中考英語句型轉(zhuǎn)換考點
句型轉(zhuǎn)換題主要考查同學們的語言基礎(chǔ)知識、句子的構(gòu)成、變化、運用等，特點是規(guī)律性強、靈活性小。旨在考查考生用不同的方法和句型結(jié)構(gòu)來表達相同、相近或相反的語意的能力，培養(yǎng)靈活運用語言的技巧。
從題型上看，句型轉(zhuǎn)換可分兩大類：一是按要求改寫句子。即按照指定要求將原句改寫成其他形式的句子，如陳述句改為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、反意疑問句、感嘆句，肯定句改為否定句，復合句改為簡單句或簡單句改為復合句等。另一類是同義句、近義句的轉(zhuǎn)換，即要求用不同的句型，不同的語言手段表達相同的思想。舉例如下：
【考點詮釋】
一、肯定句改為否定句
在做此類題時，通常在系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞后加not (n't)。如果句中沒有這些詞，則根據(jù)謂語動詞的原形、第三人稱單數(shù)動詞形式或過去式而分別在其前面加do not (don't), does not (doesn't) 或did not (didn't), 并將第三人稱單數(shù)動詞形式或過去式改為原形。如：
We can finish the work this afternoon. →We can't finish the work this afternoon.
They put the basket under the tree just now. →They didn't put the basket under the tree just now.
注意：1. 當think, believe, suppose等動詞后面跟賓語從句時，通常用否定主句謂語動詞來達到否定從句謂語動詞的目的。如：
I think they can come tonight. →I don't think they can come tonight.
2. 當must表示推測，表示“一定；肯定”的含義時，否定句應用can't。如：
He must be in the room. →He can't be in the room.
二、陳述句改為疑問句
陳述句改為疑問句一般有三種情況：一是改為一般疑問句，二是改為反意疑問句。如:
1. The students had learned about 1,000 English words by the end of last term. （改為一般疑問句） →Had the students learned about 1,000 English words by the end of last term?
2. The twins have never been to the Summer Palace, have they? （完成反意疑問句）
三、對劃線部分提問。
對劃線部分提問，就是用一個合適的疑問詞去替代句中的某一成分，使之成為一個特殊疑問句。當對主語或主語的定語提問時，用陳述句語序。對定語提問時，所修飾的名詞應放在疑問詞后。對其他成分提問，用“疑問詞+一般疑問句語序”。如：
1. Tom will be back in ten days. （對劃線部分提問） →Who will be back in ten days?
2. He writes to his father once a month. （對劃線部分提問） →How often does he write to his father?
四、同義句改寫
1．根據(jù)句意改寫
主要考查學生對句意的理解和用一個詞或一種結(jié)構(gòu)來概括上句的意思的綜合能力。如：
1. Li Hua and Zhang Ming are the same age.
Li Hua is _________ _________ _________ Zhang Ming.
【答案】as old / young as。第一句的意思是“李華和張明同歲”，第二句是說“李華和張明年紀一樣大”。
2. How many people live in France?
_________ _________ the population of France?
【答案】What is。第一句的意思是“法國有多少人?”第二句的意思是“法國的人口有多少?”
3. The runner fell behind the others though he did what he could.
The runner _________ to keep up with the others though he _________ his _________.
【答案】failed; tried; best。第一句意思是：雖然這名賽跑選手盡了全力，但還是落在了別人的后面。第二句的意思是：雖然這名賽跑選手盡了全力，但還是跟不上別人。
4. Before talking, he told me his name and I told him my name .
We _________ _________ _________ _________ before talking.
【答案】told each other’s names。第一句意思是：談話前，他告訴了我他的名字，我也告訴他我的名字。第二句的意思是：談話前，我們相互告知了對方的名字。
5. She has been away from Shanghai for over one year.
More than one year has _________ since she _________ Shanghai.
【答案】passed; left。第一句的意思是：她離開上海已經(jīng)一年多了。第二句的意思是：自從她離開上海，一年多已經(jīng)過去了。
6. Walk along the street, then take the third crossing on the right.
Walk down the street, then _________ _________ at the third crossing.
【答案】turn right。兩句都是告知他人去某地的路線的常用語，其句意都是：沿著這條街走，然后在第三個拐彎處右轉(zhuǎn)。
2．利用從句改寫
即運用關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞或從屬連詞改寫。如：
1. The man is talking with a lady. He gave us a talk last week.
The man _________ gave us a talk last week _________ _________ with a lady.
