頸椎，連接頭顱與胸椎，是脊柱重要的一段。因年齡增大或反復受力或損傷，頸椎發(fā)生退變甚至骨折脫位，將嚴重影響正常的功能。
Cervical Spine Anatomy
頸椎解剖
The cervical spine, or neck, begins at the base of the skull and through a series of seven vertebral segments connects to the thoracic, or chest, region of the spine.
頸椎，或稱脖子，自顱底開始，經(jīng)過一系列共有關7塊椎骨，下方連于胸椎，或稱脊柱胸段。
The first cervical vertebra is unique, as it is a ring—called the atlas—that rotates around part of the second vertebra—the axis. This construct provides most of the rotation for the neck and head.
第一頸椎是特殊的，因為它象一個環(huán)，故稱環(huán)椎。它可在第二頸椎（即樞椎）上部旋轉(zhuǎn)。這個結(jié)構為頭頸部提供了大部分的旋轉(zhuǎn)功能。
The seven vertebrae of the cervical spine are connected in the back by paired facet joints, which allow for forward and backward extensions, as well as twisting movements. These facet joints can wear down over time and lead to cervical spinal stenosis or osteoarthritis.
頸段脊柱的7個椎體通過后方成對的關節(jié)突關節(jié)相連，允許前后屈伸和扭轉(zhuǎn)運動。這些關節(jié)突關節(jié)會隨著時間的推移而磨損，導致頸椎管狹窄或骨關節(jié)病。
In between the vertebrae are six cervical discs that act as shock absorbers and allow flexibility and movement of the neck. These discs may herniate or degenerate, either through wear and tear over time or from an injury.
在各椎體間有6個頸椎間盤，起著減震器的作用，并使頸椎易于彎曲和活動。這些椎間盤隨時間推移而磨損撕裂或受傷可發(fā)生突出和退變。
The cervical spine has eight cervical nerves, C1 through C8, that branch off of the spinal cord and exit through the neural foramen in the back of the spine.
頸椎有8條頸神經(jīng)，從頸1到頸8，它們是從脊髓發(fā)出的分支，從脊柱后方的神經(jīng)孔穿出。
Each cervical nerve is named for the vertebra below it. For example, the nerve root that runs between the C5 and C6 is the C6 nerve.
每一條頸神經(jīng)以下方的椎體命名。例如，在頸5和頸6之間的神經(jīng)根是頸6神經(jīng)。
A number of cervical spine conditions may inflame or irritate these nerve roots, resulting in pain that radiates down the arms and possibly fingers, known as cervical radiculopathy.
許多頸椎疾患會刺激這些神經(jīng)根或使之發(fā)炎，引起疼痛，向下放射到胳膊或手指，即所謂的頸椎神經(jīng)根病變。
The cervical spine includes an intricate network of muscles, tendons, and ligaments that provide support and movement. These tissues can spasm or become strained, which is a common cause of neck pain and stiffness.
頸椎含有錯綜復雜如網(wǎng)狀的肌肉、肌腱、韌帶，起支持和運動功能。這些組織會痙攣或扭傷，這是引起頸部疼痛和僵硬的常見原因。
The spinal cord travels from the base of the skull through the cervical spine. Any cervical condition that encroaches on the spinal canal can affect the spinal cord and cause neurological symptoms, such as muscle weakness or numbness in the arms or legs.
脊髓從顱底開始行經(jīng)頸椎。任何侵犯椎管的頸椎疾病會影響脊髓并引起神經(jīng)癥狀，比如肌肉無力、四肢麻木。
Any of these cervical spine structures can degenerate over time or become injured, resulting in a variety of possible conditions and symptoms.
這些頸椎結(jié)構隨著時間推移會發(fā)生退變或受傷，引起各種各樣可能的病變或癥狀。
（高晨珉 轉(zhuǎn)）
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