垼?/a> 我們?nèi)タ措娪埃覀兒茉珉x場(chǎng)， 然後回到她的房間...吃蛋糕...只是一片蛋糕（沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步發(fā)展） 人類的共通點(diǎn)就是我們花錢(qián)在其他人身上 我們對(duì)他們好 可能我們心裡有一些目的，又可能沒(méi)有 但我們見(jiàn)到非常大的區(qū)別 我們看看這兩個(gè)例子 她是一個(gè)來(lái)自加拿大的女人 我們問(wèn)：“試說(shuō)出你把錢(qián)花在別人身上的例子?！?/a> 她說(shuō)：“我買(mǎi)了一件禮物給我的媽媽 我駕車(chē)到一個(gè)商場(chǎng)，買(mǎi)了一件禮物送給我的媽媽?！?/a> 一件非常值得做的事情 給一個(gè)你認(rèn)識(shí)的人一份禮物是很好的 相比這個(gè)來(lái)自烏干達(dá)的女人 “我在街上碰到一個(gè)老朋友 她的兒子患了瘧疾 他們沒(méi)有錢(qián)，他們?nèi)チ嗽\所然後我給了他們這些錢(qián) 那不是一萬(wàn)加元，而是當(dāng)?shù)氐呢泿?/a> 所以事實(shí)上是很少的金錢(qián) 但有很大不同的動(dòng)機(jī) 這是真正的醫(yī)療需要 簡(jiǎn)直是救命錢(qián) 上一個(gè)只是買(mǎi)了一份禮物給媽媽 但我們?cè)俅我?jiàn)到的是 用哪一種的方式把錢(qián)用在別人身上 並不是最重要 而是把錢(qián)用在別人身上 能令你快樂(lè) 才是最重要的 所以你不用花錢(qián)做很偉大的事情才會(huì)快樂(lè) 你只要做一些細(xì)微的瑣事也能得到同樣的效果 這只是兩個(gè)國(guó)家 我們希望去得更廣，可以的話看看每一個(gè)國(guó)家裡 金錢(qián)和快樂(lè)的關(guān)係 我們從蓋洛普組織得到數(shù)據(jù) 那是讓我們知道最近發(fā)生的政治數(shù)據(jù)的機(jī)構(gòu) 他們問(wèn)：”最近你有沒(méi)有捐錢(qián)給慈善團(tuán)體呢?“ 亦問(wèn)：”你對(duì)現(xiàn)在的生活總體感覺(jué)有多快樂(lè)呢?“ 而我們從中見(jiàn)到兩者的關(guān)係 它們是否成正比? 即捐錢(qián)會(huì)令你快樂(lè) 還是成反比呢? 在這地圖中，綠色代表正比 而紅色代表反比 如你所見(jiàn)，地圖非常綠 差不多在所有的國(guó)家 從我們得到的數(shù)據(jù)中 那些捐錢(qián)的人比沒(méi)有捐錢(qián)的 更為快樂(lè) 我知道你們會(huì)注意地圖中心那個(gè)紅色的國(guó)家 若我不告訴你們那是哪一個(gè)國(guó)家，我會(huì)是很賴皮的人 事實(shí)上那是中非共和國(guó) 你可以編出很多故事?；蛘吣茄e與眾不同 但在它的右下方是盧旺達(dá) 它是非常綠的 所以差不多所有的地方 我們都見(jiàn)到捐錢(qián)會(huì)比留給自己 令人更快樂(lè) 哪麼你的工作又如何？它佔(zhàn)據(jù)你生命的一大部分 當(dāng)我們不是與我們認(rèn)識(shí)的人在一起 我們想滲入幾間公司進(jìn)行類似的實(shí)驗(yàn) 這是比利時(shí)的一支銷(xiāo)售隊(duì)伍 他們以團(tuán)隊(duì)方式工作，出去尋找業(yè)務(wù)，并賣(mài)給醫(yī)生 試圖說(shuō)服醫(yī)生買(mǎi)藥 我們?nèi)タ纯此麄兊匿N(xiāo)售業(yè)績(jī) 以團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員下賣(mài)得如何 有一些隊(duì)伍，我們給他們個(gè)人一些錢(qián) 並說(shuō)：”把這些錢(qián)隨意地花在你們身上，” 就好像我們叫加拿大的大學(xué)生那樣做 但另一些團(tuán)隊(duì)，我們說(shuō)：“這是十五元?dú)W元 在這個(gè)星期把錢(qián)花在其中一位隊(duì)員身上?！?