【答案】who / that; is talking。定語從句who / that gave us a talk last week修飾先行詞the man。
2. He didn’t want to miss the first bus, so he got up early.
He got up early _________ _________ he could catch the first bus.
【答案】so that。目的狀語從句so that he could catch the first bus說明動詞got up early的目的。
3. “Did you sleep well last night?” David asked her.
David asked her _________ _________ _________ well last night.
【答案】if / whether she slept。直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語時，如果直接引語是一般疑問句時，連接詞要用if或whether，句子保持陳述句的語序。
4. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.
_________ we _________ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.
【答案】 If; don’ t。if 引導條件狀語從句。句意為：如果我們還不快一點，我們就趕不上頭班車了。
祈使句與條件狀語從句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。
5. John will go to bed after he finished his homework.
John _________ to bed _________ he finished his homework.
【答案】didn’t; until。not…until表示“直到……才”的意思。
3．利用so do I改寫
“so＋動詞＋主語”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示肯定，譯為“某人(物) 也如此”?！皀either／nor ＋動詞＋主語”結(jié)構(gòu)表示否定， 譯為“某人(物) 也不……”。這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)指前一句所說的情況同樣也適合另一個人或物。轉(zhuǎn)換時應注意四點：
1.）動詞指助動詞、be動詞或情態(tài)動詞；
2.）動詞在時態(tài)上與前句呼應；
3.）動詞在數(shù)上要與本句主語保持一致；
4.）表示否定時，neither／nor本身具有否定意義，動詞要用肯定形式。
1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.
Jim wants to go boating, and _________ _________ his parents.
【答案】so do。主語是復數(shù)his parents, 時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，助動詞用do。
2. I like playing tennis. He likes playing tennis, too.
I like playing tennis, _________ _________ he.
【答案】so does。主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，助動詞用does。
4．利用連詞改寫
運用關(guān)聯(lián)連詞(組) both...and, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also, as well as等，可將并列句或兩個句子合并為一個簡單句，注意neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also作主語時，謂語動詞遵循就近原則。
1. Lucy can’t sing the English song Yesterday Once More. And Lily can’t sing it, either.
_________ Lucy_________ Lily can sing the English song Yesterday Once More.
【答案】Neither; nor。neither...nor表示 “(兩者) 都不”。
2. My father isn’t a history teacher. My mother isn’t a history teacher, either.
_________ my father _________ my mother _________ a history teacher.
【答案】Neither; nor; is。neither …nor… 作句子的主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近原則”，與最鄰近的那個名詞或代詞保持數(shù)的一致。
3. Alice has seen the film twice. Sandy has seen it twice, too.
_________ Alice_________ Sandy have seen the film twice.
【答案】Both; and。both…and 表示“(兩者)都”。
4. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.
This store sells _________ _________ men’s shoes _________ _________ men’s clothes.
【答案】not only; but also。not only...but also示“不僅……而且”之意。
5．利用介詞短語改寫
1. We have friends in the whole world.
Our friends are _________ _________ the world.
【答案】all over。固定詞組all over表示“遍及”之意。
2. It’s a long time since we met last.
We haven’t seen each other _________ _________.
【答案】for long。for long意為“很長一段時間”。
3. He walks to school every day.
He goes to school _________ _________ every day.
【答案】on foot。固定詞組on foot意為“步行”。
4. Tom had no time for breakfast. He went to school in a hurry.
Tom _________ to school _________ breakfast.
【答案】went; without。介詞without有“沒有，不(帶) ”之意。
5. I met one of my friends when I was going to the museum.
_________ _________ _________ to the museum I met an old friend of mine.
【答案】On my way。介詞短語on one’s way to… 表示“在某人去……的路上”的意思。
6．利用不定式改寫
1. The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese Kongfu well.
The foreigners want to know _________ _________ learn Chinese Kongfu well.
【答案】how to。不定式與特殊疑問詞what, when, where, how, which, whether連用構(gòu)成不定式復合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等。
2. She was so weak that she couldn’t take care of her baby.
She was _________ weak _________ take care of her baby.
【答案】too; to。原句意思是：她身體太弱，不能照顧孩子。too…to … 句型表示“太……以致于(不能)……”之意。
3. She seems to be worried now.
_________ _________ that she _________ worried now.
【答案】It seems; is。固定句型 It seems / seemed that sb… 可替換成sb seems / seemed to …，表示“某人看起來……”。
4. He was so happy that he couldn’t say a word when he was told the news.
He was _________ happy _________ say a word when he was told the news.
