2010年高考英語定語從句終極大盤點(diǎn)
定語從句一直是高考測試的熱點(diǎn)語法項(xiàng)目之一,2010年全國各地18套高考試題中有16套測試了該語法項(xiàng)目(遼寧卷、安徽卷除外)。綜觀2010年各地高考試題,對于定語從句的考查呈現(xiàn)出量大面廣、重點(diǎn)突出的特點(diǎn),但是與往年相比還是有細(xì)微的變化。下面筆者就其考查熱點(diǎn)及變化進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié),希望能對下一屆考生有所啟發(fā)。
熱點(diǎn)一:考查關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句
近幾年,高考試題在考查定語從句時(shí)對關(guān)系副詞where青睞有加。2010年考查關(guān)系副詞where時(shí),回避了前幾年經(jīng)?？疾榈南刃性~為表示“模糊化的地點(diǎn)”的單詞,如situation、condition、stage、case等,而是回歸本色,考查表示地點(diǎn)的名詞做先行詞。例如:
24. Stephen Hawking believes that the Earth is unlikely to be the only planet _______ life has developed gradually. (2010年福建卷)
A. that B. where C. which D. whose
解析:題干的意思是:Stephen Hawking認(rèn)為地球不可能是唯一有生命逐漸形成的星球。先行詞為planet,從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語,故用where引導(dǎo)定語從句, where相當(dāng)于on which。正確答案為B。
8. —Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
—You should try the barber's _______ I go. It's only 15. (2010年天津卷)
A. asB. which C. where D. that
解析:題干的意思是:——你能相信我理一次發(fā)得花30美元嗎?——你應(yīng)該到我去的那家理發(fā)店試試,只需要15美元。句中the barber's (理發(fā)店)是先行詞,從句中g(shù)o 是不及物動(dòng)詞,所選關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,故用where引導(dǎo)。正確答案為C。
而過去幾年的高考試題經(jīng)常對where表示“模糊化的地點(diǎn)”的用法進(jìn)行考查。例如:
24. It's helpful to put children in a situation _______ they can see themselves differently. (2009年福建卷)
A. that B. when C. which D. where
解析:由于從句的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)完整,只能選關(guān)系副詞作狀語。由先行詞a situation可知,應(yīng)選作地點(diǎn)狀語的where 引導(dǎo)定語從句。故正確答案為D。
20. Today, we'll discuss a number of cases _______ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (2007年陜西卷)
A. which B. as C. why D. where
解析:此定語從句主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整,缺少狀語;考慮到先行詞cases,選用關(guān)系詞where,相當(dāng)于in which ( = in the cases)。故正確答案為D。
熱點(diǎn)二:考查關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中充當(dāng)名詞的定語,構(gòu)成“whose +名詞”的形式,既可以表示某人的,又可以表示某物的。其最顯著的特點(diǎn)是空格后的名詞缺少限定詞。例如:
24. That's the new machine _______ parts are too small to be seen. (2010年山東卷)
A. that B. whichC. whose D. what
解析:題干的意思是:這就是那臺零部件小得幾乎看不見的新機(jī)器。先行詞是the new machine,所填關(guān)系詞在從句中作名詞parts的定語,故使用whose引導(dǎo)。正確答案為C。
11. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. (2010年陜西卷)
A. where B. which C. its D. whose
解析:題干的意思是:那座屋頂在暴風(fēng)雨中損壞的舊廟現(xiàn)在正在維修中。先行詞是the old temple,所填關(guān)系詞在從句中作roof的定語,用關(guān)系代詞whose,故正確答案為D。
27. Children who are not active or _______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (2010北京卷)
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
解析:題干的意思是:不愛運(yùn)動(dòng)或者飲食熱量偏高的孩子們會很快發(fā)胖。Whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,和前面的who引導(dǎo)的定語從句并列,共同修飾先行詞children,并且whose在定語從句中作定語,修飾diet。正確答案為B。
28. In China, the number of cities is increasing _______ development is recognized across the world. (2010年重慶卷)
A. where B. which C. whose D. that
解析:題干的意思是:在中國,一些城市的發(fā)展正逐漸被全世界意識到,而這些城市的數(shù)量正在增加。從句中的development與先行詞cities之間是所屬關(guān)系,所以選whose。正確答案為C。
熱點(diǎn)三:考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which /whom)”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí),往往可以把介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前,構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which / whom)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。確定介詞時(shí),一是依據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配,二是依據(jù)先行詞的某種習(xí)慣搭配,三是根據(jù)所要表達(dá)的意思。2010年,全國各地的高考試題在考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”時(shí),摒棄了往年考查介詞的選擇,而是僅考查對“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的識別,降低了考查的難度。例如:
32. The newly-built café, the walls of _______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. (2010年江蘇卷)
A. that B. it C. what D. which
解析:該題的主干是“The newly-built café is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work”,“the walls of _______ are painted light green”是插入的定語從句。用which代替café,在從句中作介詞of的賓語。“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)不用that,故正確答案為D。
3. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _______ left their village homes for a better life in the city. (2010年浙江卷)
A. whom B. which C. them D. those
解析:由many之前的逗號和選項(xiàng)特征推斷,此處是主從句關(guān)系,所以首先排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。由于先行詞是1,000 people,表示人,故用whom,正確答案為A。該句的意思是:這里居住著將近一千人,他們中的許多人都背井離鄉(xiāng)去城市追求更好的生活。
而過去幾年高考試題在考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”時(shí)往往給出不同的介詞,讓考生選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆?。例?
