中考英語句型轉(zhuǎn)換
解析同義型、條件型句型轉(zhuǎn)換
句型轉(zhuǎn)換是要求學(xué)生根據(jù)所給的句型，按要求或提示完成考題，考查的是學(xué)生對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成、變化等方面的知識以及對此類知識的運(yùn)用能力。該題型首先給出一個完整的句子，再給出一個含有幾個空白處的句子，根據(jù)不同的要求填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成句型轉(zhuǎn)換。句型轉(zhuǎn)換涉及到語法知識的各個方面，在做這種題時，應(yīng)注意時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)的變化，特殊疑問詞的用法，及助動詞的用法等。句型轉(zhuǎn)換考題雖然包括各種句式，但通常以兩種形式進(jìn)行考查：同義型句型轉(zhuǎn)換和條件型句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
一、同義型句型轉(zhuǎn)換
同義型句型轉(zhuǎn)換即是用另一種方式來表述與原句相同的句意，也稱作同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，主要考查學(xué)生對句型及詞匯的掌握情況。
【真題引導(dǎo)1】
I prefer walking there to going by bus.
I prefer to walk there ___ by bus.
【答案與解析】
該題考查prefer...to...與prefer...rather than...這兩個句型的轉(zhuǎn)換。前者后接動詞時用V.+ing形式，而后者則接不定式，并且rather than后的不定式符號要省略。答案：rather than go。
【真題引導(dǎo)2】
It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.
Mary ____ two weeks ___ for the exam.
【答案與解析】
該題考查的是表示“花費(fèi)時間做某事”的兩個句型的轉(zhuǎn)換，take常用的句型是：it takes +時間 + to do...；而spend卻是：sb. +spend + 時間 + （in）doing...。答案：spent， in preparing。
【真題引導(dǎo)3】
I always get up before six o'clock in my school days.
I __ get up ______ six o'clock in my school days.
【答案與解析】
根據(jù)原句的意思，只有在第二句的兩個空白處分別填入never與after，這樣才能表達(dá)出與第一句相同的含義。這里要注意always的否定副詞是never。答案：never，after。
【真題引導(dǎo)4】
The children are too tired to walk farther.
They are_____ tired ____they ____ walk farther.
【答案與解析】
含有too...to的簡單句常和so...that 引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句互相轉(zhuǎn)換。但是too...to的本身是否定意義，so...that從句要改為否定。答案：so, that, can't。
【真題引導(dǎo)5】
The girl left her home a few days ago, she has not come back yet.
The girl has____ from her home for a few days.
【答案與解析】
第一句意思為“女孩幾天前離開家，她現(xiàn)在還未回來”。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。for a few days表示一段時間，在完成時中只能與延續(xù)性動詞搭配，而leave是非延續(xù)性動詞。答案：been away。
【鞏固訓(xùn)練】
1. They say that Mr. Liu can speak German.
_____ that Mr. Liu can speak German.
2. Can you show me the way to the post office?
Can you tell me _____ get to the post office?
3. People plant many young trees on both sides of the street each year.
Many young trees are ____ on ____ sides of the street each year.
4. My parents left home three days ago.
They have not come back yet.
My parents____ from home for three days.
5. They knew something about it on
They knew______ about it _____ you told them.
6. If you play basketball here, you may break the windows.
_____play basketball here, ______you may break the windows.
7. This is the most enjoyable journey that I have ever heard of.
I have ______heard of______ an enjoyable journey before.
8. Hot dogs are not so delicious as sandwiches.
Hot dogs are______ delicious ___sandwiches.
9. Her father bought the car three months ago.
Her father ______the car for three months.
10. It's good for your health to take exercise often.
____ exercise often can make you ______.
11. All the books cost me 365 yuan.
I ______ 365 yuan ______ all the books.
12.The doctor put down the telephone, left his home at on
After the doctor ______ the phone call, he left his home at on
13. At the end of the meeting his bag was lost.
He______ his bag when the meeting ______.
14. I like Backstreet Boys. But he likes F4 better.
He ______ F4 ______ Backstreet Boys.
15. Tom spent two hours in mending the bike.
It _____ two hours______ the bike.