【答案】too; to。too…to… 表示“太……而不能……”之意。
5. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn’t skate on it.
The ice on the lake was not _________ enough _________people _________ _________ _________ it.
【答案】thick; for; to skate on。形容詞或副詞+enough +to do sth,意為“足夠……以致于能夠……”，用來替換“so…that+結(jié)果狀語從句”。
6. In China we build the Great Green Wall so that the wind won’t blow the earth away.
In China we build the Great Green Wall _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ the earth away.
【答案】to stop the wind from blowing。不定式作目的狀語。
7．利用時態(tài)改寫
中考同義句改寫中涉及的時態(tài)間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換主要是針對一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時兩種時態(tài)間的轉(zhuǎn)換而言的，應特別注意非延續(xù)性動詞的用法。如：
1. The film began 20 minutes ago.
The film has been _________ _________ 20 minutes.
【答案】on for。短暫動詞begin，在此意為“(電影) 開始(放映、上演) ”，不能與延續(xù)時間狀語連用，與延續(xù)性時間狀語連用時，將begin 改成be up。has been提示時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)， “for+時間段” 表示“持續(xù)(一段時間) ”，常用在含有現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的句子里。摘自中考英語網(wǎng)
2. Sam’s grandfather died 10 years ago.
Sam’s grandfather has been _________ _________ 10 years.
【答案】dead for。短暫動詞die，意為“死亡”，不能與延續(xù)性時間狀語連用，與延續(xù)性時間狀語連用時，將短暫動詞die改為be dead。
3. My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago.
My grandpa _________ _________ _________ the Party for thirty years.
【答案】has been in。短暫動詞join，意為“參加，加入(組織，政黨)”，不能與延續(xù)性時間狀語連用，與延續(xù)性時間狀語連用時，將join 改成be in 或be a member in…。
4. I got up half an hour ago.
I _________ _________ up for half an hour.
【答案】have been。短暫動詞get up，意為“起床”，不能與延續(xù)時間狀語連用，與延續(xù)性時間狀語連用時，將get up 改成be up。
5. Three years has passed since the students came to this school.
The students have _________ _________ this school for three years.
【答案】been in。與原句意思一致，“學生在這所學校里已3年了”。
8．利用語態(tài)改寫
通過改變主語，主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)之間可進行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，特別要注意時態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞的用法。如：
1. People grow rice in the south of China.
Rice_________ _________ in the south of China.
【答案】is grown。rice作主語，助動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時的單數(shù)形式is。
2. Everyone should give back his library books on time.
Library books should _________ _________ on time.
【答案】be given back。被動句中含有情態(tài)動詞should，因此助動詞用be。
3. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.
Computers _________ widely _________ in the world today.
【答案】are; used。computers是復數(shù)名詞作主語，助動詞用are，且句子用被動語態(tài)。
4. We must keep the noise level under 50dbs(分貝).
The noise level must _________ _________ under 50dbs.
【答案】be kept。被動句中含情態(tài)動詞must，因此助動詞用be。
5. Do they grow rice in autumn?
rice in autumn?
【答案】Is; grown。不可數(shù)名詞rice作主語, 助動詞用單數(shù)is，一般疑問句的助動詞置于句首。
6. We call maths the language of science.
Maths _________ _________ the language of science.
【答案】is called。主語maths雖然是以s結(jié)尾，但并不是名詞的復數(shù)，因此助動詞仍用單數(shù)is。
9．利用反義詞改寫
用反義詞或詞組加上否定詞表達與原句相同的意思，主要考查學生對反義詞、詞組的積累和換位思維的能力。如：
1. The boy lent a story-book to Tom just now.
Tom _________ a story-book _________ the boy just now.
【答案】borrowed; from。borrow…from意為“從……借來”；而lend…to意為“向……借出”，兩個詞組正好為一組反義詞組，當句子的主語變化時，兩個詞組可以進行互換。
2. The factory is not far from here. It only takes you ten minutes by bike.
The factory is _________here. It’s only ten minutes’_________.
【答案】near; bike-ride。not far的意思是“不遠，近”，可用形容詞near與之轉(zhuǎn)換。
3. I think music is less interesting than P.E.
I _________think music is _________interesting than P.E.