/a> 給他們買(mǎi)一份禮物，并送給他們 你可以見(jiàn)到，一些隊(duì)伍把錢(qián)花在自己身上 而支持社交的隊(duì)伍 用錢(qián)使團(tuán)隊(duì)更加好 我之所以有一個(gè)可笑的皮納塔 是因?yàn)橛幸恢ш?duì)伍把錢(qián)集合一起買(mǎi)了一個(gè)皮納塔 然後圍在一起把皮納塔打破，所有的糖果散落 這是一件很幼稚的瑣事 但想想另外一支沒(méi)有這樣做的團(tuán)隊(duì)的分別 他們有15元?dú)W元在他們的口袋裡 他們可能給他們自己買(mǎi)一杯咖啡 或那個(gè)有支持社交經(jīng)驗(yàn)的團(tuán)隊(duì) 把錢(qián)合起來(lái)買(mǎi)東西來(lái)做團(tuán)體活動(dòng) 我們見(jiàn)到的是支持社交的團(tuán)隊(duì) 比那只把錢(qián)留著的團(tuán)隊(duì)賣(mài)出更多東西 用一個(gè)方向去想想 我們給團(tuán)隊(duì)的每個(gè)人15歐元 那些把錢(qián)放在自己口袋的人，所做的事情跟以前一樣 你不會(huì)得到任何金錢(qián) 你事實(shí)上失去金錢(qián)因?yàn)樗荒芄膭?lì)他們做得更好 但當(dāng)你把十五元?dú)W羅用在團(tuán)員身上 他們會(huì)在團(tuán)隊(duì)中發(fā)揮得更好 他們把錢(qián)這樣的投放會(huì)得到更大的成功 我想你們或許這樣想 它們都很好 這是對(duì)公共政策非常重要的 但我不認(rèn)為會(huì)可行 如果他不展示給我看會(huì)在那裡可行 我是不會(huì)相信他所說(shuō)的 我知道你們想著躲避球隊(duì)。 (笑) 我們得到一個(gè)巨大的批評(píng) 如果不能顯示在躲避球隊(duì)中，這只是空談 所以我們出去找一支躲避球隊(duì) 然後滲入其中 我們做同樣的事情 所以有一些隊(duì)伍我們給錢(qián)要他們花在自己身上 另外一些團(tuán)隊(duì)我們給他們錢(qián) 要他們花在隊(duì)友身上 那些花錢(qián)在自己身上的隊(duì)伍 他們的獲勝比例跟以前一樣 那些把錢(qián)花在其他人身上的隊(duì)伍 他們變成不同的隊(duì)伍 事實(shí)上這樣做之后他們?cè)诼?lián)賽上稱霸。 因此有不同的背景下 你的私生活，你的工作 甚至乎一些小事情例如校內(nèi)體育活動(dòng) 都可見(jiàn)到把錢(qián)花在其他人身上很 比花在自己身上得到更大的回報(bào) 因此我想若你認(rèn)為金錢(qián)買(mǎi)不到快樂(lè) 你只是沒(méi)有用得其所 關(guān)鍵不是你應(yīng)買(mǎi)這不是那 而這會(huì)令你更快樂(lè) 事實(shí)上你應(yīng)停止想著 買(mǎi)哪一件東西給自己 而是嘗試買(mǎi)東西給別人 這裡你們有一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì) DonorsChoose.org是一個(gè)非牟利機(jī)構(gòu) 主要是為低收入學(xué)校中公共學(xué)校老師所設(shè)。 他們會(huì)公佈一些項(xiàng)目， 例如：我想教哈克貝利費(fèi)恩給我的學(xué)生但我們沒(méi)有書(shū)本 或我需要一個(gè)顯微鏡來(lái)教我的學(xué)生科學(xué) 但我們沒(méi)有顯微鏡 你或我可以去買(mǎi)一個(gè)給他們 那些老師會(huì)寫(xiě)你一個(gè)感謝卡。而孩子也會(huì)寫(xiě)你一個(gè)感謝卡 他們有時(shí)會(huì)寄你一些拍有他們用顯微鏡的照片 這是不可思議的東西 去他們的網(wǎng)頁(yè)然後開(kāi)始 少想一些你如何把錢(qián)花在自己身上 而想多一些若我有五美元或十五元美元 我可為其他人做什麼 因?yàn)楫?dāng)你這樣做最終你會(huì)得到更多益處 謝謝 (拍手)
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