英語中句子按結(jié)構分為:簡單句,并列句和復合句。
簡單句,n個主語和+1個謂語或者1個主語+n個謂語結(jié)構的句子。
并列句,多個簡單句由并列連詞連接,句子之間是獨立平等的關系。即簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句.....
復合句,有多個主謂結(jié)構的句子,并且一(多)個主謂結(jié)構在句子里做句子的某一(些)成分,比如做主語、表語、賓語、狀語、定語。(點擊前往句子成分篇)
復合句是“1主句+n從句(n≥1)”的結(jié)構
01
■ 這世上沒有不含主謂結(jié)構的句子,如果有,那它就不是完整的句子。
首先,讓我們來一波測試。
請判斷以下句子的類型。(A. 簡單句 B.并列句 C.復合句)
When you cross a main road, you must be careful.
I love the feeling of being cared.
If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.
You should go to his place and apologize.
He is the man whom I saw yesterday.
I'd better take an umbrella, for it is going to rain.
She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.
It took us twenty minutes to clean the room yesterday.
We danced and sang all night.
He worked hard, and became an architect.
接下來我們來看答案:CACBC BCAAB
02
■ 句子類型區(qū)分在于結(jié)構。
簡單句,單一主謂結(jié)構;
并列句,多個主謂結(jié)構,由并列連詞連接;
復合句,多個主謂結(jié)構,有引導詞,從句充當句子成分。
我們以張三為例。
簡單句:
Z lost her phone.(張三手機丟了)
Z lost her love.(張三失戀了)
Z is ugly.(張三長得丑)
單一結(jié)構的句子。
并列句:
Z lost her phone, so she was unhappy.(張三手機丟了,所以張三不開心。)
Z lost her love, and she let herself go.(張三失戀了,然后張三放飛自我了。)
Z is not beautiful, but she doesn't care.(張三長得丑,但張三不在乎。)
并列連詞連接,兩個句子平等的關系,表示順承,轉(zhuǎn)折,對比,因果,選擇,并列等。
復合句:
Z lost her phone because she was careless.(因為不小心的緣故,張三的手機丟了。原因狀語從句)
Z was dumped when her boyfriend went to Beijing.(男朋友去北京的時候,張三被甩了。時間狀語從句)
The ex-boyfriend who dumped Z says that she is ugly.(那個甩了張三的前任,說張三長得丑。定語從句)
其中一個主謂結(jié)構(即從句)在句子中充當了成分。
并列復合句:
The boyfriend who dumped Z says that she is ugly, but Z doesn't really care.(那個甩了張三的男朋友說她長得丑,但張三不在乎。)
03
■ 并列句和復合句的區(qū)別
我們來看上面的例子:
Z lost her phone, so she was unhappy.(并列句)
Z lost her phone because she was careless.(復合句)
這兩個句子,so 和because都表示因果,也都是連詞,但句子結(jié)構就是不一樣。
為什么呢?
原因在于詞性!(點擊去往詞性篇)
so是并列連詞,連接兩個有因果關系的句子。
because是從屬連詞,后接完整主謂結(jié)構做原因狀語。
上學的時候老師一直說because和so不能同時出現(xiàn),原因就在于此,因為它倆不一家。這里跟漢語是有區(qū)別的。
并列連詞用來連接屬于同一層次并具有相同語法功能的詞、短語或句子。由并列連詞連接的句子,就是并列句。常見的并列連詞有:and,or, but, for, not only...but also...
從屬連詞這種連詞用以引導名詞性從句和狀語從句;由從屬連詞所引導的句子叫從句,而含有從句的句子叫作復合句。常見的從屬連詞有:when, where, why, because, that, which...
那么如何區(qū)分并列連詞和從屬連詞呢?
非常簡單?。?!就是——
死記硬背。
常見的就那么多,記得就好啦。
04
■ 并列連詞和從屬連詞
并列連詞
(1)表同等關系。and, both...and..., not only...but also...,neither... nor...,as well as, etc.
(2)表轉(zhuǎn)折。but, yet, while, etc.
(3)表因果。for, so, as, etc.
(4)表選擇。or, not...but..., either... or..., etc.
復合句中主句和從句之間由引導詞連接,引導詞可以是從屬連詞,副詞,代詞等。
從屬連詞
(1)不做成分:that(無意義)
if, whether(表是否的意思)
(2)狀語從句里的從屬連詞:before, since, because, though...
另,其他性質(zhì)的引導詞
(3)連接代詞,在從句中做成分:who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever, whichever...
(4)連接副詞,在從句中做狀語:when, where, why, how, how many, how long, how far, however, whenever, wherever
(鑒于篇幅問題,這些會放在從句里詳細講)
寫在最后:
依然是那句話,英語語法很重要,但沒重要到凌駕其他的地步。
如果你不靠這個吃飯,那么語法,就只是幫助你理解和應用英語的工具。
理解就好,能用就成。
以上。
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