【答案】don’t; more。less interesting的意思是“沒有 / 不及……有趣”，與之相反more interesting的意思是“(比) ……更有趣”。 語言現(xiàn)象“否定的轉(zhuǎn)移”要求將think后面賓語從句中的否定形式轉(zhuǎn)移到think 上。
4. The bike under the tree is different from this one.
The bike under the tree isn’t the _________ _________this one.
【答案】same as。the same as意為“與……相同”，而反義詞組 be different from 意為“與……不同”。
10．利用同義詞改寫
用同義詞或同義詞組對原句中的某些詞或詞組進行替換，注意替換后的詞或詞組的詞形變化要與句子其他成分相適應。如：
1. They could see icebergs here and there.
They could see icebergs _________.
【答案】everywhere。everywhere與here and there都有“到處”之意。
2. Mrs Green always takes good care of the children in the school.
Mrs Green always _________ _________ the children well in the school.
【答案】looks after。take good care of 與look after…well都有“好好照顧”之意。
3. Lin Tao is good at physics.
Lin Tao_________ _________ in physics.
【答案】does well。be good at與do well in都有“在……(方面) 做得好，擅長于……”之意。
4. I like Backstreet Boys. But he likes F4 better.
He_________ F4_________ Backstreet Boys.
【答案】prefers, to。詞組prefer A to B 意為“選擇A(而不選擇B)；比起 B 來，更喜歡A”。
5. Mother is ill. Send for a doctor right away.
Mother is ill. Send for a doctor _________ _________.
【答案】at once。right away與at once 都有“馬上”之意。
6. They enjoyed themselves at the garden party.
They _________ _________ _________ _________ at the garden party.
【答案】had a good time。enjoy oneself同have a good time都有“玩得很高興，愉快”之意。
[濟南]Ⅷ． 改寫句子 按括號內(nèi)的要求改寫下列句子, 每個空格填一個單詞．(10分)
96． They had lunch at school yesterday． (改寫否定句 )
They _________ ___________lunch at school yesterday．
97． Tom visits the Science Museum every year． (就劃線部分提問)
__________ ___________Tom ___________every year?
98．． The building near the Tea House is the People’s Hospital．(就劃線部分提問)
_________ ________is the People‘s Hospital?
99． "Are you going to watch the football match next Sunday?" Father asked me． (改為復合句)
Father asked me ______ ______ _________going to watch the football match the next Sunday．
100． They van hardly decide what they will do next． (改寫句子, 句意不變)
_____________ _____________ for them to decide what _________ ________nest．
101． The light in the room was so weak that the doctor wasn’t able to operate ． (改寫句子, 句意不變)
The doctor _________do the _________ ___________ such bad light inside the room．
102． Thy don‘t often hear the twins sing the song in the school ．(改寫句子, 句意不變)
__________of the twins ___________often heard ________sing the song in the school．
96．didn’t have 97．What does ,visit
99．if I was 100．It‘s difficult/hard, to do
101．couldn’t, operation in 102． Neither, is , to
[重慶]67．There are some new students in our school this term．(改為否定句)
There _______ _______ new students in our school this term.
68．The students don’t have much time to play with their friends．(改為反義疑問句)
The students don’t have much time to play with their friends, ________ ________?
69．Maria and Jane have waited at the airport for two hours．(對劃線部分提問)
________ _________ have Maria and Jane waited at the airport?
70．The questions are very easy．The children can understand them．(合并為一句)
The questions are _________ ________ for the children to understand．
71．(課改實驗區(qū)考生做)
Jim left Chongqing 3 days ago because of his new work．(改為同義句)
Jim has ________ ________ from Chongqing for 3 days because of his new work．
(非課改實驗區(qū)考生做)
The film began about 20 minutes ago．You are late．(改為同義句)
The film has ________ ________ for about 20 minutes．You are late．
67．a(chǎn)ren’t, any／are no 68．do they 69．How long 70．easy enough／not difficult
71．① been away ② been on
【語法過關(guān)】
1. Li Lei does his homework at seven. (改為否定句)
Li Lei ________ ________ his homework at seven.
2. His sister had lunch at school yesterday. (改為一般疑問句)
_________ his sister _________ lunch at school yesterday?
3. Lucy’s just come back from the USA. (改為反意疑問句)
Lucy’s just come back from the USA, ________ ________?
4. He was very tired. He couldn’t do anything. (改為同義句)
He was ________ tired _________ do anything.
