陷阱一：由定位題干關(guān)鍵詞變成定位選項關(guān)鍵詞
考生定位題干關(guān)鍵詞只需要定位一到兩個詞。但是，定位選項關(guān)鍵詞則要求考生定位四個或四個以上的詞，增加考生花費的時間，也加大試題的難度，常出現(xiàn)在推斷題和判斷正誤題中。
例1 From the passage we can learn that the Post ______.
A. allows article submissions within six weeks
B. favors science articles within 2，000 words
C. has a huge demand for humorous works
D. prefers nonfiction to fiction articles
分析：推斷題。題干有一個關(guān)鍵詞the Post。但是，該詞匯在文章中出現(xiàn)過多次，所以無法通過定位該詞得到答案。此時就需要定位選項關(guān)鍵詞了。A項關(guān)鍵詞為article submissions和six weeks，B項關(guān)鍵詞為science articles和2，000 words，C項關(guān)鍵詞為humorous works，D項關(guān)鍵詞為nonfiction和fiction。經(jīng)過查找，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們在文章中均可定位到。這時，考生就要仔細比對四個選項和原文的信息來推斷了。
例2 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A. Austen was born 200 years ago.
B. Austen rewrote Pride and Prejudice.
C. Austen’s success lies in her wisdom.
D. Austen’s updated work gains popularity.
分析：判斷正誤題的題干往往沒有關(guān)鍵詞可供查找，必須通過定位選項關(guān)鍵詞。A選項的關(guān)鍵詞為born和200 years，判斷的關(guān)鍵在于找到文章中提到的出生年份，然后進行計算;B選項的關(guān)鍵詞為rewrote和Pride and Prejudice;C選項的關(guān)鍵詞為success和wisdom;D選項的關(guān)鍵詞為updated work和popularity。根據(jù)每個選項的關(guān)鍵詞回文章中定位后，再進行信息比對，仔細排查，最終才能確定答案。
陷阱二：題干關(guān)鍵詞被同義轉(zhuǎn)述、替換或隱藏
命題者有時會對題干關(guān)鍵詞進行同義轉(zhuǎn)述、替換或隱藏，以增加難度。
例3 Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular？
A. More Americans are doing it for fun.
B. The price of oil is lower than before.
C. There’s a growing need for fruits.
D. The cost of living is on the rise.
分析：題干的關(guān)鍵詞為vegetable gardening和popular?？忌芎芸於ㄎ怀銮耙粋€關(guān)鍵詞在原文第二段的第一句：They are among the growing number of Americans who，driven by higher living costs and a falling economy，have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. 但是，popular這個詞在該句中卻沒有原詞。由于題目問的是為什么vegetable gardening流行起來，所以“流行”這個詞考生必須定位出來。經(jīng)過對該句的分析可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，句中的the growing number of Americans為題干關(guān)鍵詞popular的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，最終確定該句為答案所在句。
例4 What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways？
A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.
B. Some railroad stops remained underused.
C. Land in the West was hard to manage.
D. Land grants went into private hands.
分析：該題的關(guān)鍵詞為construction of the railways和problem。通過定位第一個關(guān)鍵詞，能確定答案在文章的前兩段（前兩段提到了railway這個關(guān)鍵詞），但是problem一直無法找到。此時，考生需要確定該詞在文中是否被同義轉(zhuǎn)述、替換或隱藏了。通過分析和比對，我們最終可確定其在第二段被同義替換：In much of the West，some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped，and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.其中的unique challenges意思是“極大的挑戰(zhàn)”，也就等同于problem，由此確定答案所在句的位置。
題干關(guān)鍵詞的同義替換難度較大，不僅要求考生熟悉常見詞匯的近義詞和同義詞，還要求考生有一定的深層理解能力，能夠辨識出經(jīng)過解釋、改換詞性等方法偽裝的關(guān)鍵詞。不過，同義替換也有一定的規(guī)律：一般被同義替換的關(guān)鍵詞以表示抽象概念的名詞和形容詞居多，如上述題干中的problem和popular。
隱藏關(guān)鍵詞是難度最大的一種。所謂隱藏，是命題者對關(guān)鍵詞進行“過分地修飾”?？忌呀?jīng)很難從表面或字面意思來判斷它是否是要找的關(guān)鍵詞。
例5 Until recently most historians believed that trade along the Silk Road _______.
A. originated in the 2nd century BC
B. extended human migration into eastern Asia
C. began a million years ago
D. primarily benefited the Egyptians
分析：該題的關(guān)鍵詞為most historians和trade along the Silk Road。通過定位第二個關(guān)鍵詞，可以定位到第三段（整段講絲綢之路的貿(mào)易），但是尋遍該段也沒有找到與“大部分歷史學(xué)家”有關(guān)的詞語。該段有提到historians這個詞，但沒有most之類的修飾詞出現(xiàn)，我們很難確定答案的具體位置。其實，并不是我們找錯了位置，而是關(guān)鍵詞被隱藏了。該段第一句話原文如下：The official origin（of East-West commerce along the road）is usually placed in the late 2nd century BC when an agent of the Chinese Emperor Wu-di returned from a dangerous secret mission across the desert into the remote high country of Central Asia. 我們對該句簡化，去掉when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句及括號內(nèi)的修飾語，即：The official origin is usually placed in the late 2nd century BC. 在這句話中，official的意思是“較為正式的;公認的”，可理解為“正史的或官方的”，和“大部分歷史學(xué)家相信”相對應(yīng)，從而確定該句為正確答案所在的定位句。
陷阱三：虛假關(guān)鍵詞干擾定位
所謂虛假關(guān)鍵詞陷阱，是指通過關(guān)鍵詞查找的定位句并非答案所在的句子，而真正的關(guān)鍵詞則被偽裝或隱藏了。這種出題方式具有很強的“殺傷力”，考生很容易出錯。
例6 How did the author get to know America？
A. From her relatives.
B. From her mother.
C. From books and pictures.
D. From radio programs.
分析：該題的關(guān)鍵詞為America。通過查找，很快就能定位到第一段的中間部分：I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt’s house，and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. 但是，題目問的是作者是如何了解美國的，定位句無法回答題目所提出的問題。繼續(xù)閱讀文章，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)該題的正確答案在第二段的后半部分：When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see — the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. 該句并未直接出現(xiàn)America這個關(guān)鍵詞，而是以“我將要去的地方”和“那個陌生又神奇的地方”來指代美國。同時，該句中的from books and pictures與C選項一致。
聯(lián)系客服