16. He hardly does wrong in his homework.
He hardly ______ any ______ in his homework.
17.I will tell you my telephone number after you tell me yours.
Please tell me your telephone number, ____I____ tell you, ____.
18. The Indian old lady no longer lived there.
The Indian old lady ______ live there _____.
19.Jane got to school earlier than any other students.
Jane got to school ______ all the students.
20. My sister prefers reading to going shopping.
My sister likes______ than going shopping.
Keys:
1. It's said 2. how, to 3. planted, both 4. have been away 5. nothing, before 6. Don't ,or 7. never, such 8. less, than 9. has had 10. Taking, healthy 11.spent,on12.received,soon aspossible
13. couldn't find, was over 14. prefers,to15. took Tom, to mend 16. makes, mistakes 17.or, will not, either18.didn't，any more.19.earliest of 20. reading better
二、條件型句型轉(zhuǎn)換
條件型句型轉(zhuǎn)換即是要求根據(jù)句子后給出的具體要求變換句型。具體考查內(nèi)容為：
1.單數(shù)句、復(fù)數(shù)句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；
2.肯定句、否定句、疑問句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；
3.簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；
4.陳述句、感嘆句、祈使句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換；
5.主動語態(tài)、被動語態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。
【真題引導(dǎo)1】改為單數(shù)句
There are some old sheep on the farm.
There is ______ old ______ on the farm.
【答案與解析】
sheep的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣，old是元音開頭的詞，故冠詞不能用a 。單數(shù)句與復(fù)數(shù)句轉(zhuǎn)換時，名詞、代詞要一 一對應(yīng)互換。注意名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)律，同時注意主謂的一致性。答案：an, sheep。
【真題引導(dǎo)2】改為一般疑問句
He set the alarm clock for seven.
______ he ______ the alarm clock for seven?
【答案與解析】
一般疑問句及否定句的構(gòu)成：（1）當(dāng)謂語動詞是be 動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，將其直接移到句首便可構(gòu)成一般疑問句，或在其后直接加not構(gòu)成否定句；（2）當(dāng)謂語動詞是行為動詞時，則加助動詞do來完成一般疑問句，第三人稱單數(shù)用does,一般過去時用did，加助動詞后應(yīng)注意其后謂語動詞要用原形，這一點(diǎn)要切記。答案：Did, set。
【真題引導(dǎo)3】改為否定句
Both of the players are very popular in England.
_____of the players ______very popular in England.
【答案與解析】
Both“兩者都”為全肯定。其反義詞neither “兩者都不”為全否定。either“兩者之一”是部分否定。另外either和neither作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。答案：Neither, is。
【真題引導(dǎo)4】改為反意疑問句
Sue speaks little French.
Sue speaks little French, _____?
【答案與解析】
反意疑問句應(yīng)遵循的原則是：前半部分肯定，后半部分否定；前半部分否定，則后半部分肯定。前半部分中有no, little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定詞時，后半部分則用肯定。答案：does she。
【真題引導(dǎo)5】對畫線部分提問
The bank near the shop is very big.
___________________________
【答案與解析】
就畫線部分提問實(shí)際上是將句子改為特殊疑問句。特殊疑問句中的疑問詞是根據(jù)畫線部分來確定的。特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句。該題中near the shop在句中作the bank的定語，故疑問詞應(yīng)用which。答案：Which bank is very big?
【真題引導(dǎo)6】改為感嘆句
It's raining very heavily.
______it is raining!
【答案與解析】
本句感嘆的是副詞heavily，所以要用how，原句中的very應(yīng)去掉，還應(yīng)注意句子開頭的首字母要大寫。答案：How heavily。
【真題引導(dǎo)7】改為被動語態(tài)
They have painted their new house.
Their new house ______ by them.
【答案與解析】
原句是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，被動結(jié)構(gòu)要用have been done。在主動變被動時，特別要注意被動語態(tài)句中主語的人稱、數(shù)的變化，這句被動句的主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，要用has。答案：has been painted。
鞏固練習(xí)
◆ 嚴(yán)建英
?、?單、復(fù)數(shù)相互轉(zhuǎn)換
1. The woman is a nurse.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）
They are all______.
