People who are too happy die younger than their more downbeat peers, claims new research。

　　A study which followed children from the 1920s to old age showedthat people who were rated 'highly cheerful' by teachers at school diedyounger than their more reserved classmates。

　　This was because people who were too happy were more likely tosuffer from mental disorders such as bipolar, making them less fearfuland more likely to take risks that increase the chance of having a fatalaccident。

　　Being too cheerful - especially at inappropriate times - can alsorouse anger in others, increasing the risk of a person coming to harm。

　　Researchers from a variety of universities worldwide alsodiscovered that trying too hard to be happy often ended up leavingpeople feeling more depressed than before, as putting an effort intoimproving their mood often left people feeling cheated。

　　And magazine articles offering tips on how to be happy were also blamed for worsening depression。

　　One study saw participants asked to read an article offering waysto improve your mood, and follow one of the tips to see how effective itwas。

　　Participants then took the advice offered - such as watching anupbeat film - often concentrated too hard on trying to improve theirmood rather than letting it lift naturally。

　　This meant that by the time the film had ended, they often feltangry and cheated by the advice given, putting them in a far worse moodthan when they had started watching。

　　However, results of the study, published in the journalPerspectives on Psychological Science, revealed that the key to truehappiness was much more simple: meaningful relationships with friendsand family members。

　　Study co-author Professor June Gruber, from the department ofpsychology at Yale University in the United States, said of people whoactively tried to be happy: 'When you're doing it with the motivation orexpectation that these things ought to make you happy, that can lead todisappointment and decreased happiness。

　　'The strongest predictor of happiness is not money, or externalrecognition through success or fame. It's having meaningful socialrelationships.'

　　She added: 'That means the best way to increase your happiness isto stop worrying about being happy and instead divert your energy tonurturing the social bonds you have with other people.'

　　新研究稱，太快樂的人比悲觀的同齡人死得早。

　　一項(xiàng)跟蹤調(diào)查20世紀(jì)20年代的小孩的研究顯示，那些在學(xué)校被老師評(píng)價(jià)為“非常開朗”的人比其他較內(nèi)向的同學(xué)死得更早。

　　這是因?yàn)樘鞓返娜烁赡茉馐軆蓸O情感障礙等精神疾病的困擾，他們比較不容易恐懼或擔(dān)心，更愛去冒險(xiǎn)，因而發(fā)生致命意外事故的幾率也增加了。

　　一個(gè)人如果表現(xiàn)得太開心——特別是在不合時(shí)宜的時(shí)候——還會(huì)激怒他人，從而增加被傷害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　來自世界范圍內(nèi)多所大學(xué)的研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，通常情況下，一個(gè)人如果過于努力地想使自己快樂起來，結(jié)果反而會(huì)感覺更郁悶。因?yàn)榕Ω纳魄榫w的結(jié)果經(jīng)常會(huì)讓人有受騙的感覺。

　　研究人員還認(rèn)為那些介紹如何讓人快樂的雜志文章也會(huì)讓人更加抑郁。

　　一項(xiàng)研究讓參與者閱讀一篇關(guān)于如何改善情緒，然后讓他們遵從其中一條建議，看這種建議的效果如何。

　　于是參與者采納了文中的建議，比如去看一場(chǎng)歡快的電影，結(jié)果參與者往往過于集中注意力去改善情緒，而不是讓自己的心情自然地好起來。

　　這意味著，在電影結(jié)束時(shí)，他們大多會(huì)因聽取建議而感到憤怒，而且會(huì)有受騙的感覺。這讓他們的心情比看電影前更糟了。

　　然而，這一發(fā)表在《心理科學(xué)展望》雜志上的研究揭示，通往真正幸福的秘訣要簡(jiǎn)單得多：就是和朋友、家人建立深厚的關(guān)系。

　　該研究報(bào)告的作者之一朱恩?格魯伯告訴那些努力想使自己快樂起來的人說：“當(dāng)你期待你所做的事讓自己快樂起來時(shí)，結(jié)果會(huì)讓你失望，并讓你更不開心?！备耵敳敲绹?guó)耶魯大學(xué)心理學(xué)系的教授。

　　“決定幸福與否最有力的因素不是金錢，也不是成功或名氣帶來的外界的認(rèn)可。獲得幸福的關(guān)鍵是擁有有意義的社會(huì)關(guān)系?！?/p>

　　她說道：“這意味著讓自己更快樂的最佳方法就是不再為是否快樂而煩惱，轉(zhuǎn)而將精力投入到增強(qiáng)和他人的社會(huì)紐帶上?！?/p>