Introducing Kids to Money
讓孩子認(rèn)識(shí)金錢(qián)
Money gives people -- both young and old -- decision-making opportunities. Educating, motivating, and empowering children to become regular savers and investors will enable them to keep more of the money they earn and do more with the money they spend. Everyday spending decisions can have a far more negative impact on children's financial futures than any investment decisions they may ever make. Here are 15 simple ways to help educate children about personal finance and managing money:
錢(qián)給了人們---不論老少---以做決定的機(jī)會(huì)。教育、激發(fā)和授權(quán)孩子成為日常節(jié)省家和投資家會(huì)讓他們攢下更多錢(qián)、花同樣的錢(qián)得到更多。日?；ㄤN(xiāo)的決定會(huì)比任何其他其他的投資決定對(duì)孩子更有負(fù)面影響。以下是十五種幫助您教育孩子關(guān)于個(gè)人資金和如何理財(cái)?shù)暮?jiǎn)單方法：
As soon as children can count, introduce them to money. Take an active role in providing them with information. Observation and repetition are two important ways children learn.
1. 孩子一能數(shù)數(shù)，就告訴他們錢(qián)是啥。積極地告訴他們關(guān)于錢(qián)的信息。觀察和重復(fù)是孩子學(xué)習(xí)的兩個(gè)最重要的方式。
Communicate with children as they grow about your values concerning money --- how to save it, how to make it grow, and most importantly, how to spend it wisely.
2. 在孩子們成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中和他們交流關(guān)于你的金錢(qián)觀---如何省錢(qián)，如何掙錢(qián)，最重要的是如何明智的花錢(qián)。
Help children learn the differences between needs, wants, and wishes. This will prepare them for making good spending decisions in the future.
3. 幫助孩子認(rèn)識(shí)到需要、想要和愿望之間的區(qū)別。這會(huì)為他們?cè)谖磥?lái)做好的花銷(xiāo)決定做準(zhǔn)備。
Setting goals is fundamental to learning the value of money and saving. Young or old, people rarely reach goals they haven't set. Nearly every toy or other item children ask their parents to buy them can become the object of a goal-setting session. Such goal-setting helps children learn to become responsible for themselves.
4. 設(shè)定目標(biāo)是學(xué)習(xí)金錢(qián)價(jià)值和攢錢(qián)的基本。不論老少，人很少達(dá)到他們不曾定下的目標(biāo)。幾乎每一個(gè)玩具或別的東西都可以成為一個(gè)設(shè)定目標(biāo)的訓(xùn)練課。這樣的訓(xùn)練會(huì)讓孩子們學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)自己負(fù)責(zé)。
Introduce children to the value of saving versus spending. Explain and demonstrate the concept of earning interest income on savings. Consider paying interest on money children save at home; children can help calculate the interest and see how fast money accumulates through the power of compound interest. Later on, they also will realize that the quickest way to a good credit rating is a history of regular, successful savings. Some parents even offer to match what children save on their own.
5. 告訴孩子省錢(qián)和花錢(qián)的價(jià)值。闡釋從儲(chǔ)蓄中獲得收益利息的概念。考慮給孩子們?cè)诩业膬?chǔ)蓄支付利息；孩子可以幫著計(jì)算利息也看看錢(qián)是怎么通過(guò)復(fù)利快速積攢起來(lái)的。以后，他們會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到最快獲得好的信譽(yù)級(jí)別的方式是通過(guò)日常的一系列成功儲(chǔ)蓄。有些家長(zhǎng)甚至自己把孩子的儲(chǔ)蓄和信譽(yù)級(jí)別匹配起來(lái)。
Allowance and Spending Decisions
零錢(qián)和花錢(qián)
When giving children an allowance, give them the money in denominations that encourage saving. If the amount is $5, give them 5-1-dollar bills and encourage that at least one dollar be set aside in savings. (Saving $5 a week at 6 percent interest compounded quarterly will total about $266 after a year, $1,503 after 5 years, and $3,527 after 10 years!)
6. 在給孩子們零花錢(qián)的時(shí)候，以一種可以鼓勵(lì)攢錢(qián)的方式給予。如果給5美元，給他們五個(gè)一元的紙幣并要求至少有一元錢(qián)要存起來(lái)。(每星期按6%的復(fù)利存5美元，在一年之后就有$266,五年后$1,503 ,10年后$3,527 !)
Take children to a credit union or bank to open their own savings accounts. Beginning the regular savings habit early is one of the keys to savings success. Remember, don't refuse them when they want to withdraw a portion of their savings for a purchase--This may discourage them from saving at all. You can also introduce children to U.S. savings bonds. Bonds are still a good value, costing one-half their face value and earning interest that in some instances will be tax-free if used for a college education. Perhaps more importantly, when given as a gift, bonds will not be spent immediately, reinforcing saving and goal-setting lessons.