2. There are some old cars behind the house.（改為單數(shù)句）
There______ old ______ behind the house.
3. He has a new book.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）
______new ______.
4. Are these your English-Chinese dictionaries?（改為單數(shù)句）
______ your English-Chinese ______?
5.Is there a sheep in your uncle's farm?（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）
_____ there ______ in your uncle's farm?
Ⅱ. 肯定句與疑問句相互轉(zhuǎn)換
1. Mr. Hu taught her maths last year.（改為一般疑問句）
_____ Mr. Hu ______ her maths last year?
2.The foreign visitor comes from Russia.（用Australia完成選擇疑問句）
____ the foreign visitor come from Russia ____?
3. Tom has lunch at school every day. (改為一般疑問句)
____ Tom ______ lunch at school every day?
4. That dictionary cost him twenty yuan. (改為一般疑問句)
____ that dictionary ______ him twenty yuan?
5. Don't you think her radio is too loud? (作肯定回答)
___, I ______.
?、? 完成反意疑問句
1. You've never been out of China before, _____?
2. You came here together, ______?
3. There're more than ten pandas on the hill,____?
4. Peter could hardly see the words on the blackboard, ____?
5. Don't look out of the window, ______?
6. I don't think you can answer this question,_____?
7. Let's ask our teacher for help, _____?
8. Everything goes well, _____?
9. She isn't the best on
10. You like listening to soft music, ______?
Ⅳ. 肯定句與否定句相互轉(zhuǎn)換
1. He has already finished his homework.（改為否定句）
He ______ finished his homework ______.
2. Both of his parents were pleased with the result.（改為完全否定句）
_____ pleased with the result.
3. Don't let him go boating today!(改為肯定句)
_____ go boating today.
4. You'd better take it to your office.(改為否定句)
You'd better_____ it to your office.
5. The children weren't playing on the playground.(改為肯定句)
The children______ on the playground.
6. All of us want him to rest.（改為完全否定句）
_____ of us ______ him to rest.
7. Mary does her homework on Sundays. ( 改為否定句)
Mary ______ her homework on Sundays.
8. Meimei has to look after her little brother at weekends. (改為否定句)
Meimei______ to look after her little brother at weekends.
9. I think you are right.（改為否定句）
I ______ think you ______ right.
10. She isn't going to wash anything on Sunday.（改為肯定句）
She ______ going to wash ______ on Sunday.
?、? 簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句相互轉(zhuǎn)換
1. The water was so dirty that we couldn't drink it.（改為簡單句）
The water was ______ dirty for us ______ drink.
2. Does the shop close at six every day?Do you know?（兩句合并為一句）
Do you know ___ the shop ____ at six every day?
3. The question isn't easy enough for them to answer.（改為復(fù)合句）
The question is ______ that they ___ .
4. I really don't know which book I should choose.（改為簡單句）
I really don't know_____.
5. I don't know when we shall meet again. ( 改為簡單句)
I don't know when ______ again.
6. The man is very strong and he can carry the heavy bag. (改為簡單句)
The man is _______ to carry the heavy bag.
7."Does the girl need any help?" he asked me.（改為復(fù)合句）
He asked me ______ the girl ______ some help.
8. I don't know what to do next.（改為復(fù)合句）
I don't know what ______ next.
9. George has two cabbages. Mary has on
George has ______ cabbages ______ Mary.
10. We won't have any lessons tomorrow because we'll have the sports meeting.（改為簡單句）
We won't have any lessons tomorrow _____the sports meeting.
Ⅵ. 陳述句與感嘆句相互轉(zhuǎn)換
A.改為感嘆句
1. The film is very interesting.
________ the film is!
2. English is very useful.
_____ useful subject English is!
3. These flowers are so beautiful.
______ these flowers are!
4. The children are singing and dancing happily.
______ the children are singing and dancing!
5. They are running fast.
______they are running!
6. Her sister is a very lovely girl.
(1) ______ lovely girl her sister is!
(2) _____ her sister is !
B.改為陳述句
7. How beautiful these flowers are!
______ so beautiful flowers.
8. What a nice box it is!
The box _____.
9. How bright your dictionary is!
Your dictionary is______.
