and
◇“和”，連接兩個(gè)名詞，代詞或兩個(gè)形容詞等語(yǔ)法作用相同的詞語(yǔ)。但否定句中用or。
特別提醒：如果前后名詞都用no修飾，則可以用and。（該考點(diǎn)不是初中內(nèi)容，僅作拓展之用）
The air was so warm and bright.
It has no feet or legs.
It has no eyes and no ears.
I have no sister or brother.
◇“然后”。用于連接兩句有時(shí)間上先后的句子。
She washed the dishes and dried them.
◇表示目的，意圖。用于go, come, stop, run, stay等動(dòng)詞后。
Come and have a drink.
Go and buy one.
◇“只要……就會(huì)……”“如果……那么……”，用于祈使句后，表示條件與結(jié)果的關(guān)系。
Knock on the door, and it will be opened.
Come late again, and you’ll be fired.
but
◇ "但是"，“可是”，“而”，“卻”。
He is in poor health, but he still keeps working.
◇用在表示歉意的話后，引起一個(gè)分句，這個(gè)but通常不譯成漢語(yǔ)。
Excuse me, but can you tell me how to get to the railway station?
◇不與although/though (“雖然，盡管”)連用。
Though he is old, he works hard.
He is old, but he works hard.
◇作介詞，表示“除了……之外”。
She did nothing but watch TV.
or
◇“一般疑問(wèn)句+ or+被選擇的部分”構(gòu)成選擇疑問(wèn)句。
Do you like apples or pears?
Would you like tea or coffee?
◇“祈使句+or +陳述句”，表示 “……，否則，……”
Hurry up, or you will be late.
Work hard, or you cannot pass this exam.
◇“和”，否定句中代替and。
I don’t like bananas or pears.
◇or 連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱要與最后的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。
Either you or he is right. 要么你要么他是對(duì)的。
◇or so 大約，左右
I’ll be there in an hour or so.
同步練習(xí)：
用and, but, or填空：
1. Hurry up, _________ you’ll be late for school.
2. Who’s the youngest, Rose, Helen ________ Betty?
3. Work hard, ______ you will succeed.
4. Excuse me, _______ could you tell me the way to the post office?
5. I’ll see you either on Monday _______ on Tuesday.
6. Put your coat on ______ you’ll be cold.
7. I’m sorry, _______ could you repeat that, please?
8. There is no one here ______me.
9. She can do anything _______sing.
10. The sky is blue ________ everything is beautiful.
11. We were very tired _______ we were very happy.
12. He never smokes ________ drinks.
13. There is no air ______ water on the moon.
14. Your classroom is clean _______ tidy.
15. My house is small _______ lovely.
16. Lucy worked hard at English ______ she came first in the English exam.
17. It is hot today, ______ some boys are still playing basketball outside.
18. People can’t live without air _____ water.
19. The Summer Palace is large _______ beautiful.
20. He looks tall and strong ______ he is afraid to go out at night.
21. We had no water ______ food at that time.
22. Hurry up! ______ we will be late!
23. Come on! _______ you will win the match.
24. Be careful! _______ you will hurt yourself!
25. He usually goes to school by bus ______ by bike.
江蘇13城市中考試題匯編：
( ) 1. We didn't enjoy the picnic _______ there was a sudden rain. (08連云港）
A.if B. but C. because D. however
( ) 2. Work hard, _____ you'll pass the English exam this time. (08揚(yáng)州）
A.or B. but C. because D. and
( ) 3. He was sure his Dad would beat him, but his father didn't. ______, he picked up his
crying son and kissed him. (08淮安)
A. Therefore B. Indeed C. Instead D. But
Keys：
用and, but, or填空：
1. or 2. or 3. and 4. but 5. or 6. or 7. but 8. but 9. but 10. and
11. but 12. or 13. or 14. and 15. but 16. and 17. but 18. or 19. and 20. but
21. or 22. Or 23. And 24. Or 25. or
江蘇13城市中考試題匯編：
1. C 2. D 3. C
◆and的六點(diǎn)用法◆
(1) 表示聯(lián)合，意為“和”、“又”、“而且”：
We were cold and hungry. 我們饑寒交迫。
I woke up and got out of bed. 我醒了就起床了。
He played the piano and she sang. 他彈鋼琴，她唱歌。
(2) 有時(shí)用于連接兩個(gè)相同的詞語(yǔ)，表示連續(xù)性：
The train ran faster and faster. 火車開(kāi)得越來(lái)越快。
We waited for hours and hours. 我們一直等了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。
The boys laughed and laughed. 這些孩子笑個(gè)不停。
【注】但有時(shí)連接兩個(gè)相同名詞表示不同的質(zhì)量和種類：
There are dictionaries and dictionaries. 詞典很多，有好有壞。
Don’t worry—there are rules and rules. 別擔(dān)心——規(guī)則與規(guī)則不一樣。
(3) 在口語(yǔ)中用在 come, go, run, stay, stop, try 等之后表示目的，大致相當(dāng)于不定式符號(hào) to：
Come and have tea with me. 過(guò)來(lái)跟我一起喝杯茶。
We ought to stop and think. 我們應(yīng)該停下來(lái)想一想。
(4) 有時(shí)用在祈使句后，表示結(jié)果，意為“那么”：
Work hard and you’ll succeed. 努力干吧，你會(huì)成功的。
Arrive late once more and you’re fired. 你再遲一次，你就會(huì)被開(kāi)除。
比較：If you work hard, you’ll succeed. 如果你努力干，你會(huì)成功的。
(5) 有時(shí)表示對(duì)比(有類似but的意思)：
He is rich, and (yet) leads a modest life. 他很富有，但卻過(guò)著樸素的生活。
Robert is secretive and David is candid. 羅伯特深藏不露，而戴維則有啥說(shuō)啥。
(6) 用在 good, nice, fine 等之后，表示“很”，“挺”：
It’s nice and cool under the tree. 這樹(shù)下很涼快。
The book is good and expensive. 這本書(shū)很貴。
◆or的用法歸納◆
■表示選擇，意為“或”“還是”：
Is the radio off or on? 無(wú)線電關(guān)上了還是開(kāi)著的?
Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜歡茶還是咖啡？
Is he asleep or awake? 他睡著了還是醒著?
Are you going to America by boat or by air? 你到美國(guó)是坐船還是坐飛機(jī)？
You may go or stay, according as you decide. 是去是留由你自己決定。
Are you from North China or South China? 你是華北人還是華南人?
You can come now or you can meet us there later. 你可以現(xiàn)在來(lái)，也可以稍晚和我們?cè)谀抢锱鲱^。
■表示一種否定的條件，意為“否則”：
Come on, or we’ll be late.
Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 趕快，否則你上學(xué)就要遲到了。
Dress warmly, or else you’ll catch cold. 穿暖和點(diǎn)，否則你會(huì)感冒的。
Be careful, or you’ll break that vase! 小心，否則你會(huì)把那花瓶打碎!
Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down. 過(guò)馬路要非常小心，要看兩邊，不然會(huì)被車撞倒。
■可表示“要不就是”：
He must be joking, or else he’s mad. 他一定在說(shuō)笑話，要不就是瘋了。
The book must be here, or else you’ve lost it. 這書(shū)一定在這兒，要不就是你丟失了。
■用于否定句中代替and。
He was not clever or good-looking. 他不聰明，也長(zhǎng)得不好看。
比較：
They sang and danced. 他們既唱歌又跳舞。
They didn't sing or dance. 他們既沒(méi)有唱歌也沒(méi)有跳舞。
■用于習(xí)語(yǔ)
The work is more or less finished. 工作大體上完成了。
They consist of 1700 or more tribes. 他們由1700個(gè)或更多部族構(gòu)成。
There’s just one or two details I want to make sure about. 還有一兩個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)我想弄清楚。
Either your mother or your father may come with you. 你母親或是你父親會(huì)陪你去。
◆but的用法舉例◆
1. 連接詞或短語(yǔ)
It was a sunny but not very warm day. 那一天天氣晴朗，卻不太暖和。
He drives not carefully but slowly. 他開(kāi)車不是很小心，而是開(kāi)得很慢。
2. 連接句子
This isn’t a good one but it will answer. 這不太好，但可以將就用。
He looks honest, but actually he’s a rogue. 他看起來(lái)很老實(shí)，實(shí)際他是一個(gè)壞蛋。
She has had no answer to him but he gave no answer. 我向他說(shuō)了早上好，但他沒(méi)有回應(yīng)。
The ice remained, but there was no water underneath. 冰還在，但下面卻沒(méi)有水。
Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人正要開(kāi)始講話，珍妮先講了。
At first he was a little shy, but now he acts more natural. 開(kāi)始時(shí)他有些靦腆但現(xiàn)在他表現(xiàn)得很自然了。
There was a little trouble at first, but things were soon quiet. 起初有點(diǎn)小麻煩后來(lái)情況就平靜了。
3. 用于句首
But that question doesn’t arise. 但沒(méi)發(fā)生那個(gè)問(wèn)題。
But in secret she was delighted. 但她暗中感到高興。
But what else can we do? 我們還能做什么?
But in the end he gave in. 但最后他還是讓步了。
But there’s one thing we are agreed on. 但有一點(diǎn)大家的意見(jiàn)是一致的。
4. 用于道歉的表達(dá)之后
Sorry, but we’re behind schedule. 抱歉，我們落在計(jì)劃后了。
I’m frightfully sorry, but I can’t see you today. 太對(duì)不起了，我今天不能見(jiàn)你。
Excuse me, but I don’t think that’s quite true. 很抱歉，我認(rèn)為這與事實(shí)略有出入。
5. 用于not…but…，表示“不是……而是……”
Not you but I am to blame. 不是你的錯(cuò)而是我的錯(cuò)。
6. 用在某些否定語(yǔ)后，表示“只……”：
He eats nothing but hamburgers. 他只吃漢堡包。
She knows no one but you. 她只認(rèn)識(shí)你。
You have nobody but yourself to blame. 只能怪你自己。
No one but me saw her. 只有我看見(jiàn)他。
7. 用于next (last) but one 中，表示“隔壁再過(guò)去”“倒數(shù)第……”
He lives in the next house but one. 他住在隔壁再過(guò)去一家。
He was the last but one to arrive. 他是倒數(shù)第二個(gè)到的。
8. can’t help but 不由得不……
You can’t help but respect them. 你不由得不尊敬他們。
When they gave him a ticket to the game, he couldn’t help but go. 他們給了他一張看球賽的票，他不由得不去。
I can’t help but wonder what I should do next. 我不由得不想知道下一步該怎么辦。
【注意】不要按漢語(yǔ)意思將“雖然…但是…”直譯為although…but…：
誤：Though we are poor, but we are happy. (去掉though或but中任一個(gè))
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