7. 帶孩子去信用社或者銀行，開(kāi)通屬于他們自己的儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶(hù)。早點(diǎn)開(kāi)始日常儲(chǔ)蓄是成功攢錢(qián)的關(guān)鍵之一。記住，當(dāng)他們要取錢(qián)買(mǎi)某樣?xùn)|西的時(shí)候，不要拒絕他們---這可能會(huì)讓他們干脆放棄存錢(qián)。你也可以告訴孩子美國(guó)的儲(chǔ)蓄國(guó)債。國(guó)債的價(jià)值還是不錯(cuò)的，只需花費(fèi)其面值的一半，如果被用于大學(xué)教育那么在某些情況下所得的利息會(huì)免稅。也許更重要的是，當(dāng)作為禮物給孩子的時(shí)候，國(guó)債不會(huì)立即被花掉，加深了攢錢(qián)和定目標(biāo)的概念。
Keeping good records of money saved, invested, or spent is another important skill young people must learn. To make it easy, use 12 envelopes, 1 for each month, with a larger envelope to hold all the envelopes for the year. Establish this system for each child. Encourage children to place receipts from all purchases in the envelopes and keep notes on what they do with their money.
8. 好好記錄攢的錢(qián)，投資的錢(qián)和花的錢(qián)，這是另一個(gè)年輕人應(yīng)該掌握的重要技巧。簡(jiǎn)單的方法是：準(zhǔn)備12個(gè)信封，每個(gè)信封裝每個(gè)月的錢(qián)，用一個(gè)大一些的信封裝當(dāng)年的所有信封。為每個(gè)孩子都建立一個(gè)這種系統(tǒng)。鼓勵(lì)孩子們把所有購(gòu)物小票放進(jìn)信封中并記錄下他們用那些錢(qián)做了什么。
Use regular shopping trips as opportunities to teach children the value of money. Going to the grocery store is often a child's first spending experience. About a third of our take-home pay is spent on grocery and household items. Spending smarter at the grocery store (using coupons, shopping sales, comparing unit prices) can save more than $1,800 a year for a family of four. To help young people understand this lesson, demonstrate how to plan economical meals, avoid waste, and use leftovers efficiently. When you take children to other kinds of stores, explain how to plan purchases in advance and make unit-price comparisons. Show them how to check for value, quality, repairability, warranty, and other consumer concerns. Spending money can be fun and very productive when spending is well-planned. Unplanned spending, as a rule, usually results in 20-30 percent of our money being wasted because we obtain poor value with our purchases.
9. 把日常的購(gòu)物經(jīng)歷當(dāng)做告訴孩子錢(qián)的價(jià)值的機(jī)會(huì)。去雜貨店是一個(gè)孩子第一次的花錢(qián)經(jīng)歷。大約有三分之一的稅后工資是用來(lái)買(mǎi)雜貨和家庭用品的。在雜貨店更聰明地花銷(xiāo)(用優(yōu)惠劵、商場(chǎng)特價(jià)、比較商品價(jià)格)，一個(gè)家庭一年就可以剩下1800美元。想讓孩子懂得這些，就要告訴他們?nèi)绾斡?jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)餐，避免浪費(fèi)，有效地利用剩下了的食物。當(dāng)你帶孩子去其他類(lèi)型的商店時(shí)，解釋如何事先計(jì)劃所買(mǎi)的東西和如何做單價(jià)比較。展示給他們?nèi)绾螜z查價(jià)格、數(shù)量、可修度、保修期和其他顧客要考慮的事情。好的計(jì)劃可以讓花錢(qián)變得有趣且有效率。沒(méi)有計(jì)劃的花錢(qián)經(jīng)常會(huì)導(dǎo)致20%~30%的錢(qián)被浪費(fèi)，因?yàn)槲覀儧](méi)有從所買(mǎi)的東西獲得最大價(jià)值。
Allow young people to make spending decisions. Whether good or poor, they will learn from their spending choices. You can then initiate an open discussion of spending pros and cons before more spending takes place. Encourage them to use common sense when buying. This means doing research before making major purchases, waiting for the right time to buy, and using the "spending-by-choice" technique. This technique involves selecting at least three other things the money could be spent on setting aside money for one of the items, and then making a choice of which item to purchase.