10. How hard the workers are working!
The workers are ______.
?、? 陳述句與祈使句相互轉(zhuǎn)換
1. If you don't work hard, you won't pass the exam next time.（改為祈使句）
____, ______ you will fail the exam next time.
2. Don't make any noise.(改為陳述句)
_____ make any noise.
3. Will you please read after me? (改為祈使句)
____________________________.
4. Don't look out of the window. (改為反意疑問句)
Don't look out of the window, _____?
5. Tom is sitting on the desk.(改為否定祈使句)
_____ on the desk, ______.
6. Don't let him go boating today? (改為肯定句)
______ go boating Today!
7. Do it like this, please.(改為否定句)
______ it like this, please.
8. Hurry up, and you'll catch the early bus.（改為陳述句）
_____, you'll catch the early bus.
9. Let us go and see what has happened.（完成反意疑問句）
Let us go and see what has happened,_____?
10.If you let him try and then he will know all about it.（改為祈使句）
______ ,______ he'll know all about it.
Ⅷ. 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)相互轉(zhuǎn)換
A.改為被動語態(tài)
1. We call maths the language of science.
Maths _____the language of science.
2. Where did they plant trees?
Where ______ trees ______?
3. The workers built the Green Great Wall across the northern part of the country.
The Green Great Wall ________ across the northern part of the country.
4. The teacher made the students copy the text.
The students ______________ copy the text.
5. They produce silk in Suzhou.
Silk _________ in Suzhou.
6. They built a bridge between the two islands last year.
A bridge __________ between the two islands last year.
B.改為主動語態(tài)
7. A birthday party will be had tomorrow.
We ______a birthday party tomorrow.
8. John was seen to cross the street just now by someone.
Someone saw John _____the street just now.
9. Can another way be thought of to keep your wine or water warm?
Can ________ another way to keep your wine or water warm?
10. Too many trees are still being cut down in the USA.
___are still____ down too many trees in the USA.
?、? 對劃線部分提問
1. Jim has stayed in the college for five years.
______ has Jim stayed in the college?
2. The twin brothers get on very well.
_____ the twin brothers get on?
3. My foreign friends will arrive in half an hour.
______ will your foreign friends arrive?
4. The car near the river is mine.
______ is yours?
5. It's very wet and hot today.
_____ the weather ______ today?
6. He is looking for a pair of black shoes.
_____ is he ______?
7. He went to the station to meet the twins last Wednesday.
____ did he ____to the station to meet the twins?
8. Jack has been to Hong Kong on
How ______ has Jack been to Hong Kong?
9. We have a class meeting on
____________ have a class meeting.
10. They came to ask for help.
___ did they come ______?
Keys:
?、?
1. women nurses 2. is an, car 3. They have, books
4. Is this, dictionary5. Are, any sheep
?、?
1. Did, teach2. Does, or Australia 3. does, have
4. Did cost 5. Yes, do
?、?
1. have you 2. didn't you 3. aren't there
4. could he5. will you 6. can you
7. shall we8. doesn't it 9. is she
10. don't you
?、?
1. hasn't, yet2. Neither of his parents was
3. Let him4. not take 5. were playing
6. None, want7. doesn't do 8. doesn't have
9. don't, are 10. is, something
?、?
1. too, to2. if, closes3. so difficult, can't answer
4. which book to choose 5. to meet you 6. strong enough
7. if, needed8. I'll do9. more, than
10. because of
?、?
1. How interesting2. What a 3. How beautiful
4. How happily 5. How fast6. (1)What a (2)How lovely
7. These are 8. is very nice 9.very bright
10. working hard
?、?
1. Work hard, or 2. You mustn't . 3. Please read after me.
4. will you 5. Don't sit, Tom6. Let him
7. Don't do8. If you hurry up 9. will you
10. Let him try, and
Ⅷ.
1.is called 2.were, planted3.was built
4.Were made to 5. is produced 6. was built
7. will have 8. to cross 9. you think of
10. People/ They , cutting
?、?
1. How long 2. How do 3. How soon
4. Which car 5. What's, like 6. What, doing
7. When, go 8. many times 9. How often do you
10. What, for
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