11. Gun control is a subject _______ Americans have argued for a long time. (2009年陜西卷)
A. of which B. with which
C. about which D. into which
解析:該題中,從句謂語動(dòng)詞argued與介詞about搭配,表達(dá)“爭論某事”之意,故正確答案為C。
31. By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _______ appeared a rare rainbow soon. (2008年福建卷)
A. of which B. on which
C. from which D. above which
解析:此定語從句的先行詞是the top,從句的正常語序應(yīng)該是“A rare rainbow soon appeared _______ the top of Mount Qomolangma”。空格處顯然應(yīng)該填上above,表示“在山頂上”。所以用above which連接主從句,正確答案為D。
熱點(diǎn)四:考查as和 which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句
當(dāng)as和which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí),as和which可指代整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于and this或and that。其區(qū)別是:
1. as引導(dǎo)的從句可放在主句之前、之后或中間,而which引導(dǎo)的從句不能放在主句之前;
2. 當(dāng)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是be announced / expected / known / reported / said / imagined / shown等被動(dòng)形式,或usually happen、be often the case等表示主語的習(xí)慣性或司空見慣之意時(shí),常用as;
3. 當(dāng)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式或謂語后接的是一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),一般用which而不用as。例如:
10. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _______ turned out to be a wise decision. (2010年四川卷)
A. that B. which C. whenD. where
解析:分析題干結(jié)構(gòu),推斷此處應(yīng)為which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,which指代前邊整個(gè)句子的意思。句子的意思是:大學(xué)畢業(yè)后,我休假一段時(shí)間去旅游,結(jié)果證明這是一個(gè)明智的決定。正確答案為B。
80. _______ (正如我們強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣) many times, "serve the people" is our first policy. (stress) (2010年湖北卷)
解析:當(dāng)非限定性定語從句位于主句之前,且關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)句子時(shí),只能由as來引導(dǎo)。主句的內(nèi)容作定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。所以空格處應(yīng)填入As we have stressed。
熱點(diǎn)五:考查定語從句的分隔現(xiàn)象
一般來說,定語從句總是緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后,但有時(shí)定語從句和先行詞會被介詞短語或其他成分分隔,干擾了考生判斷句子的結(jié)構(gòu),從而給辨別從句帶來一定的難度。例如:
28. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school _______ I met in the English speech contest last year. (2010年湖南卷)
A. who B. where C. when D. which
解析:題干的意思是:我與好幾位去年在英語演講比賽中結(jié)識的同校同學(xué)成了好朋友。根據(jù)句意,定語從句的先行詞是the students,被介詞短語in my school分隔,先行詞在從句中作met的賓語,故選關(guān)系代詞who。正確答案為A。
31. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _______ she would stay for an hour. (2010年江西卷)
A. where B. who C. which D. what
解析:題干的意思是:這個(gè)女孩準(zhǔn)備與她姐姐一起在培訓(xùn)中心上鋼琴課,在那兒,她愿意待上一個(gè)小時(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知,先行詞為centre,被介詞短語with her sister 分隔。定語從句中she would stay for an hour不缺賓語或主語,故應(yīng)填入不充當(dāng)主、謂、賓的成分,這里為狀語,表地點(diǎn)應(yīng)用where。正確答案為A。
熱點(diǎn)六:考查關(guān)系代詞that / which / who(m)引導(dǎo)的定語從句
當(dāng)先行詞是表示人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語成分時(shí),選用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。指人用who (賓格用whom)或that,指物用which或that。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí),不能用關(guān)系代詞that。
24. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _______ is named after his grandfather. (2010年全國卷I)
A. which B. where C. what D. that
解析:題干的意思是:當(dāng)Jack還是孩子的時(shí)候,他在以他祖父命名的鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。空格設(shè)置在名詞school后,且school后有逗號,推斷此題考查非限定性定語從句。先行詞是school,它在定語從句中作主語,因此使用關(guān)系代詞,選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)系代詞只有which和that,由于是非限定性定語從句,不能使用that,因此正確答案為A。
16. I refuse to accept the blame for something _______ was someone else's fault. (2010年全國卷II)
A. who B. that C. as D. what
解析:分析題干的結(jié)構(gòu),that was someone else's fault是定語從句,修飾先行詞something,故用that引導(dǎo)。正確答案為B。
32. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 32 had been his teacher. (2010年廣東卷)
解析:答案為who /that。先行詞an elder意思是“老人,年長者”,在定語從句中作主語,指人,故使用關(guān)系代詞who / that。
綜上所述,全國各地的2010年高考英語試題對定語從句的考查比較全面,突出了對關(guān)系副詞where、作定語的關(guān)系代詞whose、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)、 as和which指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容以及定語從句的分隔現(xiàn)象等方面的考查。同學(xué)們在復(fù)習(xí)定語從句時(shí)除了掌握其基本用法外,還應(yīng)對以上熱點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)多加注意。
聯(lián)系客服