10. 允許年輕人對(duì)花錢(qián)做自己的選擇。不論好壞，他們都會(huì)從中學(xué)習(xí)。你可以在錢(qián)被花出去之前開(kāi)啟一個(gè)關(guān)于這次開(kāi)銷(xiāo)利與弊的討論。鼓勵(lì)他們?cè)谙M(fèi)時(shí)利用常識(shí)。也就是在買(mǎi)大件物品前要做調(diào)查，等待合適的購(gòu)買(mǎi)時(shí)間以及對(duì)“先做選擇后花錢(qián)”的技巧的運(yùn)用。這個(gè)技巧包括選擇被攢起來(lái)買(mǎi)一樣?xùn)|西的這筆錢(qián)可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)的至少三件其他東西，然后在這些物品中作出購(gòu)買(mǎi)的選擇。
Buying Smart
聰明地花錢(qián)
Show children how to evaluate TV, radio, and print ads for products. Will a product really perform and do what the commercials say? Is a price offered truly a sale price? Are alternative products available that will do a better job, perhaps for less cost, or offer better value? Remind them that if something sounds too good to be true, it usually is.
11. 將如何估價(jià)電視、廣播和打印的商品廣告展示給孩子們。一個(gè)商品真的會(huì)有廣告中介紹的那些功能嗎？打特價(jià)時(shí)的價(jià)格是真實(shí)的嗎？有類(lèi)似的產(chǎn)品可以做的更好嗎，也許花費(fèi)更少，或者有更大的價(jià)值？提醒他們?nèi)绻行〇|西聽(tīng)起來(lái)好的不真實(shí)，那么事實(shí)大抵如此。
Alert children to the dangers of borrowing and paying interest. If you charge interest on small loans you make to them, they will learn quickly how expensive it is to rent someone else's money for a specified period of time. For instance, paying for a $499 TV over 18 months at $31.85 a month at 18.8 percent interest means the buyer really pays about $575.
12. 讓孩子們警惕借錢(qián)和還利息的危險(xiǎn)。如果你改變你借給他們的一小筆錢(qián)的利息，他們會(huì)很快地知道為了某一特殊時(shí)段而借別人的錢(qián)是多么的貴。比方說(shuō)，為買(mǎi)一臺(tái)$499的電視，以18.8%的利率在十八個(gè)月之中每個(gè)月償還 $31.85，那么實(shí)際上買(mǎi)家花費(fèi)了$575。
When using a credit card at a restaurant, take the opportunity to teach children about how credit cards work. Explain to children how to verify the charges, how to calculate the tip, and how to guard against credit card fraud.
13. 在餐廳使用信用卡的時(shí)候，抓住機(jī)會(huì)教孩子信用卡是咋回事。解釋如何核實(shí)付款，如何計(jì)算小費(fèi)，如何防備信用卡騙子。
Be cautious about making credit cards available to young people, even when they are entering college. Credit cards have a message: "spend!" Some students report using the cards for cash advances and also to meet everyday needs, instead of for emergencies (as originally planned). Many of those same students find themselves having to cut back on classes to fit in part-time jobs just to pay for their credit card purchases.
14. 讓孩子們用信用卡的時(shí)候要警惕，甚至他們進(jìn)了大學(xué)以后也是一樣。信用卡代表這一個(gè)信息：“花錢(qián)！”一些學(xué)生反映把信用卡當(dāng)做現(xiàn)金墊款以及滿(mǎn)足日常需要來(lái)使用，而不是應(yīng)急(原本的初衷)。很多這些學(xué)生需要翹課去做業(yè)余工作來(lái)還上買(mǎi)東西花掉的信用卡里的錢(qián)。
Establish a regular schedule for family discussions about finances. This is especially helpful to younger children--it can be the time when they tote up their savings and receive interest. Other discussion topics should include the difference between cash, checks, and credit cards; wise spending habits; how to avoid the use of credit; and the advantages of saving and investment growth. With teenagers, it's also useful to discuss what's happening with the national and local economies, how to economize at home, and alternatives to spending money. All of this information will be important as they take on more responsibility for their own financial well-being.
15. 建立一個(gè)定期的關(guān)于財(cái)政的家庭討論。這個(gè)對(duì)小孩子尤其重要---孩子們可以在這個(gè)時(shí)候結(jié)算他們的儲(chǔ)蓄并得到利息。其他討論的話(huà)題應(yīng)該包括現(xiàn)金、支票、信用卡的區(qū)別；聰明地消費(fèi)習(xí)慣；如何避免對(duì)信用卡的使用；以及存錢(qián)和投資增長(zhǎng)的好處。和孩子們討論國(guó)際和當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的新聞、如何在家實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)化、以及其他存錢(qián)的方式也都很有幫助。所有這些信息都會(huì)對(duì)他們?yōu)樽约汗芾砗秘?cái)政而負(fù)責(zé)有重要作用。
聯(lián)系客服