5. It was windy yesterday. (對句子劃線部分提問)
________ was the _________ like yesterday?
6. He likes the book. So does she. (改為簡單句，使句意不變)
________ he _______ she ________ the book.
7. Hurry up, or we’ll be late.(改為復合句)
________ we ________ hurry, we’ll be late.
8. The film is very interesting. (改為感嘆句)
________ ________ the film is!
9. The box was so heavy that she couldn’t carry it. (改為簡單句)
The box was ________ heavy ________ her ________ carry.
10. Is the earth round? The little boy asked. (合并為賓語從句)
The little boy asked ________ the earth ________ round.
11. Jim runs faster than any other boy in the class. (改為同義句)
Jim runs ______ _______ in his class.
12. Where did they grow vegetables? (改為被動語態(tài))
Where ________ vegetables ________ ?
13. The boy is very strong, and he can carry the heavy box. (合并為一句，使句意不變)
The boy is _________ _________ _________ carry the heavy box.
14. I don’t know when we shall leave for Nanjing. (改為簡單句)
I don’t know when ______ ________ for Nanjing.
15. Li Lei received a letter from his parents yesterday. (改為同義句)
Li Lei ________ _________ his parents yesterday.
【參考答案】
1.【解析】此題的要求是改為否定句，原句是一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，句中的does是行為動詞，所以第一空應填doesn’t；而第二空則把does還原成do。
2.【解析】先弄清原句的時態(tài)，had和yesterday都可表明原句時態(tài)為一般過去時，所以改為一般疑問句時，須在主語前加助動詞did，had還原成have。故正確答案為：Did, have
3.【解析】原句的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時，Lucy’s是Lucy has 的縮寫形式，陳述部分是肯定形式，Lucy為女名，所以正確答案為：hasn’t she
4.【解析】原句意為“他太累了，他什么也不能做?！卑褍删浜喜橐痪鋾r，根據(jù)所給的空格我們可用“too…to…(太……以致于不能……)”結(jié)構(gòu)表達相同的意思。故答案為：too, to，但須注意此句不能用so…that 結(jié)構(gòu)，除非把句子改為He was so tired that he couldn’t do anything.
5.【解析】句中的劃線部分windy是一個表天氣狀況的形容詞，那么詢問天氣的句式是“What’s the weather like today?(今天天氣怎樣？)”。所以答案為：What, weather
6.【解析】原句意為“他喜歡這本書，她也是?！备鶕?jù)題目要求句意不變，那么我們可以說“他和她都喜歡這本書?！痹谟⒄Z中表達“兩者都”可用Both…and …來表示。主語是并列主語，所以第三空為like。
7.【解析】原句是由并列連詞or 引導的并列句，只須把祈使句Hurry up改為以if引導的條件狀語從句即可。答案為：If, don’t
8.【解析】感嘆句的句式為How + adj. + 主語 + 謂語！或 What (a / an) + adj. + n. + 主語+ 謂語！根據(jù)所給的空格，應用第一種感嘆句式。正確答案為：How interesting
9.【解析】so…that…句型是一個復合句，若that從句表示否定的，可用too…to結(jié)構(gòu)改成一個簡單句，但注意動詞不定式的邏輯主語應在不定式前加for sb。故答案為：too, for, to
10.【解析】一般疑問句作賓語從句時須加連接詞if 或whether，當賓語從句表示客觀真理或客觀事實時，時態(tài)不隨主句的時態(tài)而變化，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時。故答案為：if / whether, is
11.【解析】原句意為“吉姆比班里其他任何男孩跑得快?！毖酝庵猓肥前嗬锱艿米羁斓?。此題是由比較級轉(zhuǎn)換成最高級。故正確答案為：the fastest
12.【解析】被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為be + vt.p.p.(及物動詞的過去分詞)，原句時態(tài)為一般過去時，句子主語vegetables為復數(shù)，所以be用were，第二空用grow的過去分詞grown。
13.【解析】原句意為：這男孩非常有力，他能提起那個重盒子。合并為一句時，我們可用adj.(形容詞) + enough to 或so + adj. + that從句來改寫。根據(jù)所給的空格，故正確答案為：strong enough to. 但如果用so … that改寫，句子應該是這樣：The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.
14.【解析】原句是一個含賓語從句的復合句，當主句謂語動詞為know, decide等時，且賓語從句是一個特殊疑問句，我們可用疑問詞+不定式來改寫。故答案為：to leave
15.【解析】在英語中，往往一個句子有多種表達法，在平時的學習中同學們要盡可能地把一些詞義在用法上相似的單詞或短語組合起來，加深記憶，使之不易混淆。句中的received a letter from就相當于heard from。
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